‘’SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT VIT

CAMPUS’ “B& B ANNEX”

PROJECT REPORT FOR THE COURSE

Solid waste management (CLE2020)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology In CIVIL Engineering By

ARUN KUMAR TAILOR (Roll No: 16BCL0061)
SAKET YADAV (Roll No: 16BCL0081)
PRAKHAR BINAYAK (Roll No: 16BCL0096,)
MRIDUL NIGAM (Roll No: 16BCL0229)
TEJAS BAJPAI (Roll No: 16BCL0303,)
AADITYA RAJ SINGH (Roll No: 16BCL0354)

Department of Civil Engineering

VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, VELLORE

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 Certificate of Approval

This is to certify that the work entitled “Solid Waste Management at

VIT Campus” submitted by ARUN KUMAR TAILOR (16BCL0061) ,
SAKET YADAV (16BCL0081), PRAKHAR BINAYAK (16BCL0096),
MRIDUL NIGAM (16BCL0229) TEJAS BAJPAI (16BCL0303) and
AADITYA RAJ SINGH (16BCL0354) has been carried out under my
supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) at Vellore Institute Of Technology, Vellore
and this work has not been submitted elsewhere for any other academic
degree to the best of my knowledge.

Dr. BHASKAR DAS

Professor

Department of Civil Engineering.

Vellore Institute of Technology

Vellore-632014, vellore

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 Date : 1/11/2018

Place : VIT vellore

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our profound gratitude and indebtedness to Dr Bhaskar Das,

Associate Professor, Department of CIVIL Engineering , Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, for introducing the present topic and for his
inspiring guidance , constructive criticism and valuable suggestions
throughout this work.

We would also express our gratitude to all the Faculty members of Civil
Engineering Department, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, for their
guidance and the support they have provided us.

Last but not least, our sincere thanks to all our friends & seniors who have
patiently extended all sorts of help for accomplishing this undertaking.

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 ABSTRACT

The increase in the intake of students, constant change in consumption

pattern and social behaviour has increased the generation of solid waste in
Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Campus. Though solid waste
management is a worldwide phenomenon, but the improper management of
solid waste (SW) causes hazards to the inhabitants. The problem of solid waste
management (SWM) is prevailing in the academic environment of VIT Campus
also. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the improved planning and
implementation of comprehensive SWM systems for upgrading the
environmental scenario of the Campus. It requires detailed information on the
quantity and character of SW generated and their physical and chemical
properties.

This present study is to investigate the problems and prospects of solid

waste in the Campus. The investigation includes the methods of practices
associated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste in VIT Campus. In this work, it is intended
to collect the data using questionnaire, field visit, and interaction with
inhabitants.

This work will evolve appropriate solid waste management strategy

based on the principles of reduce, reuse and recycle. This work will be a
feasibility study for a Solid Waste Management System for the Campus.

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1.0. Introduction

VIT Vellore ranks one of the top colleges in India in providing technical
education for both under graduates and post graduate students. It is the top
engineering college in the state according to the government statistics. Today it
has around 35000 students and around 700 faculties. In spite of all these
advances in technical and educational fields it faces severe environmental
concerns which needs to be addressed immediately. The waste management
issues in the college was a hot topic in several local newspapers recently.
The sight of a dustbin overflowing and the stench rising from it are all too
familiar sights and smells of a crowded city. You look away from it and hold
your nose as you cross it. Even our campus is not an exception. Waste
management is seldom done properly in VIT Vellore campus. Lack of waste
bins, heap of wastes in B & B annex hostel, tiresome job of daily labourers in
college to keep the campus clean – all these are familiar sights in our campus
life. Have you ever thought that you also have a role to play in the creation of
this stench? That you can also play a role in the lessening of this smell and
making your campus look a little more attractive and lessen the work of daily
labourers in VIT if you follow proper methods of disposal of the wastes
generated? Since the beginning, humankind has been generating waste, be it the
bones and other parts o+f animals they slaughter for their food or the wood they
cut to make their carts. With the progress of civilization, the waste generated
became of a more complex nature. At the end of the 19th century the industrial
revolution saw the rise of the world of consumers. Not only did the air get more
and more polluted but the Earth itself became more polluted with the generation
of non-biodegradable solid waste. The increase in population and urbanization
was also largely responsible forth increase in solid waste. Solid waste is the
unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential,
industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorized

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according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or
institutional); according to its contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic
paper etc.); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable,
radioactive, infectious etc.). Management of solid waste reduces or eliminates
adverse impacts on the environment and human health and supports economic
development and improved quality of life. A Number of processes are involved
in effectively managing solid wastes in a human society. These include
monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and disposal.
Through this project we intend to analyse the solid waste generation in
our college campus, the disposal techniques adopted and their effectiveness. We
also make an attempt to propose an alternate system for the proper waste
management without disturbing the environment.

2.0 OBJECTIVE:
 To identify the total amount of solid waste generated (kg/week) in B& B-Annex
blocks of men’s hostel, VIT, Vellore.
 To segregate the solid waste in each study area specially non-biodegradable and
wet fraction, perform detailed analysis on the same.
 To identify the current practice of solid waste treatment in each & every survey
area.
 To deeply evaluate the current followed practice and suggest steps for
improvement of the same.

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3.0: GENERAL INFO. OF SURVEY AREA:

Swami Vivekananda Block – MHB(4-story building)

DETAILS STRENGTH

Total no. of rooms 172

Total no. of beds 531

BED TYPE WISE STRENGTH

3AC 3NAC 6NAC

129 372 30

Total Students Strength 529

No. of Deputy Warden 1

No. of Block Supervisor 1

House Keeping Staff 4

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Swami Vivekananda Block Annexe - MHBA

DETAILS STRENGTH

Total no. of rooms 30

Total no. of beds 138

BED TYPE WISE STRENGTH

1AC 4AC 6AC

2 64 72

Total Students Strength 79

No. of Deputy Warden 1

No. of Block Supervisor 1

House Keeping Staff 1

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“MESS DETAILS”
Inside Block(B-Annex) Mess -- PR- Caterers
 This mess is attached with B-annex block
• Inherits 2-types of messes: Veg mess, Special mess
• Capacity: 340 students (TOTAL)
• Expected Students come- 200 or more
• Waste Assessment: 65kg/day: (approx.)
15kg- Breakfast Meal
30kg- Lunch Meal
20kg- Dinner Meal

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4.0Analysis of waste generation in VIT HOSTEL B & B ANNEX:
 In Hostel Block(4-storied building) every floor has 8 dustbins(vol. 60
lit.) each.
 A random check of few dustbins in the building revealed different types
of wastes stated below
1. Egg Shells
2. Plastic Polythene
3. Cardboard Boxes
4. Tetra packs/Tin Cans/Plastic Containers(Bottles)
5. Waste food items(including raw peels, bread pieces etc.)
We all group members went to the Bio-processing plant where all the waste
of VIT is treated.
We asked the officials about the waste generated in B block and B-annex, he
gave us some data regarding the garbage and the bags that are being
collected and we cross checked the next day.

VIT BIO PROCESSING PLANT:

• VIT bio processing plant where all the separation is done and rest
treatments.

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• The trucks that collects the garbage bags from the hostel dumps in this
plant .

TOTAL WASTE BAGS COLLECTED:

• No. of bags collected from B block(week days) – 2 bags

• No. of bags collected from B block(weekends) – 2 bags
• No. of bags collected from B-annex (week days)– 1 bag
• No. of bags collected from B-annex (weekends)– 1 bag
• Average weight of each garbage bag collected – 30 kg
• The total waste collected from B block- 42kg/day (weekdays)
• The total waste collected from B block- 57kg/day (weekends)
• The total waste collected from B-annex – 22kg/day (weekdays)
• The total waste collected from B-annex – 28kg/day (weekends)

In B block in every floor there is 5 dustbins in each floor.

A total of 20 dustbins are there in B block.
Then all the bags from the block are being dumped in the main dustbin present
infornt of the block.

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 SEGREGATION:

• 10 kg waste from B block is taken and a process of segregation

was done and following data’s were recorded:-
(i) Plastic item waste = 1.5kg
(ii) Raw food materials = 2.5 kg
(iii) Cloth and shoe item = 1kg
(iv) Cardboard and papers = 2kg
(v) Tins and can (aluminium foil and disposal plates included) =1.5kg
(vi) Plastic bottles = 1.5kg

Survey will be conducted in two discrete methods:

• By Distributing e-forms with some common questionnaire (Google
forms).
• Direct Methods (Approaching the concerned authorities of hostel
block/mess for correct information).

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 • In the bio processing
plants there are groups
appointed to separate the
plastic waste, cans, tins,
cardboard box, papers etc.
• Firstly all the garbage are
dumped in one area and from there
the segregation starts.

To analyse how each person contributes to the wastes generated in the

campus, we have conducted a survey in two hostels of VIT. In the survey we
came to know that plastic and non-plastic wastes make a large difference in their
quantity and we have come upon with the following tables.

Table 1: Daily waste generation from rooms in B and B annex hostels

(for each 10 kg)

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 Weight
(kg)

DAY Date B BLOCK B ANNEX

Plastic Non plastic Total Plastic Non plastic total

15-10-
Monday 2018 2.2 7.8 10 1.8 8.2 10
10 8.3 10
16-10-
Tuesday 2018 2 8 1.7
20-10-18 2.1 10
Saturday 2.5 7.5 10 7.8
21-10-18 1.9 10
Sunday 2.4 7.6 10 8.1
Mean Daily 7.72 8.1
Waste (kg) 2.27 2.12

Table 2: Details of Daily Food Waste in B Hostel Mess

Date Breakfast Lunch Total

Dinner
15-10-18 15 65
30 20
21-10-18 12
32 18 62

mean 13.5 31 19 63.5

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 4. RESPONSE OF E-SURVEY

We got around 62 responses

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5.0 SUGGESTIONS:

5.0.1 FOR MESS WASTE REDUCTION:

• By introducing electronic card which will be needed to scanned first to get the
plate for serving. this will monitor the number of student eating on particular
days. after a month or two authorities can come to a conclusion that on which
days students are coming in more number and on which day less students are
coming. this will help the mess department to make food accordingly and hence
reduce the food waste.
• FOR STUDENTS:

• FOR MESS INCHARGE:

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• This solution is not only using information alone to create behavioural
change but is also challenging the habits of the users. In our over research
we found that wasting food is a highly subconscious practice, and so are
the complex processes preceding it. Lack of knowledge also largely
reduced people’s ability to independently evaluate the importance of food
wastage. So we have created other solutions as well in this matter. Those
other solutions are meant to acknowledge the basic aspects of food
wastage through visual mediums along with doing the promotional advert
for this particular solution.
• The responsibility of handling of waste generated in the hostel mess is
born by the firm operating it (i.e. the Caterers). The waste is generated
here is food waste, thus maximum of it is biodegradable and therefore it
is sent to nearby agricultural farms or given to hungry street animals.
• If incase there is shortage of food from one caterer they can borrow from
another mess with the same caterer. Exchange of done is between same
caterer.

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4.0.2 FOR HOSTEL WASTE REDUCTION:
 All the waste generated in the block is collected from dustbins/corridors
etc. every day in morning around 10:30 AM. This waste is sent to a sacred
place which is somewhere beside B-block. From their a contract is issued
by VIT Management to take away this waste. This is then classified into
various types and bifurcated accordingly. Reusable materials are sent for
the processing required, others are transported to government garbage
dumping places.
• Ban of polythene in college campus, use of cardboards can be done
properly.
• Instead of cold drinks in plastic bottles we can use tin cans to avoid
the use of plastic and tin cans are also recyclable.
• Donation of clothes and shoes to the NGO’s instead of just
throwing them into the bins.
• Increase the awareness about how much the waste is generated by
the students so that they can realize their mistakes and wastage is
not done.
 As because of CAT-II there is wastage of paper as we only use it
one time.
 If a rough calculation is done minimum of 200pages per students
will come and there is lots of student in VIT.
 To reduce this problem we came up with an idea to replace paper
with kindle tablet.
 To reduce paper VIT can provide us Kindle tab which will have the
necessary materials that are required for CAT-II examination.
 We can just stop the use of paper but we can reduce it for sure with
this practice.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

The objective of the project was to analyse the effectiveness of the current
waste management systems in VIT and to put forward a new and effective one.

For this we focussed mainly on two areas:

a) Food waste generated in the mess.
b) Waste generated from the rooms in B AND B ANNEX hostel.

The method adopted was conducting a detailed study on the amount of

waste produced in HOSTELS (particularly in mess’) for a period. Also we
tabulated the amount of waste generated from the hostel rooms and weighed it
after segregating it into plastic and non-plastic. The average waste was
calculated from this sample assuming it to be a true reflection of the waste
generation for the entire semester.
For the mess it was observed that the suitable waste disposal system was
the bio-digester. This is due to the fact that it can process a large quantity of
food waste to give useful products such as biogas and slurry. But in case of
hostel per day is considerably low so an anaerobic digester is a suitable option.
The anaerobic digester was chosen since it required less maintenance and was
more suitable for a lesser quantity of waste and hence it is economically feasible
in the long run.
The data for mess waste was analysed by assuming that kitchen waste
consists of mainly sugary feedstock. But in reality there may be other substances
with low sugar content.

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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.wikipedia.com
• http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html
• http://www.artiindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=4
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• https://www.slideshare.net/mtcperera/solid-waste-management-project
• https://www.scribd.com/document/49850685/Solid-waste-management-in-
university-hostel

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