Capı́tulo 1

Introduction

Lie algebroids are a central notion in differential Geometry and are a domain Concepts
in Lie algebroid theory arise often as generalization of standard notions in Lie theory
and/or of differential geometry. Roughly speaking, a Lie algebroid is a structure where
we replaces the tangent bundle with a new vector bundle with similar properties. Hence
with this new notion, we can generalize many geometrical concepts which involves the
tangent bundle. Another example, we see when we study Lie algebras because it can
be generalize by mean the concept of Bundles of Lie algebras (See [1]). Given an open
subset U of manifold M and a Lie algebra g, one can think of U × g as a family of Lie
algebras parametrized by the points in U . Roughly speaking, a Bundle of Lie algebra
is a vector bundle that locally looks like U × g.
On the other hand, if we have a Lie algebra on which we have defined a scalar product
µ0 so that
µ0 ([x, y], z) + µ0 (x, [y, z]) = 0 (1.1)
for all x, y, z in g is called to be a orthogonal Lie algebra. An important process asso-
ciated with this concept given by A. Medina y Ph. Revoy en in [2], is called Double
Orthogonal Extension. This process gives rise a way to construct a new orthogonal Lie
algebra by mean another orthogonal Lie algebra. In order to show our intention we will
make a brief description in the following lines of this process.

1.1. Double Orthogonal Extension

Given a Lie algebra g and V a g-module, we can see in [3] an important result that assert
for each element ω in C 2 (g, V ), space of alternating p-linear mappings the expression

[(v, x), (u, y)] = (x · u − y · v + ω(x, y), [x, y])

define a Lie bracket on V oρ g if and only if ω is a 2-cocycle on g to values in the

g-module V (ω ∈ Z 2 (g, V )). Hence for ω ∈ Z 2 (g, V ), we write gω := V ⊕ω g the Lie

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algebra corresponding. Then we obtain

0 −→ V ,→ V ⊕ω g −→ g −→ 0 (1.2)

a extension of g by mean of V . An important set in this process is de set of skew

symmetry derivations defined as

Dera (g, µ0 ) = {D ∈ Der(g) : µ0 (D(x), y) = −µ0 (x, D(y))}.

We take now a orthogonal Lie algebra (g, µ0 ) and arbitrary Lie algebra h, which cannot
be orthogonal, in a way that there is a representation of h in Dera (g, µ0 ), that is,

ψ : h −→ Dera (g, µ0 )

Therefore is possible to show that the map φ : g × g −→ h∗ defined as

φ(x, y)(z) = µ0 (ψz (x), z)

is bilinear. If h∗ = V is a trivial g-module, then φ ∈ Z 2 (g, h∗ ). For this fact, we can

construct the Lie algebra (see [3], pg 202)

gφ = g ⊕φ h∗

with Lie bracket given by

[(x, α), (y, β)] = ([x, y]g , φ(x, y))

Besides for (1.2), gφ determine a central extension of g by mean h∗ respect to φ. It is

important now consider the co-adjoint representation of h π ∗ : h −→ gl(h∗ ) defined as

πz∗ (α) = −α ◦ adz .

We show, for z in h that the application Θz : g ⊕φ h∗ −→ g ⊕φ h∗ given by

Θz (x, α) := (ψz (x), πz∗ (α))

define a derivation in (g ⊕φ h∗ , [, ]).

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Bibliografı́a

[1] K. Mackenzie, Lie Groupoids and Lie Algebroids in Differential Geometry,

London Math. Soc. Lecture Notes Ser. 124, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cam-
bridge, 1987.

[2] Medina, A. Revoy. P Algèbres de Lie et produit scalaire invariant., Ann.Sci.

Ecole Norm. Sup. (4) 18 (1985) 553-561.

[3] Hilgert, J. and Neeb, K.-H. Structure and geometry of Lie groups. Springer
Monographs in Mathematics, Springer, New York, (2012).