Airway Poster

Introduction-The most
vital element in providing functional respiration is the

airway. Management of the airway has come a long way
since the development of endotracheal intubation by
Macewen in 1880 to present day use of modern and
sophisticated devices
classification-
1.uncuffed,laryngopharyngeal airways
2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA
3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

5.CUFFED HYPOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY e.g LMA FAMIY DEVICE
6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY
7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
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An oropharyngeal airway (also known as an oral airway, OPA or Guedel pattern airway) is a medical
device called an airway adjunctused to maintain a patent (open) airway. It does this by preventing
the tongue from covering the epiglottis, which could prevent the person from breathing. When a person
becomes unconscious, the muscles in their jaw relax and allow the tongue to obstruct the airway. [1]
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Contents
[hide]
 1 History and usage
 2 Insertion
 3 Usage
 4 Key risks of use
 5 See also
 6 References
 7 External links
[edit]History and usage

The oropharyngeal airway was designed by Arthur Guedel.[2]
Oropharyngeal airways come in a variety of sizes, from infant to adult, and are used commonly in pre-
hospital emergency care and for short term airway management post anaesthetic or when manual
methods are inadequate to maintain an open airway. This piece of equipment is utilized by certified first
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responders, emergency medical technicians, and paramedics - plus other health professionals
when tracheal intubation is either not available, not advisable or the problem is of short term duration.
Oropharyngeal airways are indicated only in unconscious people, because of the likelihood that the
device would stimulate a gag reflex in conscious or semi-conscious persons. This could result
in vomit and potentially lead to an obstructed airway. Nasopharyngeal airways are mostly used instead as
they do not stimulate a gag reflex. In general oropharyngeal airways need to be sized and inserted
correctly to maximise effectiveness and minimise possible complications - such as oral trauma.
[edit]Insertion
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OP airways in varying sizes
The correct size OPA is chosen by measuring from the middle of the persons mouth to the angle of the
jaw. The airway is then inserted into the persons mouth upside down. Once contact is made with the back
of the throat, the airway is rotated 180 degrees, allowing for easy insertion, and assuring that the tongue
is secured. An alternative method for insertion, the method that is recommended for OPA use in children
and infants, involves holding the tongue forward with a tongue depressor and inserting the airway right
side up.[1]
The device is removed when the person regains swallow reflex and can protect their own airway. Simply
remove by pulling on it without rotation.[1]
[edit]Usage
Use of an OPA does not remove the need for the recovery position and ongoing assessment of the
airway and it does not prevent obstruction by liquids (blood, saliva, food, cerebrospinal fluid) or the
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closing of the glottis. But can facilitate ventilation during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and for
persons with a large tongue.
[edit]Key risks of use

The mains risks of its use are:[citation needed]
 if the person has a gag-reflex they may vomit

 when it is too large, it can close the glottis and thus close the airway
 improper sizing can cause bleeding in the airway
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cuffed oropharyngeal airway

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classification-

posted 12 February 2001 on About Anesthesiology)
Introduction
The Cuffed Oropharyngeal Airway (COPA) is a device that was
first described by Dr. Robert Greenberg in 1991. It has been
marketed since 1997 by Mallinckrodt for use in the United States.
It is a supra-glottic airway control device, much like the more
popular Laryngeanl Mask Airway (LMA). The COPA consists of a
modified Guedel-type airway with an inflatable cuff - which makes
placement of the device easy to learn and to teach.
General Description
The device has an integrated bite block, which is color-coded for
size and to help with proper positioning. It has a tooth-lip guard
and a standard 15mm connector for attachment of circuits,
breathing bags, etc. Two posts on the sides of the device are
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included to attach the elastic fixation strap (also included with

each device).
COPA vs. LMA

The use of the COPA is very similar to use of the LMA.
Importantly, patient selection is very similar as neither device
protects the airway from aspiration risk - and should not be used
in patients where this is a concern. As with the LMA, the COPA
should be chosen for cases where the patient can remain under
anesthesia while breathing spontaneously.
The cost of a single COPA is about $13 per unit. The device is
single patient use and is disposable. The single use LMA costs
approximately $36 while a reusable LMA-Classic is about $220.
Remember, however, that the LMA-Classic also requires
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processing, cleaning, etc. between each use which adds to the

cost of using that device.
Placing and Using the COPA

The COPA currently comes in four sizes (8 - green, 9 - yellow, 10
- red, 11 - light green). Selecting the right size is one of the
most important steps of using the COPA. As a guide to
choosing the right size, a COPA held next to the patient's head
should result in the bite block just above the teeth with the tip of
airway at angle of mandible. This is usually one size larger than
the corresponding oral airway that would be used in that patient.
Choosing the right size is important, as the airway is designed to
"lock into place" behind the base of the tongue
Once the right size is chosen, the device should be prepared for
use by lubricating it, placing the included strap behind the patients
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head, testing the cuff, completely deflating the cuff and

preoxygenating the patient.
Insertion is facilitated with a dose of Propofol. This dose

approximates the usual induction dose. The technique for
insertion is the same as insertion of oral airway - either the
reverse Guedel technique or the direct Guedel technique may be
used. Since most people are already familiar with these
techniques, which are already easy to learn, the learning curve for
use of this device is not steep.
Once inserted, the device should be strapped into place

before any manipulation. This ensures that the COPA will not
"pop out" of position with subsequent airway maneuvers. When
strapping the COPA in place, make sure that the device is in the
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midline. If the proper size has been chosen, the colored bite block
should "transition" at the teeth.
After strapping the device in place, do a jaw thrust/chin lift.

Then inflate the cuff with the proper amount of air:
 Size 8 - 25 cc
 Size 9 - 30 cc
 Size 10 - 35 cc
 Size 11 - 40 cc
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LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY

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Description:
The Laryngeal Mask Airway is an alternative airway device used for anesthesia and
airway support. It consists of an inflatable silicone mask and rubber connecting
tube. It is inserted blindly into the pharynx, forming a low-pressure seal around
the laryngeal inlet and permitting gentle positive pressure ventilation. All parts
are latex-free.
Top of Page
Indications:
The Laryngeal Mask Airway is an appropriate airway choice when mask ventilation
can be used but endotracheal intubation is not necessary.
Contraindications:
 Non-fasted patients
 Morbidly obese patients
 Obstructive or abnormal lesions of the oropharynx
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Top of Page
Advantages:
 Allows rapid access
 Does not require laryngoscope
 Relaxants not needed
 Provides airway for spontaneous or controlled ventilation
 Tolerated at lighter anesthetic planes
Disadvantages:
 Does not fully protect against aspiration in the non-fasted patient

 Standard LMA does not allow high positive pressure ventilation
 Requires re-sterilization
Top of Page
Special Features:
 May be used as a rescue airway and fiberoptic conduit when intubation is

difficult, hazardous or unsuccessful
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 It can be used for bronchoscopy in the awake or asleep patient
Tips for Success:
 Begin with ASA I & II patients

 Learn and use standard insertion technique
 Use appropriate size and do NOT overinflate
 Maintain adequate anesthetic depth
 Remove when the patient opens mouth to command
Top of Page
Currently available devices include:
 LMA-Classic™
 LMA-Flexible™
 LMA-Unique™
 LMA-ProSeal™
For additional information contact LMA North America, Inc.

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References:
1. Pennant JH, White PF. "The Laryngeal Mask Airway. Its Uses in
Anesthesiology." Anesthesiology 79:144, 1993.
2. Benumof JL. "Laryngeal Mask Airway and the ASA Difficult Airway
Algorithm."Anesthesiology 84:686, 1996.
3. Brimacombe JR, Brain AIJ. The Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Review and
Practical Guide. WB Saunders, 1997.
Intubating airway
Description:
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The Intubating LMA has a rigid silicone-coated, anatomically curved steel airway
tube, which closely follows the curvature of the palate and posterior pharynx. The
distal end features an epiglottis-elevating bar to lift the epiglottis and allow
passage of a tracheal tube or fiberoptic laryngoscope.
Top of Page
Indications:
 Guide for endotracheal intubation

 Unanticipated difficult intubations
 Failed intubation
 Intubation of patients with limited head/neck movement
Contraindications:
 Lack of skill
 Non-fasted patient
Top of Page
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Advantages:
 Portable, relatively inexpensive

 Large internal diameter to accommodate up to a size 8.0 ETT
 Allows ventilation/oxygenation throughout intubation attempts
 Rigid handle eliminates need to place fingers in the mouth and allows for
manipulation of the device
Disadvantages:
 Blind technique, potential trauma if not performed carefully
 Requires mouth opening of at least 3cm
Top of Page
Special Features:
 Allows intubation/ventilation in any patient position

 May be re-inserted after intubation to facilitate extubation
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Tips for Success:
 Achieve optimal ventilation (without leak) prior to intubation attempts

 Manipulate the handle and lift prior to intubation ("Chandy's maneuver")
 Utilize fiberoptic scope to visualize passage in very abnormal airways
 Use proper size
Top of Page
Currently available devices:
For additional information contact LMA North America, Inc.
References:
1. Brain AIJ, Verghese C, Addy EV, Kapila A. "The Intubating Laryngeal Mask-I.
Development of a New Device for Intubating the Trachea." Brit J
Anaesth79:699, 1997.
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2. Baskett PJF, Parr MJA, Nolan JP.. "The Intubating Laryngeal Mask. Results
of a Multicentre Trial with Experience of 500 Cases." Anaesthesia 53:1174,
1998.
3. Dhar P, Osborn I, Brimacombe J, et al. "Blind Orotracheal Intubation with
the Intubating Laryngeal Mask vs. Fiberoptic Guided Orotracheal Intubation
with the Ovassapian Airway. A Pilot Study of Awake Patients." Anesth
Intensive Care29:252, 2001.
PROSEAL AIRWAY
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We describe a new laryngeal mask airway (LMA) that incorporates a second tube placed lateral
to the airway tube and ending at the tip of the mask. The second tube is intended to separate
the alimentary and respiratory tracts. It should permit access to or escape of fluids from the
stomach and reduce the risks of gastric insufflation and pulmonary aspiration. It can also
determine the correct positioning of the mask. A second posterior cuff is fitted to improve the
seal. A preliminary crossover comparison with the standard mask in 30 adult female patients
showed no differences in insertion, trauma or quality of airway. At 60 cm H 2O intracuff
pressure, the new LMA gave twice the seal pressure of the standard device (P<0.0001) and
permitted blind insertion of a gastric tube in all cases. It is concluded that the new device
merits further study.
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C TRACH LMA
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According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists, if an

unconscious patient cannot be intubated with an endotracheal
tube and cannot be ventilated properly with a mask, then the next
step is to insert the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Take it from this
anesthesiologist: LMA has saved countless lives!
LMA North America, Inc. describes its recently introduced LMA
CTrach™:
The LMA CTrach™ is designed to increase intubation success
rates in difficult airways. The LMA CTrach™ mask enables
ventilation during intubation attempts while built-in fiberoptics
provide a direct view of the larynx and real time visualization of
the ET tube passing through the vocal cords.
The LMA CTrach™ can be inserted exactly the same as the LMA
Fastrach™. However, unlike the LMA Fastrach™, once the
airway is secured and patient is being ventilated, the viewer is
switched on, placed in the magnetic connector and a clear image
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of the larynx is displayed in real time. The ET tube can be viewed

as it enters the trachea. Once the patient is intubated, the viewer
is removed and the mask is removed leaving the ET tube in place.
More at L
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NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
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In medicine, a nasopharyngeal airway, also known as an NPA or a nasal trumpet because of its flared
end, a type of airway adjunct, is a tube that is designed to be inserted into the nasal passageway to
secure an open airway. When a patient becomes unconscious, the muscles in the jaw commonly relax
and can allow the tongue to slide back and obstruct the airway. The purpose of the flared end is to
prevent the device from becoming lost inside the patient's head.
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[edit]Indications and contraindications

Nasopharyngeal airways are sometimes used by people who have sleep apnea.
These devices are also used by emergency care professionals such as EMTs and paramedics in
situations where an artificial form of airway maintenance is necessary but it is impossible or inadvisable to
use an oropharyngeal airway, the preferred type of airway adjunct, orintubate, considered the most
certain way to secure a patent airway, but also the most medically invasive. In an unconscious patient,
suction of the upper airways may also be applied via an NPA.
Insertion of an NPA is contraindicated in patients with severe head or facial injuries, or have evidence of
a basilar skull fracture (Battle's sign, raccoon eyes, cerebrospinal fluid/blood from ears, etc.) due to the
possibility of direct intrusion upon brain tissue. An oropharyngeal airway may be used instead, but these
devices frequently trigger a patient's gag reflex, while nasopharyngeal airways usually do not.[1]
[edit]Insertion
The correct size airway is chosen by measuring the device on the patient: the device should reach from
the patient's nostril to the earlobe or the angle of the jaw.[1] The outside of the tube is lubricated with a
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water-based lubricant so that it enters the nose more easily. The device is inserted until the flared end
rests against the nostril.
TRACHEAL TUBES
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Tracheal tubes
Main article: Tracheal tube
A cuffed endotracheal tube, constructed of polyvinyl chloride

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A Carlens double-lumen endotracheal tube, used for thoracic

surgical operations such as VATS lobectomy
A tracheal tube is a catheter that is inserted into the trachea for
the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining a patent
(open and unobstructed) airway. Tracheal tubes are frequently
used for airway management in the settings of general
anesthesia, critical care, mechanical ventilation and emergency
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medicine. Many different types of tracheal tubes are available,

suited for different specific applications. An endotracheal tube is a
specific type of tracheal tube that is nearly always inserted
through the mouth (orotracheal) or nose (nasotracheal). It is
a breathing conduit designed to be placed into the airway of
critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients in order to perform
mechanicalpositive pressure ventilation of the lungs and to
prevent the possibility of aspiration or airway obstruction.[23] The
endotracheal tube has a fitting designed to be connected to a
source of pressurized gas such as oxygen. At the other end is an
orifice through which such gases are directed into the lungs and
may also include a balloon (referred to as a cuff). The tip of the
endotracheal tube is positioned above the carina (before the
trachea divides to each lung) and sealed within the trachea so
that the lungs can be ventilated equally.[23] A tracheostomy tube is
another type of tracheal tube; this 2–3-inch-long (51–76 mm)
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curved metal or plastic tube is inserted into a

tracheostomy stoma or a cricothyrotomy incision.[24]
Tracheal tubes can be used to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, to deliver
oxygen in higher concentrations than found in air, or to administer other gases such as helium,[25] nitric
oxide,[26] nitrous oxide, xenon,[27] or certain volatile anesthetic agents such as desflurane, isoflurane,
or sevoflurane. They may also be used as a route for administration of certain medications such
as bronchodilators,inhaled corticosteroids, and drugs used in treating cardiac arrest such
as atropine, epinephrine, lidocaine and vasopressin.[2]
Originally made from latex rubber,[28] most modern endotracheal tubes today are constructed of polyvinyl
chloride. Tubes constructed ofsilicone rubber, wire-reinforced silicone rubber or stainless steel are also
available for special applications. For human use, tubes range in size from 2 to 10.5 mm (0.1 to 0.4 in) in
internal diameter. The size is chosen based on the patient's body size, with the smaller sizes being used
for infants and children. Most endotracheal tubes have an inflatable cuff to seal the tracheobronchial tree
against leakage of respiratory gases and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, blood, secretions and
other fluids. Uncuffed tubes are also available, though their use is limited mostly to children (in small
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children, the cricoid cartilage is the narrowest portion of the airway and usually provides an adequate seal
for mechanical ventilation).[12]
In addition to cuffed or uncuffed, preformed endotracheal tubes are also available. The oral and nasal
RAE tubes (named after the inventors Ring, Adair and Elwyn) are the most widely used of the preformed
tubes.[29]
Various types of endotracheal tubes are available that have endobronchial as well as endotracheal
channels (Carlens, White and Robertshaw tubes). These tubes are typically coaxial, with two separate
channels and two separate openings. They incorporate an endotracheal lumen which terminates in the
trachea and an endobronchial lumen, the distal tip of which is positioned 1–2 cm into the right or left
mainstem bronchus. There is also the Univent tube, which has a single tracheal lumen and an integrated
endobronchial blocker. These tubes enable one to ventilate both lungs, or either lung independently.
Single-lung ventilation (allowing the lung on the operative side to collapse) can be useful during thoracic
surgery, as it can facilitate the surgeon's view and access to other relevant structures within the thoracic
cavity.[30]
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The "armored" endotracheal tubes are cuffed, wire-reinforced silicone rubber tubes. They are much more
flexible than polyvinyl chloride tubes, yet they are difficult to compress or kink. This can make them useful
for situations in which the trachea is anticipated to remain intubated for a prolonged duration, or if the
neck is to remain flexed during surgery. Most armored tubes have a Magill curve, but preformed armored
RAE tubes are also available. Another type of endotracheal tube has four small openings just above the
inflatable cuff, which can be used for suction of the trachea or administration of intratracheal medications
if necessary. Other tubes (such as the Bivona Fome-Cuf tube) are designed specifically for use in laser
surgery in and around the airway.[31]
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IGEL AIRWAY
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i-gel - airway management has evolved

i-gel, from Intersurgical, is a truly unique, single use, supraglottic airway management device that
represents the culmination of years of extensive research and development.
Made from a medical grade thermoplastic elastomer, i-gel has been designed to create a non-
inflatable, anatomical seal of the pharyngeal, laryngeal and perilaryngeal structures whilst avoiding
compression trauma.
i-gel is currently available in seven sizes and is supplied in an innovative, colour-coded polypropylene
‘protective cradle’.
In short, everything about the i-gel supraglottic airway device has been designed to work in perfect
unison with the anatomy.
Benefits of i-gel
 Made from a unique, soft, gel-like material to allow ease of insertion and reduced trauma.
 Gastric channel designed to improve and enhance patient safety.
 Integral bite-block reduces the possibility of airway channel occlusion.

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 Virtually eliminates rotation.
 Reduces the possibility of epiglottis downfolding and obstructing the airway.
 Unique packaging protects the i-gel in transit and ensures that it maintains its
COMBITUBE
ntroduction
The Combitube is a twin lumen device designed for use in emergency situations and
difficult airways. It can be inserted without the need for visualization into the oropharynx,
and usually enters the esophagus. It has a low volume inflatable distal cuff and a much
larger proximal cuff designed to occlude the oro- and nasopharynx (1-4).
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If the tube has entered the trachea, ventilation is achieved through the distal lumen as
with a standard ETT. More commonly the device enters the esophagus and ventilation
is achieved through multiple proximal apertures situated above the distal cuff. In the
latter case the proximal and distal cuffs have to be inflated to prevent air from escaping
through the esophagus or back out of the oro- and nasopharynx.
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Left side Middle Right side
The Combitube has been used effectively in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (11,14,15). It

has been used succesfully in patients with difficult airways secondary to severe facial
burns, trauma, upper airway bleeding and vomiting where there was an inability to
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visualize the vocal cords (9,10,12,13). It can be used in patients whose cervical spine
has been immobilized with a rigid cervical collar, though placement may be more
difficult(1,7). Ventilation does not seem to be affected by the rigid cervical collar if the
Combitube can be placed (6).
The Combitube can only be used in the adult population as no pediatric sizes are
available.
Complications of the Combitube include an increased incidence of sore throat,

dysphagia and upper airway hematoma when compared to endotracheal intubation and
LMA(16). Esophageal rupture is a rare complication but has been described (20-23).
Known esophageal disease is a contra-indication to the use of the Combitube. These
complications may be partially preventable by avoiding over-inflation of the distal and
proximal cuffs (see recommendations below). Compared to intubation with an
endotracheal tube under direct laryngoscopy or using the LMA, the Combitube seems to
exert a more pronounced hemodynamic stress response (17,18).
Although it is possible to maintain an airway with the Combitube, endotracheal

intubation is the preferred method for definitively securing the airway. Either the oral or
the nasal route can be used for fiberoptic-guided airway exchange. The Combitube is
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left in place and the proximal cuff is partially deflated for fiber-optic intubation with an
endotracheal tube (19,24).
PERILARYNGEAL AIRWAY
Perilaryngeal Airway – Cobra
The Perilaryngeal –Airway COBRA
(PLA) is a
single use, PVC mode, latex free
supraglottic airway
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device, designed to be positioned in the

hypopharynx
opposite to the laryngeal inlet. It has a
breathing tube
with a large inner diameter to increase
air flow. In
the proximal end it has a standard 15
mm connection
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and in the distal end a ventilatory hole

which is
surrounded by a novel head design. The
novel head
design facilitates ventilation though the
slotted
openings that prevents the soft tissue
and the epiglottis
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to obstruct the ventilatory hole. Above

the head, the
device has a balloon surrounding the
tube like a ring.
This balloon when inflated closes the
nasopharinx and
pushed the roof of the tongue anteriorly,
preventing
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air leakage. PLA offers a more effective

seal, and a
better fiberoptic score as the LMA (15).
Slipa - Streamlined Pharynx Airway
Liner
Refere
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Introduction-The most

vital element in providing functional respiration is the

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

 1 History and usage

 4 Key risks of use

[edit]History and usage

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

OP airways in varying sizes

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

[edit]Key risks of use

 if the person has a gag-reflex they may vomit

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

cuffed oropharyngeal airway

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

6.UNCUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

7.CUFFED ESOPHAGEAL AIRWAY

posted 12 February 2001 on About Anesthesiology)

2.cuffed oropharyngeal airway e.g COPA

3.UNCUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY

4.CUFFED NASO-LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY