Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AUGUST 2018
GAUTENG PROVINCE
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1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
Dolomite stability sinkhole investigations were conducted from which the methodology
and cost estimate from which the rehabilitation of the sinkholes and refurbishment of the
damaged infrastructure were compiled. However, the cost estimate for the projects
came out way above the provisioned budgets. Consequently, a meeting to discuss the
cost estimates was held on the 19th of July 2018 and it was resolved that the scope of
work for the respective projects should be reduced to only leave minimum possible work
needed to eradicate the immediate hazard and restore services. Thereafter the reduced
scope of work would be costed, if the budgets are still exceeding the allocated budget,
a motivation for budget reprioritization should be drafted and submitted to the
Municipality and eventually the Funder for approval before construction commences.
The municipality was granted funding of R 47 147 000.00 (Inc. VAT) from the National
Disaster Emergency Fund to immediately alleviate the problem. The funding was
directed to six (6) projects namely;
Khutsong: Mzwanzwa Street Outfall Sewer Pipeline Bypass,
Khutsong Ext. 2 (Skopas) Collapsed Sewer Line,
Onyx Street Bulk Sewer Pipeline Replacement,
Khutsong Water Tower (Chiawelo).
Khutsong Reservoir,
Carletonville Reservoir (007).
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2. KHUTSONG: MZWANZWA STREET OUTFALL SEWER PIPELINE PROJECT
The sinkholes on the north of Mzwanzwa Street were caused by a collapsed sewer line.
The first sinkhole is approximately 5m in approximately 3m in diameter size, extending
to a depth of approximately 3m. Both sinkholes are located on the collapsed sewer line,
the date of occurrence is although unknown. It is presumed that subsurface erosion of
highly erodible dolomite residuum (wad) material was initially triggered by a leak on the
sewer line over an extended period of time. As a result of the initial leak, the sewer line
settled and failure of the wet service occurred, leading to the formation of the sinkholes.
The sinkhole investigation area covers approximately 2400m2(40m by 60m) and 240m
along the outfall sewer pipeline bypass alignment. The regional topography of the area
falls from 1475m AMSL in the north to 1474m AMSL in the south. Locally surface water
runoff takes place as sheet wash down the gradient in a southerly direction towards the
Mooirivierloop located 1,4km south of the site. Existing subsurface services located in
the affected area including a damaged southwest to northeast aligned sewer line of
unknown diameter and material type located north of Mzwanzwa Street and a southwest
to northeast aligned water line located to the south of Mzwanzwa Street. The site is
underlain by dolomite and chert of the Malmani Subgroup of the Chuniespoort Group of
the Transvaal Supergroup. The dolomite bedrock over most of the site is blanketed by
weathered soil derivatives.
The services that were affected by the sinkholes are the sewer outfall line and to a certain
extend the road, Mzwanzwa street. The outfall sewer line needs to be rerouted as a
matter of urgency.
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3. A limited Compaction Grouting programme along the proposed outfall sewer pipeline
bypass alignment on 15 grouting points.
4. Refurbishment of the damaged road.
The total cost of the above-mentioned scope work inclusive of professional fees and VAT
is R35 024 501.58. Although this amount is within the allocated budget of
R41 208 000.00, it is suggested that the scope of work be reduced so as to channel
funds towards the shortfall on other projects with critical tasks. The proposed scope of
work reduction is such that the immediate hazard from the open sinkhole will be
eradicated and the sewer and road services will be reinstated. The sinkhole will be
covered with overburden G5 gravel material up to a height of 2m above the ground. It
should be noted that proper rehabilitation of the sinkhole would still need to be done
when additional funds have been allocated to the project.
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R35 024 501.58 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work is R13 312 172.43 (incl VAT).
Table 1: Cost Comparison- Khutsong: Mzwanzwa Street Outfall Sewer Pipeline Project
Original Budget Original Scope Cost Savings (Original) Reduced Scope Savings (Revised)
Allocation Estimate Cost Estimate
R41 208 000.00 R35 024 501.58 R6 183 498.50 R13 312 172.43 R27 895 827.60
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3. KHUTSONG EXT.2 9SKOPAS) COLLAPSED SEWER LINE
A dolomite stability investigation carried out in the area of a 200m long sewer pipe
alignment south of Bornite Road in Khutsong Extension 2, where the existing sewer
pipeline collapsed. A subsidence (30m long and 6m wide, extending to variable depths
of 0,1m to 0,5m) occurred west of Stands 5033 to 5035 and east of Stands 5019 and
5020 over the sewer pipeline. Numerous cracks occurred in buildings on Stand 5034,
5035 and 5020).
1. The rehabilitation of the sinkholes using the Dynamic Compaction Method combined
with the Inverted Filter Method,
2. Replacing of the collapsed sewer outfall line for 200m with a new 300mm dia HDPE
pipe on the same footprint as the original.
3. A limited Compaction Grouting programme along replaced sewer pipeline alignment
on 30 grouting points.
4. Demolishing of 5 affected houses
The cost of the original scope of work inclusive of professional fees and VAT is
R38 279 931.93. The allocated budget is R1 068 000.00 all inclusive. There was a
budget deficit of R37 211 931.93. During the meeting held on the 19th of July 2018, it was
suggested that the scope of work be reduced and only concentrate on what will eradicate
the immediate hazard from the open sinkhole as well as reinstate the collapsed sewer
line.
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1. Demolishing of 5 affected houses,
2. The rehabilitation of the sinkholes during the backfilling of the sewer pipe with the
Inverted Filter Method,
3. Replacing of the collapsed sewer outfall line for 200m with a new 300mm dia HDPE
pipe on the same footprint as the original,
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R38 279 931.93 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work is R17 280 772.91 (incl VAT).
Table 2: Cost Comparison – Khutsong Ext.2 (Skopas) Collapsed Sewer Line Project
Original Budget Original Scope Cost Shortfall (Original) Reduced Scope Shortfall (Revised)
Allocation Estimate Cost Estimate
R1 068 000.00 R38 279 931.93 R37 211 931.93 R17 280 772.91 R16 212 772.91
A sinkhole of 6m long and 1,5m wide extending to a depth of approximately 2m, occurred
southeast of Onyx Street (on the T-junction between Onyx and Fesite Street) in the area
of the bulk sewer line. The sinkhole was originally of 0,5m diameter size and extended
to a depth of 1m, on 13 April 2016. It is presumed that subsurface erosion of highly
erodible dolomite residuum (wad) material was initially triggered by a leak on the sewer
line. As a result of the initial leak, the sewer
line settled and failure of the wet service occurred, leading to the formation of the
sinkhole.
The investigation area covers approximately 4650m2 (155m by 30m). The regional
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topography of the area falls from 1515m AMSL in the south to 1514m AMSL in the north.
Locally surface water runoff takes place as sheet wash down the gradient in a northerly
direction along Onyx Street. Existing subsurface services located in the affected area
including southwest to northeast aligned sewer and water lines and electrical cables,
located in the south-eastern road servitude of Onyx Street.
The site is underlain by dolomite and chert of the Eccles Formation, Malmani Subgroup
of the Chuniespoort Group of the Transvaal Supergroup. The dolomite bedrock over
most of the site is blanketed by weathered soil derivatives. The site is located in the
Oberholzer Dolomite Groundwater Compartment. A dolomite stability investigation was
conducted in the area surrounding the sinkhole, including the drilling of eleven
percussion boreholes, between 2 July 2018 and 5 July 2018. Based on the borehole
information the blanketing layer comprises of chert residuum, underlain by dolomite
residuum, highly weathered soft rock and hard rock dolomite, with cavernous conditions
recorded above and within highly weathered soft rock dolomite (i.e. Boreholes 1009.6-1
(between 17m to 19m) and 1009.6-5 (23m to 25m).
The cost of the original scope of work inclusive of professional fees and VAT was
R19 279 931.93. The allocated budget is R863 000.00 all inclusive. There was a budget
deficit of R18 416 931.93. During the meeting held on the 19th of July 2018, it was
suggested that the scope of work be reduced and only concentrate on what will eradicate
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the immediate hazard from the open sinkhole as well as reinstate the collapsed sewer
line and repair the water that would be damaged during the sinkhole rehabilitation.
1. The rehabilitation of the sinkholes during the backfilling of the sewer pipe with the
Inverted Filter Method,
2. Replacing of the collapsed sewer outfall line for 150m with a new 160mm dia HDPE
pipe on the same footprint as the original,
3. Replacing of the 110mm dia water AC water pipe that will be damaged during the
sinkhole rehabilitation.
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R19 231 402.93 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work is R4 557 138.25 (incl VAT).
R863 000.00 R19 231 402.93 R18 416 931.93 R4 557 138.25 R3 694 138.25
A dolomite stability investigation was carried out at the Chiawelo Tower in Sompane
Street in Khutsong, within the Merafong City Local Municipality.
Various sinkholes occurred to the south-east of the tower between 2014 and 2016 when
the sinkholes were apparently infilled with uncontrolled fill and rubble.
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In 2014, when the site was first visited by the Council for Geoscience the sinkhole area
measured 8m long by 6m wide and 6m deep but by early 2016 this extended to a 20m
diameter area. Detailed mapping of the area was not done prior to the backfilling
activities.
The regional topography of the area indicates a flat area at 1490m AMSL.
The area is underlain by dolomite and chert of the Malmani Subgroup of the
Chuniespoort Group of the Transvaal Supergroup. The dolomite bedrock over most of
the site is blanketed by weathered soil derivatives. The investigated area can be
described as largely reflecting a high susceptibility of small to large size sinkhole and
subsidence formation with respect to ingress of water and a low susceptibility of all-size
sinkhole and subsidence formation with respect to groundwater drawdown. Composite
Inherent Hazard Class 5-7//1. In the event of groundwater level drawdown the Inherent
Hazard Class remains unchanged.
This report documents the geological conditions encountered at the subsidence (where
access permitted) and along the proposed sewer line deviation, recommendations and
procedures on the improvement of subsurface conditions and stabilisation, replacement
of wet services, improvement of surface water run-off, minimum standards of
precautionary measures and monitoring actions.
The cost of the original scope of work inclusive of professional fees and VAT was
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R22 505 969.71. The allocated budget is R2 008 000.00 all inclusive. There was a
budget deficit of R20 497 969.71. During the meeting held on the 19th of July 2018, it was
suggested that the scope of work be reduced and only concentrate on protecting the
water tower by use of a curtain grouting programme. It was proposed that the sinkhole
be not rehabilitated for now because it has been backfilled with rubbish. Proper
rehabilitation can be conducted once additional funds have been secured. It was also
proposed that the structural integrity investigations be suspended because the structure
does not seem compromised.
1. Curtain grouting to protect the water. 22 grouting points are to be set up,
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R22 505 969.71 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work is R6 339 293.16 (incl VAT).
R2 008 000.00 R22 505 969.71 R20 497 969.71 R6 339 293.16 R4 331 293.16
6. KHUTSONG RESERVOIR
A dolomite stability investigation was carried out in the area surrounding the reservoir,
pump house, water tower and areas of known instability, at the Existing Khutsong
Reservoir, north of Nxumalo Road, Khutsong, within the Merafong City Local
Municipality. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the integrity of the
existing reservoir and related infrastructure (pump house and water tower), its potential
future use and the impact of instability features on structures.
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The reservoir is currently not operational. According to Merafong no drawings exist for
the main reservoir site and related infrastructure. A new as-built drawing indicating the
reservoir site, water tower and isolation valve box was made available by Morad. A
300mm pipeline was laid by Rand Water from the isolation valve at the reservoir site to
the valve box in Eggo Jan Street (south of Nayaboswa Primary School) in 2015.
Currently water is lead from the Rand Water Main Line directly (i.e. bypassing the
connection point at the reservoir) to the water tower and from there into the network
area.
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Protecting the Rand Water valve chamber (16 grouting points),
Water tower (56 grouting points).
4. Repairing of a road section that will be damaged during sinkhole rehabilitation.
The R1 000 000.00 (Incl. VAT) allocated budget on this project on this project is for
geotechnical and structural integrity investigations. There was no provision for the actual
rehabilitation of the sinkholes and grouting. During the meeting held on the 19th of July
2018, it was suggested that the grouting programme to protect the water tower and valve
chambers be incorporated because these activities are critical. The reservoir structural
integrity investigations will not be conducted because the reservoir foundation is greatly
compromised and too expensive to rehabilitate.
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R85 956 308.51 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work is R29 465 166.96 (incl VAT).
R1 000 000.00 R85 856 308.51 R84 856 308.51 R29 465 166.96 R28 465 166.96
Dolomite stability investigations were conducted and recommendations given within the
area of the Carletonville (007) Reservoir, valve chambers, pipe alignments from and to
the Rand Water E5 Pipeline and the area north, west and east of the recently backfilled
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sinkholes; within the Merafong City Local Municipality.
A 50m long elongated and approximately 15m wide sinkhole extending to a depth of
more than 30m occurred 75m north-west of the Carletonville (007) Reservoir on 14 June
2015. A secondary sinkhole of approximately 22m diameter also to a depth of more than
30m occurred simultaneously 20m to the south-east of the first sinkhole. These two
features are interconnected below ground surface and are regarded as one instability
feature. The approximately 92m long and 22m wide sinkhole occurred in the area where
the Merafong waterline providing water from the Carletonville (007) Reservoir to the town
Carletonville splits, with one line continuing north joining up with the Rand Water E5
Pipeline and the other line continues in a north-west direction towards the town of
Carletonville. A third sinkhole occurred to the north-west of the 92m long and 22m wide
sinkhole somewhere during the period of July 2015 to December 2016. Various sinkholes
and subsidences ranging from 5m to 20m diameter extending to variable depths are also
present within the area, south of the Rand Water E5 Pipeline extending up to the
Carletonville (007) Reservoir.
A new subsidence of approximately 20m diameter size, with 50mm to 100mm open
surficial cracks at the periphery of the subsidence was observed along the feeding pipe
alignment, approximately 30m north east of the Carletonville (007) Reservoir, during
June 2018.
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2. The rehabilitation of the sinkholes using the Inverted Filter Method,
3. Grouting programme with 81 grouting points were to be set up for;
Sinkhole voids at greater depths,
Protecting the water valve chambers,
Protecting the reservoir.
Protecting the bulk water pipelines.
4. Correcting of the HDPE feeder water pipe from the Rand Water take off to the
reservoir.
The R1 000 000.00 (Incl. VAT) allocated budget on this project on this project is for
geotechnical and structural integrity investigations. There was no provision for the actual
rehabilitation of the sinkholes and grouting. During the meeting held on the 19th of July
2018, it was suggested that the rehabilitation programme be phased according to how
critical the tasks are. The reservoir structural integrity investigations will not be
conducted.
The cost estimate as per the original scope of work is R202 863 884.89 (incl VAT). The
cost estimate as per the reduced scope of work under phase 1 is R34 358 707.49 (incl
VAT).
R1 000 000.00 R202 863 884.89 R201 863 884.89 R34 358 707.49 R33 358 707.49
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8. SUMMARY OF FINANCES
Total R47 147 000.00 R403 761 999.55 R356 663 528.47 R105 313 251.20 R58 166 251.17
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10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the following the following projects be implemented within the available
overall allocated budget based on the reduced scope of work;
i. Khutsong: Mzwanzwa Street Outfall Sewer Pipeline Bypass, (R13 312 172.43),
ii. Khutsong Ext. 2 (Skopas) Collapsed Sewer Line, (R17 280 772.91),
iii. Onyx Street Bulk Sewer Pipeline Replacement, (R4 557 138.25),
iv. Khutsong Water Tower (Chiawelo), (R6 339 293.16),
If the above recommendation is implemented, a balance of R 5 657 623.25 (incl. VAT) will be
left out of the overall R47 147 000.00 funding allocation.
It is recommended that the R 5 657 623.25 (incl. VAT) be equally allocated towards the
Khutsong Reservoir project and Carletonville (007) Reservoir project to cater for investigations
and professional fees as follows;
Client Project No :
Morad Report No : 1
Sponsor Acceptance
Sponsor M. Moletsane
Acceptance
Initials & Surname Signature Date
ANNEXURES
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ANNEXURE A
Cost Estimates for Reduced Scope of Work
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ANNEXURE B
Cost Estimates for Original Scope of Work
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