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Sim Series OEP

Power System Simulation-


Sim-E-Final

Engr. Qazi Arsalan hamid


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Contents

Cable Pulling System->Page 1

Reliability Assessment->Page 10
Switching sequence Management->Page 15
Dedicated this work to all
learners Unbalance Load Flow Analysis>Page 17

Optimal Load Flow Analysis->Page 22

Project Examples->Page 30

Composite Network->Page 67

Bibliography->Page 72
Cable Pulling System i used multiple cables, now i take A-1 cable for my study(just for reference)
We will use below mention System for our
Cable pulling system study

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1
Now click cable pulling Systems button , it is available on left side toolbar Now click “Exist Cable” button in
Cable Pulling system window,
drag your selected cable in conduit.

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4
Assign length and slope

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Now click Calc Cable Pull , you will have results for pulling
,

we can change con-


duit type and size by
double clicking con-
duit shown in win-
dows.

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Reliability Assessment
By this you can find the system
reliability(possible failures as per system
configuration), 1st select your reiliability
models from library for your system ele-
ments (i.e. Power Grid, Transformer etc.),
you can make your own model also as per
your data.

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now make new study case and edit it, in
edit window, go to plot tab and select your
consideration in this study.

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Switching Sequence Management

We will use same system as we discussed in reliability assessment.


now we will develop switching sequence, our main objective in this study is to arrange shutdown at bus 1.

Develop new study and edit it, then click edit switching sequence.

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Unbalanced Load balance analysis
On same circuit, we will conduct this study.
1st develop study case and then edit it as
per your system requirement.

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Now place open phase fault on same system

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Optimal Load flow analysis
On same system, we will conduct this anal-
ysis, make new study and edit it as per your
requirement or system data

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Project Examples
30 degree Connection
Project # 1 (Directional Overcurrent
Relay application)
Here we will see the application of Direc-
tional overcurrent relay and it’s a simula-
tion in ETAP,
1st we need to understand what is the func-
tion of Overcurrent Directional relay
The directional relay(DOC) detects the di-
rection of a fault current in the circuit, this
direction will be detected by the phase an-
gle between source input quantities and
polarizing quantity, DOC has two input
sources, one of which is the polarizing
source, in recent practice the polarizing in-
put source is Voltage but we can use cur- 30
rent also as polarizing input. Polarizing
input is the input by which reference we
are setting our main input quantity’s phase
angular movement.now we have DOC
with current input and voltage as polaris-
ing input, we have standard connections for
DOC but we can also use other customized
connection as per the system requirement.

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it means due to fault or abnormal condition, DOC As shown in the figure mention above, due to fault or
will trigger signal when line current(Ia) leads phase abnormal condition, DOC will trigger signal when line
voltage(Va) by 30 degrees and leg by 150 degrees, dur- current(Ia) leads phase voltage(Va) by 45 degrees and leg
ing fault or abnormal condition if Phase to phase by 135 degrees, and during this abnormal or fault condi-
voltage(Vbc) shifted by 30 degrees, then there is maxi- tion if Phase to phase voltage(Vbc) shifted by 45 degrees,
mum torque or sensitivity of DOC-30-degree connection. then there is maximum torque or sensitivity of DOC-
maximum torque means where relay has the least delay 45-degree connection.
for tripping signal as compared to the complete operating
zone of DOC.(45 degree connection is given below) Now the question is why we use DOC when we have
Overcurrent relay where we need to install only one
input(economical solution), the reason is that when we
have multiple power sources in our ring circuit we do not
want to interrupt complete power sources, this false trip-
ping or complete power interruption occurs when we
used Overcurrent non-directional relay.

we module one circuit with two power sources for under-


standing this concept.
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1st we used
Overcur-
rent Non
Directional
Relay(OC) to
analyze the
results

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please note our input to OC is only Current transformer, Voltage transformer shown in the circuit is not
connected to OC, as OC require only Current input, now analyze what happened when a fault occurs in a
circuit.

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Now see results on our circuit, we used Reverse direction(Reverse biasing) so relay see all faults from the
power source side

As you see fault oc-


curs at any source
bus, means complete
cut off of power sup-
ply to the circuit, So-
lution is DOC

You can observe that if there is a fault on U1 supply, due to DOC, only U1 will be disconnected and U2
keep supplying power to the system.

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Project # 2(Multi Bus Protection Coordination System) Our system has 4 feeders from the main grid, with one link between Feeder C and Feeder D (this will reflect
the loop nature of any power distribution system). In ETAP study, we selected all bus for minimum fault
The system comprised of 132 KV grid with and %Z of 9.9, we calculated short-circuit faults of complete sys- calculation of system. Results are shown in given figures
tem by ETAP.

3 phase fault Short


Circuit-minimum
level (symmetrical)

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Line-Ground Fault-
Line-Line Fault-Short Short circuit-mini-
circuit-minimum level mum level (Asymmet-
(Asymmetrical) rical)

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Our aim is to design scheme from 11KV voltage level. 500KVA transformer is installed at bus 11 with full
load ampere of 26.24A. We have below mention calculation. We calculated till Main transformer primary
bus, total results are mention below.(Loop-1-Proposed Setting)

Line-Line-Ground Fault-
Short circuit-minimum
level (Asymmetrical)

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Loop-2 I want to mention one thing in loop-1, as this is ring connected or better say looped cir-
cuit, Feeder D, and Feeder outgoing protection will be cooridnated while either of one of
the circuits (feeder C or D) will be considered isolated. Loop 1

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Project#3 (Substation Protection Scheme Study)
We need to set Protection Scheme for one Substation newly construct and now connected to the power sys-
tem, Our scheme is step up here we have two transformers with 20 MVA rating each.
Our Distribution System Drawing

Complete Etap File


https://www.dropbox.com/
s/5azm12cc34vinhs/CoordinationEtap.
OTI?dl=0

Complete Working file - Excel sheet


https://www.dropbox.com/
s/4yy5u5vye4jh7kt/Coordination%20Study.
xlsx?dl=0

Simulation video
https://www.dropbox.com/s/u8qg2rigboili-
vm/Coordination%20NEw.mp4?dl=0
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Data We Have:

2 Transformers rating 20MVA each


%Z of both Transformers is 10 %( as Per ABB, %Z is 4
to 7% of Transformer rating up to 5MVA, and 7 to 15
% of Transformer rating start from 5MVA and so on)
Our Source impedance is 9.2%
Our System is 11/33KV
Different multi-core CTs ( multi-core ratio in which
we can use multi-cores for protection and metering
purpose but unused CTs Secondaries need to be short-
circuited, and multi-ratio CT is CT in which we can
use all or some Secondaries for metering and protec-
tion, but it is not necessary to short unused CT’s sec-
ondary) with different nameplate data, We need to
select CTs as per different full load amperes rating of
different protection elements and fault short circuit
current)
Different Relays which we need to select or change
their settings as per our studies
Different Breakers with different Rated Voltages

Let Start:

We first calculate Short Circuit Currents

Short circuit currents will be found out by 52


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Data:

We have SEL 751 relay for this section breaker (BUS


16 or 33kv outgoing feeder)
Short circuit 3 phase current is 1210A, and ground
(line to ground) fault is 1610A.
My desired downstream operating time at
bus 16 is 0.517sec, my preferred time current
characteristics(TCC) curve is standard inverse , but
if I have any motor feeder I preferred extreme inverse
TCC.
My pick up of 33kv outgoing feeder is 100percent or
1*400A=400A
My plug setting multiplier (PSM) is

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arth Fault Calculation Bus 16 and CB20;

Our desired operating time is 0.363sec

So TMS for this will be ,

If Our pick up will be 0.2 times of nominal current


(400A)

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Project 4(Loadshedding scheme)

We used 4 stage load shedding scheme in below mention system

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Composite Network
if system is very large and we need to conduct load flow, then we will use composite network tool. We
will use same network

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Now Double click Network
1, and connect selected
motors as shown in this
figure

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Run load flow analysis

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Bibliography
*.Protection Engineering Basic and
Schemes by Engr. Qazi Arsalan
Hamid
*. ETAP-114 Workshop Training
notes
*. IEC 60044
*. IEC 61363
*. IEC 60909

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Books in this series

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