University Institute of Sciences

COURSE FILE
B.Sc. Non Med
Semester- 5th

SUBJECT NAME: Probability and Statistics

SUBJECT CODE: SMT-304

Ms. Reena
Assistant Professor
 Contents of Course file
Semester Name of the course and subject Section

2ND Mathematics for Finance & Insurance

S.No. Item Annexure/Page no.

1 Academic calendar
2 Time table of the Class
3 Time table of the section
4 Time table of the concerned teacher
5 Scheme of Examination and attendance rules
6 Syllabus of the subjects
7 Lecture planning and implementation sheet
8 Tutorial/case study planning and execution sheet
9 Quiz planning and feedback
10 Assignments and important dates
11 Copy of Surprise tests with dates on conducted
12 Hourly and mid semester tests
13 Previous Question or specimen papers with answers

14 Unit-1
1.Lecture detail
2.Tutorial sheets
3. Quiz sheets (2)
4. Assignments (1)
5. MST 1
15 Unit-2
1.Lecture detail
2.Tutorial sheets
3. Quiz sheets (2)
4. Assignments (1)
5. MST 2
16 Unit-3
1.Lecture detail
2.Tutorial sheets
3. Quiz sheets (2)
4. Assignments (1)
17 Solutions to Tutorials, case studies and quiz sheets Unit wise
18 Topics on advancement in the subject 3 lectures
19 List of PPT along with Pen drive
20 Analysis and feed At the end of the
semester
 Academic Calendar for the Year 2018-19
Odd Semester
Date Working Remarks/
S.No. Event
From To days Displayed
1 Start of semester 16th July 2018
2 First fortnight 16-Jul-18 27-Jul-18 10 27-Jul-18
3 Second Fortnight 30-Jul-18 10-Aug-18 10 10-Aug-18
4 Assignments 17-Aug-18 20-Sep-18 Unit I
5 Third Fortnight 13-Aug-18 23-Aug-18 9 23-Aug-18
7 1st Hourly Test 24-Aug-18 27-Aug-18 3
9 Forth Fortnight 28-Aug-18 07-Sep-18 9 07-Sep-18
Fifth Fortnight 10-Sep-18 21-Sep-18 9 21-Sep-18
10 Fresher Party 2018 21-Sep-18
11 Assignments 25-Sep-18 22-Oct-18 Unit II
12 Sixth Fortnight 24-Sep-18 04-Oct-18 9 04-Oct-18
17 2nd Hourly Test 05-Oct-18 08-Oct-18 3
13 Entrecellance -17 12-Oct-18
15 Seventh Fortnight 09-Oct-18 19-Oct-18 9 19-Oct-18
Eight Fortnight 22-Oct-18 29-Oct-18 6 29-Oct-18
16 Assignments 22-Oct-18 12-Nov-18 Unit III
19 Dewali holidays 04-Nov-18 11-Nov-18 8
Ninth fortnight 30-Oct-18 15-Nov-18 9 15-Nov-18
21 Student's Day 03-Nov-17 Student-Teacher Interaction
22 Online Quiz 16-Nov-18 17-Nov-18 2
23 Practical Exams 19-Nov-18 22-Nov-18 4
24 Theory Examination 27-Nov-18 21-Dec-18 21

25 Winter Vacations 22-Dec-18 06-Jan-19 14 Students

26 Winter Vacations 22-Dec-18 01-Jan-19 9 Faculty
27 Next semester 02-Jan-19
Note :- 27th Oct, 3rd Nov and 17th Nov will be working day in place of Dewali Holidays

Prof. Gurdip Singh

Executive Director
 SCHEME B.Sc. Non Med ( 5th Semester)

S. Course No. Course Name Hours per

week
No Cr.
L T P

1 SHT301 Inorganic Chemistry IV 3 0 0 3

2 SHT302 Physical Chemistry III 3 1 0 3.5

3 SMT303 Introduction to Partial Differential Equations 3 1 0 3.5

4 SMT304 Probability and Statistics 3 1 0 3.5

5 SPT305 Condensed Matter Physics 3 0 0 3

6 SPT306 Electronics I 3 0 0 3

7 SHP307 Chemistry Practical-V 0 0 4 2

8 SPP308 Physics Lab- V 0 0 4 2

9 TDT 310 Aptitude 2 0 0 2

10 SHI311/

SPI312/

SMI/313 Field Project * 0 0 0 2

TOTAL 20 3 8 27.5

Note: *Field Project of 6 weeks to be completed during Summer vacation after 4th Sem for
evaluation in 5th semester.
 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, GHARUAN
Subject: Name of the course: B. Sc. (Non Medical) L T P C

Probability and Total Contact Hours : 45 Hours

3 1 0 3.5
Statistics
Applicable To: B. Sc. (Non Medical)

Paper code: Prerequisite: The candidate must have

studied Mathematics Subject up to B. Sc. Semester-V
SMT-304 IInd year

Marks-100

Internal-40 External-60

Course Objective

 The course attempts to address the specific topics relevant to Mathematics.

 The focus is on the basic concepts with introduction of some advanced topics and
applications in the area of Mathematics
Unit Course Outcome:-Students will

Understand the concept of probability, Random Variable,

1.
Get knowledge about discrete random variable, continuous random variable.

Get knowledge about probability distribution, testing of hypothesis.

2.
Get knowledge about conditional probability and Baye’s theorem

Understand the important bi-variate random variable, functions of random variable

3.
Understand the essential concepts mathematical expectations
Unit -I

Notion of probability: [3 Hours]

Random experiment, sample space, axiom of probability, elementary properties of probability,
equally likely outcome problems.
Random Variables : [4 Hours]
Concept, cumulative distribution function, discrete and continuous random variables,
expectations, mean, variance, moment generating function.
Discrete random variable : [4 Hours]
Bernoulli random variable, binomial random variable, generic random variable, Poisson random
variable.
Continuous random variables: [4 Hours]
Uniform random variable, exponential random variable, Gamma random variable, normal
random variable.
Unit -II
Probability Distribution: [3 Hours]
Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution
Testing of Hypothesis: [3 Hours]
Chi-test and t-test, F-test
Conditional Probability & Baye's theorem: [9 Hours]
Conditional probability and conditional expectations, Baye's theorem, independence, computing
expectation by conditioning, some applications–a list model, a random graph, Paly's urn model.

Unit –III

Bivariate random variables: [5 Hours]

Joint distribution joint and conditional distributions, the correlation coefficient
Functions of random variable: [5 Hours]
Sum of random variables. The law of large numbers and central limit theorem, the approximation
of distributions.
Mathematical Expectation: [5 Hours]
Skewness, Kurtosis, Moments
Recommended Text Books:

1. Ross S. M., Introduction to Probability Models, Edition 6th 1997, Academic Press.
2. Pitman J., Probability, Narosa.
3. Spiegel Murray R., Schiller John J., R. Alu Srinivasan , 3rd edition ,Schaum Series.

Reference Books:

1. Blake I., An Introduction to Applied Probability, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Yagolam A. M. and Yagolam I. M.: Probability and Information, Hindustan Publishing Corporation,
Delhi, 1983.
Instructions for the paper-setter:

Please go through these instructions thoroughly and follow the same pattern while setting the

paper as the students have been prepared according to this format.

Maximum Marks = 60 Time: 3 Hours

Weightage per unit = 20 marks (excluding over attempt weightage)

1. Question Paper will consist of ten questions.

2. Section A of question paper is compulsory, containing five parts each of 2 marks covering
the whole syllabus ( total 10 marks)
3. Section B,C,D contains 9 questions from Unit I,II,III respectively . Attempt any five
question from Section B,C,D taking at least one question from each section is to be attempted
and also not more than two question from Section-B,C,D. (total 50 marks).
 Probability & Statistics
Subject Code SMT-304
Objectives:

To enable students to apply statistics and probability in various problems of engineering, Agriculture
and Medicine, etc.

Subject Outcome
The student will be able to
1. Understand the concept of probability, Random Variable and get knowledge about
discrete random variable and continuous random variable.
2. Get knowledge about probability distribution, testing of hypothesis. Get knowledge
about conditional probability and Baye’s theorem
3. Understand the important bi-variate random variable, functions of random variable and
Understand the essential concepts mathematical expectations
4. understand the concept of statistics and probability and they can solve the problems
related to sampling.

Applications:

The application of probability in the real life is realibility the consumer products like
automobiles, electronic devices, utilize the realibility theory in the design of the product in
order to reduce the probability of failure.

To find the solution of blurring image using blurring formulas.

 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES

Semester: 5th (B.Sc. Non Medical)
Course Course Title Course Coordinator Lectu Tuto Prac Cr
Code res rials
SMT-304 Probability & Statistics Mr. Parveen Tyagi 3 1 0 3.5

TextBooks
Sr No Title Author Edition Year Publisher Name
T-1 Introduction to Probability Ross S. M. 6nth 1997 Academic Press
Models

T-2 Probability Pitman J 2nd 1996 Narosa

T-3 Probability & Statistics Spiegel Murray 3rd 2000 Schaum Series
R., Schiller John
J., R. Alu
Srinivasan

Reference Books
Sr No Title Author Edition Year Publisher Name
R-1 An Introduction to Blake I., 3rd 2000 John Wiley & Sons
Applied Probability

R-2 Probability and Yagolam A. M. 4th 1983 Hindustan Publishing Corporation,

Information and Yagolam I. Delhi

Schedule No. of Weeks No. of Scheduled Lectures: No. of Scheduled Tutorials

Weeks before 1st MST 6 18 0
Weeks before 2nd MST 6 18 0
Weeks after2ndMST 4 12 0
Total 16 48 0
 Detailed Plan for Lectures

Week Lecture Broad Topic Chapters Othe Lecture Learning Outcomes Pedagogic
/Sections r Description al Tool
No. No. (Sub Topic) of Read Demonstr
Text/refe ings, ation/
rence Relev Case
books ant Study /
Webs Images /
ites, animation
Audi / ppt etc.
o Planned
Visua
l
Aids,
softw
Lecture Introduction to T1 are
Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
1 Probability and and
S. M. Probability about Probability Lecture
Statistics Virtu
al
Lecture Random T1 Ross Discussion on Sample space of Board/
Labs
2 experiment S. M. random random experiment Lecture
Ist and sample experiment

Lecture space
Axioms and T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
3 properties of S. M. Axioms of Axioms & properties Lecture
probability probability of probability

Lecture Equally likely T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/

4 outcome S. M. equally likely about the equally Lecture
problems events likely events

2nd Lecture Cumulative T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will know Board/

5 distribution an J c.d.f (discrete) about the concept of Lecture
function cdf for discrete r.v
discrete r.v
Lecture Cumulative T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will know Board/
6 distribution an J c.d.f (cont.) about the concept of Lecture
function cdf for cont. r.v
continuous
Lecture Expectations,
r.v T2 Pitm Discussion on Knowledge about the Board/
7 mean, an J Expectation, concept and solve Lecture
3rd mean and problems on
variance
Lecture Moment T3 Spiege variance
Discussion on expectation
Knowledge about Board/
8 generating l m.g.f m.g.f Lecture
function Murra
Lecture Bernoulli T3 Spiege
y
Discussion on Knowledge about Board/
9 random l Bernoulli random Bernoulli random Lecture
variable variable. variable
Murra
Lecture Binomial T3 Spiege
y Discussion on Knowledge about Board/
10 random l Binomial r.v Binomial r.v Lecture
variable
Murra
y
 Lecture Generic T3 Spiege Discussion on Knowledge about Board/
11 random l generic r.v generic r.v Lecture
4th variable
Lecture Poisson T3 Spiege
Murra Discussion on Knowledge about Board/
12 random ly Poisson r.v Poisson r.v Lecture
Lecture variable.
Uniform T3 Spiege Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
Murra
13 random variable ly uniform and uniform and Lecture
& exponential exponential r.v exponential r.v
Murra
random variable
5th Lecture Gamma random T3 ySpiege Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
4th 14 variable gamma r.v gamma r.v Lecture
l
Lecture Normal random T3 Spiege
Murra Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
15 variable ly Normal r.v problems normal r.v Lecture
Murra
Lecture Binomial T3 Spiege
y
Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
16 Distribution Binomial Binomial Lecture
l
Distribution Distribution
Murra
6th Lecture Poisson T3 Spiege
y Discussion on Student are able to Board/
17 Distribution Poisson understand the Lecture
l
Distribution concept Poisson
Murra Distribution
Lecture Normal T3 ySpiege Discussion on Student are able to Board/
18 Distribution Normal understand the Lecture
l
Distribution concept Normal
Murra Distribution
y MST1

76th Lecture Chi-test T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will able to Board/

19 Chi-test solve problems on Lecture
an J
chi-test

Lecture t-test T2 Pitm Discussion on t- Students will able to Board/

20 an J test solve problems on t- Lecture
test

Lecture F-test T1 Ross Discussion on F- Students will able to Board/

21 S. M. test solve problems on Lecture
F-test

8th Lecture Surprise Test F-Test

22

Lecture Conditional T1 Ross Discussion on Students will able to Board/

23 probability S. M. Conditional solve problems on Lecture
probability Conditional
concept probability
Lecture Conditional T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
24 expectations S. M. conditional about the Lecture
expectations conditional
expectations
9th Lecture Baye's T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
25 theorem S. M. Baye's theorem about the concept Lecture
Baye's theorem
Lecture Baye's T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will know Board/
26 theorem, an J problems on about solving Lecture
Baye’s Theorem Baye’s theorem
Lecture independenc T2 Pitm Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
27 e, computing an J independence independence and Lecture
10th Lecture List model
expectation T2 Pitm Discussion on
and expectation Knowledge
expectation of List Board/
28 by an J List model model Lecture
Lecture Random
conditioning T1 Ross Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
29 graph S. M. Random graph Random graph Lecture
Lecture Paly's urn T1 Ross Discussion on Knowledge of Board/
30 model S. M. Paly's urn model Paly's urn model Lecture

11th Lecture Conditional T1 Ross Discussion on Knowledge of Board/

31 Expectation S. M. Conditional Conditional Lecture
Expectation Expectation

Lecture Bivariate T2 Pitm Discussion on Knowledge of Board/

32 Probability an J Bivariate Bivariate Lecture
Distribution Probability Probability
Lecture Joint T2 Pitm Distribution
Discussion on Distribution
Knowledge of Joint Board/
33 distribution an J Joint distribution for Lecture
for discrete distribution for discrete r.v
12th Lecture r.v
Joint T2 Pitm discrete r.v
Discussion on Knowledge of Joint
34 distribution an J Joint distribution for
for discrete distribution for discrete r.v
r.v discrete r.v
Lecture Joint T2 Pitm Discussion on Knowledge of Joint Board/
35 distribution an J Joint distribution for Lecture
for continous distribution for continous r.v
r.v continous r.v
Lecture Joint T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will know
36 conditional an J Joint conditional about Joint
distributions distributions conditional
distributions
MST-2
13th Lecture Correlation T2 Pitm Discussion on Students will know Board/
37 coefficient an J problems on about correlation Lecture
correlation coefficient
coefficient
Lecture Sum of T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
38 random S. M. Sum of random about Sum of Lecture
variables variables random variables
theorem
 Lecture The law of T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
39 large numbers S. M. The law of large about The law of Lecture
numbers large numbers

14th Lecture Central limit T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
40 theorem S. M. Central limit about Central limit Lecture
theorem theorem theorem

Lecture Central limit T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/

41 theorem S. M. problems on about solving Lecture
Central limit Central limit
theorem theorem
Lecture The T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
42 approximation S. M. problems on the about the Lecture
of approximation of approximation of
distributions. distributions. distributions.
15th Lecture Skewness T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
43 S. M. problems on about Skewness Lecture
Skewness
Lecture Kurtosis T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/
44 S. M. problems on about Kurtosis Lecture
Kurtosis
Lecture Surprise Test Skewness and
45 Kurtosis

16th Lecture Moments T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/

46 S. M. Moments about Moments Lecture

Lecture Moments T1 Ross Discussion on Students will know Board/

47 S. M. Moments about Moments Lecture

Lecture Revision/ Doubt Session

48
 Schedule of Assignment

Assignment Date of Last date of Content of Assignment (Assignment to be allotted

No. Allotment Submission group-wise)

01 17.08.2018 20.09.2018 Random experiment, sample G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-
Covering space, axiom & elementary 9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 ,
Unit-1 G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21
properties of probability, G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-27,
equally likely outcome G10:Q28-30
problems. Concept, cdf,
discrete and continuous r.v’s,
expectations, mean, variance,
mgf. Bernoulli , binomial
,generic, Poisson, Uniform,
exponential, Gamma, normal
random variables
02 25.09.2018 22.10.2018 Binomial, Poisson and G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-
Covering Normal Distribution 9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 ,
Unit-2 G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21
Chi-test and t-test, F-test G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-27,
Conditional probability and G10:Q28-30
conditional expectations,
Baye's theorem,
independence, computing
expectation by conditioning,
some applications–a list
model, a random graph, Paly's
urn model
03 22.10.2018 12.11.2018 Bivariate random variables, G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-
Functions of random variable, 9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 ,
Covering G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21
Unit-3 Skewness, Kurtosis, G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-27,
Moments G10:Q28-30
 Details of Academic Task(s)

AT No. Objective Topic of the Academic Nature Evaluatio Allot Date of

Task of n Mode ment uploading
Academ / of Model
ic Task Answer
(group/i submission Sheet on
ndividu Week UIMS/
als/ Notice
MST-1 To check the All subtopics included in Individual Step Within week Within
Board with
analytical and Instruction Plan from field Marking twomarking
days
conceptual Lecture-1 to 15. work scheme
ability of
students (Complete Unit-1)
related to
Probability
MST-2 To test the All subtopics included in Individual Step Within week Within
knowledge the Instruction Plan from Marking. two days
Lecture-16 to 36
(Complete Unit-II)
Assignment Probability, Complete Unit-1 Individual Step Within Within two days
No.-1 cdf, discrete Marking week
(Element-1) and cont.
r.v’s,
expectations
mgf.
Assignment Probability (Complete Unit-II) Individual Step Within Within two days
No.-2 Distribution, Marking week
Testing of
Hypothesis,
Conditional
Probability
& Baye's
theorem
Assignment Bivariate r.v’s , (Complete Unit-III) Individual Step Within Within two days
No.-3 Functions ofr.v, Marking week
Skewness,
Kurtosis,
Moments
Element-2 To evaluate Any topic Individual Step Within Within two days
the students Marking week
Surprise at any time
Tests (02) of point to
check how
much
students
learn
Element-3 Quiz All Units I, II, III Individual By As per As Per schedule
Software schedule of of CU
CU
 Plan for Tutorial: (Please do not use these time slots for syllabus coverage)
Tutorial No. Lecture Topic Type of pedagogical tool(s) planned

(case analysis,problem solving test,role play,business

Tutorial 1 Random Variable, Continous and Review
game of analytical concepts
etc)
Discrete r.v
Tutorial 2 Elementary Properites of Probability Problem solving
Tutorial 3 CDF of Continous and Discrete r.v Problem solving

Tutorial 4 Bernoulli, Binomial, Poission variable Review of analytical concepts

Tutorial 5 Uniform, Gamma variable Problem solving

Tutorial 6 Normal and geometric variable Review of analytical concepts

MST1

Tutorial 7 Binomial and Poission Problem solving

Distribution
Tutorial 8 Normal Distribution Problem solving

Tutorial 9 Chi- Test Problem solving

Tutorial 10 t-Test Problem solving

Tutorial 11 F-test Problem solving

Tutorial 12 Baye’s Theorem Problem solving

MST2

Tutorial 13 Joint Distribution function Review of analytical concepts

Tutorial 14 Conditional Joint Distribution Problem solving

Tutorial 15 Central Limit Thm, Law of large Review of analytical concepts

numbers
Tutorial 16 Skewness and Kurtosis Problem solving

Signature of Course Coordinator

E-Code:

Signature of HoD with Stamp

 UNIT-1
Assignment-1
{G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 , G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21 G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-
27, G10:Q28-30}
1. Define the following terms:
(i) Trial and Event (ii) Exhaustive Events (iii) Favourable Events

2. Define Probability both in classical and Empirical form

3. Prove (a) P ( )  0 (b) P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B)  P( A  B)

4. (a) Prove that, If B  A , then (i) P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B) (ii) P ( B )  P ( A)

(b) Prove that

P( A  B  C )  P( A)  P( B)  P(C )  P( A  B)  P( B  C )  P( A  C )  P( A  B  C )

5. A random variable x has the following probability function;

Value of x : -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) : 0.1 k o.2 2k 0.3 k
Find the value of k and calculate mean and variance

6. The odds that a book will be favourably reviewed by three independent critics are 5 to
2, 4 to 2 and 3 to 4 respectively. What is the probability that, of the three reviews, a majority
will be favourable?

7. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; B 3 times 4 shots ; C twice in 3 shots. They fire a
volley. What is the probability that atleast two shots hit?

8. The diameter of an electric cable is assumed to be a continuous variate with pdf f(x) =
6x(1-x), 0  x  1. Verify that the above is p.d.f. Also, find the mean and variance.

9. Define the following terms:

(i) Mutually Exclusive Events (ii) Equally likely events (iii) Independent and dependent events

10. Prove (a) P ( A)  1  P( A) (b) P( A  B)  P( B)  P( A  B)

11. For any two events A and B, prove that P( A  B)  P( A)  P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B)

12. For two events A and B, let P(A)=0.4, P(B)=p and P( A  B)  0.6

(i) Find p so that A and B are independent events.

(ii) For what value of p are A and B are mutually exclusive?

13. An urn containing 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn contains 3 white and 5 black
balls. Two balls are drawn from the first urn and put into the second urn and then a ball is drawn from
the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?
 14. The probabilities of A, B, C solving a problem are 1/3 , 2/7 and 3/8 respectively. If all the three
try to solve the problem simultaneously, find the probability that exactly one of them will solve it.

15. Find the standard deviation of the following discrete distribution:

X : 8 12 16 20 24

P(x) : 1/8 1/6 3/8 1/4 1/12

16. Five defective bulbs are accidently mixed with twenty good ones. It is not possible to just look
at a bulb and tell whether or not it is defective. Find the probability distribution of the number of
defective bulbs, if four bulbs are drawn at random from this lot.

17. Let X be a binomial variable based on n repetitions. Then

P( X  k ) n C k p k (1  p) n  k , k  0, 1, 2 ......, n

18. Define (i) Discrete random variable (ii) Continous random variable and (iii) Cumulative
distribution function

19. Suppose that X is a continuous random variable with pdf

2 x, 0  x  1
f ( x)  
 0 , elsewhere

Hence Evaluate cdf and plot it graphically.

20. A continuous random variable X has p.d.f f ( x)  3x 2 , 0  x  1. Find a such that

(i) P{ X  a}  P{ X  a} (ii) P{ X  b}  0.05

21. Define Cumulative distribution function. Discuss its various properties.

22. Let X be a random variable having density function f(x) =cx, 0≤x≤2 and f(x)=0
elsewhere. Find (a) value of c (b) P(0.5<X<1.5) (c) P(X>1)(d) distribution function.

0, x  100

23. The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the pdf f(x)= 100
 x 2 , x  100.
Find
(i) the distribution function F(x) (ii) the probability that the life of tube is 150 hours (iii) the
probability that the life of tube is more than 150 hours

24. The following tables gives the number of days in a 50 day period during which automobile
accidents occurred in a city
No. of accidents 0 1 2 3 4
No. of days 21 18 7 3 1
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data.
25. Define Gamma distribution. Find the limiting form of Gamma distribution.

26. Define Poisson distribution. Show that it is limiting form of Binomial distribution.

27. Show that for a binomial distribution mean =np, Variance=npq and standard deviation= npq

28. The no. of telephone calls arriving on an internal switch board of an office is 90 per hour. Find
the prob. that at the most 1 to 3 calls in a minute on the board arrive.

29. A manufacturer who produces medicine bottles, find that 0.1% of the bottles are defectives. The
bottles are packed in boxes containing 500 bottles. A drug manufacturer bys 100 boxes from the producer
of bottles. Using Poisson distribution , find how many boxes will contain:
No defectives (ii) atleast two defectives

30. If X is uniformly distributed with mean 1 and variance 4/3. Find P(X<0).

Tutorial Sheet-1

Q.1. The contents of urns I, II and III are as follows:

• 1 white, 2 blacks and 3 red balls,

• 2 white, 1 black and 1 red balls and

• 4 white, 5 black and 3 red balls.

One urn is chosen at random and two balls drawn. They happen to be white and red.
What is the probability that they come from urns I, II and III ?

Q.2. From a box containing 7 red balls ,5 green balls and 3 blue balls. 3 balls are drawn one after
the other. What is the probability of drawing red ball in the first draw, blue ball in the second draw
and green ball in the 3rd draw?

Q.3. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; B 3 times 4 shots; C twice in 3 shots. They fire a volley.
What is the probability that at least two shots hit?

Q.4. Out of 800 families with 5 children each. How many would you expect to have

• 3 boys

• 5 girls

• Either 2 or 3 boys

Assume equal probability for boys and girls.

Q.5. A die is tossed once, if the random variable is getting an even number denoted by y, find the
probability distribution of y.
Q6. Define Moment generating function. If X1, X 2 ,....., X n are independent random
variables, then prove that m.g.f of their sum X1  X 2  .....  X n is given by
M X 1  X 2 .....  X n (t )  M X 1 (t ).M X 2 (t ).......M X n (t )

Q7. Let X1, X 2 ,......, X n be n random variables then

n  n n n
V  ai X i    ai2V ( X i )  2 ai a jCov( X i , X j )
 i 1  i 1 i 1 j 1

Q8. A coin is tossed until a head appears. What is the expectation of the number of tosses required?

Q9. Find probability distribution of boys and girls in families with 3 children, assuming
equal probabilities for boys and girls. Also find distribution function.

Q10. Two unbiased dice are thrown. Find the expected values of the sum of numbers of points on
them.

Tutorial Sheet-2

Q.1. From a box containing 7 red balls ,5 green balls and 3 blue balls. 3 balls are drawn one after the
other. What is the probability of drawing red ball in the first draw, blue ball in the second draw and
green ball in the 3rd draw ?
a). If ball is replaced back after each draw.
b). If ball is not replaced back after each draw

Q.2. A fair coin is tossed six times. Find the probability of getting
a) Exactly 2 heads (b) Atleast 4 heads
(c) No head (d) At least 1 head

Q.3. A, B, C in order throw a coin. The first to throw a head wins. If A starts, find their respective
chances of winning.

Q.4. During war 1 ship out of 9 was sunk on an average in making a certain voyage. What was the
probability that exactly three out of 6 ships would arrive safely.

Q.5. A student is given a true false test examination with 8 questions. If he corrects at least 7 questions
he passes. Find the probability that he will pass given that he guesses all questions.

Q6. Find variance of Gamma distribution.

Q7. Find variance of Uniform distribution.

Q8. If X is uniformly distributed with mean 1 and variance 4/3. Find P(X<0).

Q9. If X is a normal variate with mean 30 and standard deviation 5. Find the probabilities that
(i) 26  X  40 (ii ) X  30  5

Q10. Prove that the geometric mean G of the distribution dF  6(2  x)(c  1)dx,1  x  2 is
given by 6 log( 16G)  19
 (Sample) UID: _____________

Chandigarh University, Gharuan

1st Hourly Test (Aug. – 2018)
Course : B.Sc Non-Medical Semester: 5th
Subject : Probability & Statistics Sub. Code: SMT 304
Time Allowed: 1 Hour Maximum Marks : 36
Note: Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any Two question from Section-B

Section – A (2 Marks Each)

Q. 1 Describe a discrete and continuous probability distributions with an

(a) example.

(b) A continuous random variable X has p.d.f f ( x)  3x2 , 0  x  1. Find a

such that
P{ X  a}  P{ X  a}

(c) In throw a pair of dice, if the sum(X) represents a discrete random variable.
Then find a mean (or expected ) value of X.

Section – B (15 Marks Each)

Q. 2 A random variable x has the following probability function;

Value of x : -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) : 0.1 k o.2 2k 0.3 k
Find the value of k and calculate mean and variance.
Q. 3 The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the pdf f(x)=
0, x  100

100 Find (i) the distribution function F(x) (ii) the probability
 x 2 , x  100 .

that the life of tube is 150 hours (iii) the probability that the life of tube is
more than 150 hours

Q.4 A manufacturer who produces medicine bottles, find that 0.1% of the bottles are
defectives. The bottles are packed in boxes containing 500 bottles. A drug
manufacturer bys 100 boxes from the producer of bottles. Using Poisson
distribution , find how many boxes will contain:
No defectives (ii) atleast two defectives
 UNIT-II

Assignment-2
{G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 , G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21 G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-
27, G10:Q28-30}

Q1 The probability that a man aged 60 will live to be 70 is 0.65. What is the probability that a out
of 10 men aged 60 now, atleast 7 would live to be 70.
Q2 The avg. no. of suicides per week in a city is 1.5. Find the prob. that there will be 5 or more
suicides in one month (4 weeks).
Q3 The no. of telephone calls arriving on an internal switch board of an office is 90 per hour. Find
the prob. that at the most 1 to 3 calls in a minute on the board arrive.
Q4 In a Normal distribution 31% items are under 45 and 8% items are over 64. Find the mean value
(µ) and standard deviation (σ) of the distribution.
Q5 Show that for a binomial distribution mean =np, Variance=npq and standard deviation= npq
Q6 Eight coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least six heads.

Q7 Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data

X: 0 1 2 3 4
f: 192 100 24 3 1
Q8 Chance of certain manufactured component of a machine being defective is 0.002. The
components are in packet of 10. Find the no. of packets containing no defective, one defective &
two defective items resp. in a consignment of 5000 packets.
Q9 Fit a Binomial distribution to the following data
X: 0 1 2 3 4
f: 192 100 24 3 1
Q10. The mean weight of 500 students at certain college is151 lb & the standard deviation is 15
lb. Assuming that the weights are normally distributed, find how many students weigh (a)
between 120 & 155 lb , (b) more than 185 lb.
Q11.
Seven coins are tossed and no. of heads are noted .The experiment is repeated 128 times and the
following distribution is obtained.
No.of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
heads
Freq. 7 6 19 35 30 23 7 1 128
Fit a Binomial Distribution.

Q12. Define (i) F- Distribution (ii)  2 -Distribution.

Q13. Samples are of two types of electric light bulbs were tested for length of life and
following data were obtained
Sample No. Type I Type II
Sample Means n1  8 n2  7
Sample S.D’s x1  1234 hrs x2  1036 hrs
Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type 1 is superior to type II
regarding length of life.
Q14. What are the physical conditions of a Poisson distribution? Also show that Poisson
distribution is the limiting form of Binomial distribution.

Q15. If X is a normal variate with mean 30 and standard deviation 5. Find the probabilities
that (i) 26  X  40 (ii ) X  30  5

Q16. Define normal a distribution. Describe its various properties.

Q17. In a Normal distribution 31% items are under 45 and 8% items are over 64. Find the
mean value (µ) and standard deviation (σ) of the distribution

Q18. The mean yield for one acre plot is 662 kilos with s.d. 32 kilos. Assuming normal
distribution , how many one acre plots in a batch of 1000 plots would you expect to have
yield (i) over 700 kilos (ii) below 650 kilos, and (iii) what is the lowest yield of the best
100 plots?

Q19. The two random samples reveal the following data:

Sample No. Size Mean Variance
I 16 440 40
II 25 460 42
Examine whether the samples have been drawn from normal population having the same
variance.

Q20. Out of all the graduate students in a University, 70% are women and 30% are men.
Suppose that 20% and 25% of the female and male population respectively smoke cigarettes.
What is the probability that a randomly selected graduate student is (i) A woman who smoke
(ii) A man who smoke (iii) A smoker

Q21. The household net expenditure on health care in two samples, expressed as percentage
of total income is shown as
South 15.0 8.0 3.8 6.4 27.4 19.0 35.3 13.6
North 18.8 23.1 10.3 8.0 18.0 10.2 15.2 19.0 20.2
Test the equality of variances of households net expenditure on health care in south and
north India.

Q22. The nine items of a sample have the following values

45,47,50,52,48,47,49,53,51

Does the mean of these values differ significantly from the assumed mean 47.5?

Q23. The following gives the number of aircraft accidents that occur during the various days
of a week. Find whether the accidents are uniformly distributed over the week

Day: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Sat

 No. of accidents: 12 18 19 8 16 11 7

Q24. In a hospital 475 female and 525 male babies were born in a week. Do these figures
confirm the hypothesis that males and females are born in equal number.

Q25. The height of six randomly chosen sailors in inches are 63,65,68,69,71 and 72. Those
of nine randomly chosen soldiers are 61,62,65,66,69,70,71,72 and 73. Test whether the sailor
are on the average taller than soldiers.

Q26. The theory predicts the proportion of beans in the four groups G1,G2,G3,G4 should be
in the ratio 9:3:3:1. In an experiment with 1600 beans the numbers in the four groups were
882,313,287,118. Does the experimental result support the theory?

Q27. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data:

Xi: 0 1 2 3 4
Fi: 30 62 46 10 2

Q28. The mean yield for 1 acre plot is 662 kg with S.D. of 32 kg. Assuming normal
distribution, how many 1 acre plots in a batch of 1000 plots expect to yield:

a) Over 700 kg
b) Below 650 kg

Q29. Determine the value of z such that

a) Area to the right of z is 0.2266

b) Area to the left of z is 0.0314

Q30. A distributor of bean seeds determines from extensive tests that 5% of large batch of
seeds will not germinate. He sells the seeds in packet of 200 and guarantees 90% germination.
Determine the probability that a particular packet will violate the guarantee.
 Tutorial Sheet- 1

1. If the Poisson distribution is 2. Find the probabilities for r = 1,2,3,4 from the recurrence
relation of the Poisson distribution.
2. Let X be a normal random variable with mean 10 and variance 16, find P(X≥7) and
P(0<X<2).
3. A sample of 400 items is taken from a normal population whose mean is 4 and whose
variance is 4, if the sample mean is 4.45. Can the sample be regarded as a truly random
sample.
4. Fit a binomial distribution for the following data:
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
f: 2 14 20 34 22 8
5. Find the area A under the normal curve
a) Corresponding to z ≥2.16 b) Corresponding to -0.80<z≤1.53
c) To the left of z = -2.52 and right of z = 1.83
6. Find the area A under the normal curve
a) to the left of z = -1.78 b) To the left of z = 0.56 c) To the right of z = -1.45
7. The avg. no. of suicides per week in a city is 1.5. Find the prob. that there will be 5 or more
suicides in one month (4 weeks).
8. The no. of telephone calls arriving on an internal switch board of an office is 90 per hour. Find
the prob. that at the most 1 to 3 calls in a minute on the board arrive.
9. In a book of 520 pages, 390 typo-graphical errors occur. Assuming Poisson law for the number
of errors per page, find the probability that a random sample of 5 pages will contain no error.
10. A and B play a game in which their chances of winning are in the ratio 3 : 2. Find A’s chance of
winning at least three games out of the five games played.

Tutorial Sheet-2

1. Records taken of the number of male and female births in 800 families having 4 children
are as follows:

No of male births: 0 1 2 3 4

No. of female births: 4 3 2 1 0

No. of families: 32 178 290 236 64

Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the binomial law holds and the
chance of male births is equal to that of female birth, namely p=q=1/2.

2. The marks obtained by a group of 9 regular course students and another group of 11
part time course students in a test are given below:

Regular: 56 62 63 54 60 51 67 69 58

Part time:62 70 71 62 60 56 75 64 72 68 66
 Examine whether the marks obtained by regular students and part time students differ
significantly at 5% and 1% level of significance.

3. An ambulance service company claims that on an average takes 20 minutes between a

call for an ambulance and the patients arrival at the hospital. If in 6 calls the time taken
(Between a call & arrival at hospital) are 27, 18, 26,15, 20, 32. Can the company’s claim be
accepted.

4. 325 men out of 600 chosen from a big city were found to be smokers. Does this
information support the conclusion that the majority of men in the city are smokers.

5. From the following two sample values find out whether they have come from the same
population:

Sample 1: 17 27 18 25 27 29 27 23 17

Sample 2: 16 16 20 16 20 17 15 21

6. A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 cms, and s.d 2.61 cms. Is the sample from a large
population of mean 3.25 cms and s.d 2.61 cms?

7. Prices of shares of a company on different days in a month were found to be :

66, 65, 69, 70, 69,71, 70, 63, 64 and 68

Discuss whether the mean price of shares in month is 65.

8. The following figures refer to observations in live independent samples.

Sample 25 30 28 34 24 20 13 32 22 38
1

Sample 40 34 22 20 31 40 30 23 36 17
2
Analyse whether the samples have been drawn from the population of equal means.

9. From the following table regarding the colour of eyes of fathers and sons test if the colour of
son’s eye is associated with that of the father.
Eye colour of son
Eye colour of father Light Not Light
Light 471 51
Not Light 148 230
10. A normal population has a mean of 6.8 and standard deviation of 1.5. A sample of 400 members
gave a mean of 6.75. Is the difference significant?
 (Sample) UID: _____________
Chandigarh University, Gharuan
2nd Hourly Test (Oct. – 2018)
Course : B.Sc Non-Medical Semester: 5th
Subject : Probability & Statistics Sub. Code: SMT 304
Time Allowed: 1 Hour Maximum Marks : 36
Note: Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any Two question from Section-B
Section – A (2 Marks Each)

Q. 1 Six coins are tossed 6400 times. Using the Poisson distribution, find the
approximate probability of getting six heads r times.
(a)
(b) Find Moment generating function of Binomial Distribution
(c) What is Goodness of fit test?

Section – B (15 Marks Each)

Q. 2 In a distribution exactly normal, 7% of the the items are under 35 and 89% are
under 63. What are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution?
Q. 3 Seven coins are tossed and no. of heads are noted .The experiment is repeated 128
times and the following distribution is obtained.
No.of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
heads

Freq. 7 6 19 35 30 23 7 1 128

Fit a Binomial Distribution

Q.4 The two random samples reveal the following data:
Sample No. Size Mean Variance
I 16 440 40
II 25 460 42
Examine whether the samples have been drawn from normal population having
the same variance.
 UNIT-3
Assignment-3
{G1:Q1-3 , G2: Q4-6, G3: Q7-9, G4: Q10-12, G5: Q13-15 , G6:Q16-18 , G7: Q19-21 G8:Q22-24, G9:Q25-
27, G10:Q28-30}
Q1. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by
2 ; 0  x  1, 0  y  x
f ( x, y)  
 0, elsewhere
(i) Find the marginal density function of X and Y
(ii) Find conditional density function of Y given X  x and of X for given Y  y
Q2. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by
 1
f ( x, y )   8
6  x  y  ; 0  x  2 , 2  y  4
 0, elsewhere
Find (i) P X  1  Y  3 (ii) P( X  Y  3)
Q3. If X and Y are two random variables having the joint density function

f ( x, y ) 
1
2 x  y  , where x and y can assume only the integer values 0, 1 and 2. Find the
27
conditional distribution of Y for X  x
Q4. If X and Y are random variables then E(X+Y) = E(X) + E(Y) provided all the expectations exist.
Q5. The joint density function of two random variables X and Y is given by
 xy
 0  x  1, 1  y  5
f ( x, y )   96
 0 otherwise

Find (a) E(X) (b) E(XY)

8 xy,0  x  y  1
Q6. Let f ( x, y )   .
0, elsewhere

Find (i) E (Y / X  x ) (ii) E ( XY / X  x ) (iii) E (Y / X  x) .

Q7. Let X and Y be a random variables having joint density function f(x,y)=4xy, 0≤x≤1,
0≤y≤1 and f(x,y)=0 elsewhere. Find (i) E(X) (ii) E(Y) (iii) E(X+Y) (iv) E(XY).
8 xy,0  x  1, 0  y  x
Q8. Let f ( x, y)   .
0, elsewhere

Find (i) marginal density of X (ii) marginal density of Y (iii) conditional density of X (iv)
conditional density of Y

Q9. State and Prove law of large numbers.

Q10. Given f ( x, y)  e( x y ) ; 0  x   , 0  y   . Find (i) P ( X  1) (ii) P( X  Y X  2Y )

(iii) P (1  X  Y  2)
Q11. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by
91  x  y 
f ( x, y)  ; 0  x   , 0  y   . Find the marginal distributions of X and Y ,
2(1  x) 4 (1  y ) 4
and the conditional distribution of Y for X=x.

Q12. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by

2  x  y ; 0  x  1, 0  y  1
f ( x, y )  
 0, elsewhere
Find (i) the marginal density function of X and Y (ii) conditional density function of Y given
X  x and of X for given Y  y (iii) Var(X) and Var(Y) (iv) Co-variance between X and Y

Q13. A coin is tossed until a head appears. What is the expectation of the number of tosses
required?

2e2 x x  0
Q14. A random variable X has density function given by f ( x)  
0 x0
Find (i) m.g.f (ii) first four moments about origin

Q15. (a) Find the moment generating function of a random variable X having density function
x / 2 0  x  2
f ( x)  
 0 otherwise

(b) Use the generating function of (a) to find the first four moments about the origin

Q16. A box contains 'a' white and 'b' black balls. 'c' balls are drawn. Find the expected value
of the number of white balls drawn.

Q17. State and prove central limit theorem.

Q18. Discuss the relation between CLT and WLLN.

Q19. Examine whether the weak law of large numbers holds for the sequence { X k } of
independent random variables defined as follows:

P[ X k  2 k ]  2  ( 2 k 1)

P[ X k  0]  1  2 2 k

Q20. Let X 1 , X 2 ,........, X n be jointly normal with E ( X i )  0 and E( X i 2 )  1 for all i and
Cov( X i , X j )   if j  i  1 and =0, otherwise. Examine if WLLN holds for the
sequence { X n }.

Q21. If the variable X p assumes the value 2 p 2 log p with probability 2  p ; p  1,2,......., examine if
the law of large numbers holds in this case.
Q22. Find the first four moments of Binomial Distribution.

Q23. Find the first four moments of Poisson distribution.

Q24. Deduce the first four moments about the mean of the Poisson distribution from those of the
Binomial distribution.

Q25. What do you understand by skewness? How is it measured? Distinguish clearly, by giving
figures, between positive and negative skewness?

Q26. Compute Karl’s Pearson coefficient of skewness of the following data

Class 130-134 135-139 140-144 145-149 150-159 150-159 160-164

Interval
Freq. 3 12 21 28 19 12 5

Q27. Find out the kurtosis of the data given below:

Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40

Frequecy 1 3 4 2

Q28. Calculate the first four moments of the following distribution about the mean and hence
find  1 and  2 .

X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

F: 1 8 28 36 70 56 28 8 1

Q29. The first four moments of a distribution about the value 4 of the variable are -1.5, 17,-30
and 108. Find the moments about mean,  1 and  2 .

Q30. The first four moments of a distribution about the value 5 of the variable are 2, 20, 40 and
50. Find the moments about mean,  1 and  2 .
 Tutorial Sheet -1

x 1
Q1 If X is a random Variable having the p.d.f f ( x)  ,  1  x  1 . Find E(X) and V(X).
2
Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q7. The joint density function of two random variables X and Y is given by
 xy
 0  x  1, 1  y  5
f ( x, y )   96
 0 otherwise

Find (a) E(X) (b) E(XY)

Q8. If X is the number scored in a throw of a fair die, show that the chebychev’s inequality gives
P X    2.5  0.47 where  is mean of X.

Q9. If X and Y are two random variables having the joint density function f ( x, y ) 
1
2 x  y  ,
27
where x and y can assume only the integer values 0, 1 and 2. Find the conditional distribution of Y for
X x
Q10. For Geometric distribution p( x)  2 x ; x  1,2,3.... Prove that Chebyshev’s inequality

gives P x  2  2  while the actual probability is

1 15
2 16
 Tutorial Sheet-2

Q1 The probability density function of two random variables (X , Y ) is given by

2, 0  x  y  1
f ( x, y)  
0, elsewhere
Find the conditional mean and variance of X and Y=y

Q2 A random sample X has mean 50 and variance 100. Use Chebyshev’s inequality to
obtain appropriate bounds for (i) P( X  50  15) (ii) P( X  50  20

Q3 Find the least value of probability P(1  X  7) where X is a r.v. with E(X)=4 and
Var(X)=4

Q4 A distribution with unknown mean µ has variance equal to 1.5 by using Central limit
theorem, how large a sample should be taken in order that the probability will be at least 0.95
that the sample mean will not differ from the population mean by more than 0.5.

Q5. For a distribution the mean is 10, variance is 16,  2 is +1 and  2 is 4. Obtain the first
four moments about the origin, i.e, zero .

Q6. A man with n keys wants to open his door and tries the keys independently and at
random. Find the mean and variance of the number of trials required to open the door (i) if
unsuccessful keys are not eliminated from further selection, and (ii) if they are.

Q7. Given f ( x, y)  e( x y ) ; 0  x   , 0  y   . Find (i) P ( X  1) (ii)

P( X  Y X  2Y ) (iii) P(1  X  Y  2)
Q8. Find Coefficient of Skewness of the following data
No.of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
heads

Freq. 7 6 19 35 30 23 7 1 128

Q.9 If random variable X takes the values 0!, 1!, 2!, …….. with probability law
e 1
P( X  x!)  ; x  0,1,2,...... . Find E(X) if exists.
x!
Q10. Show that The expected value X is equal to the expectation of the conditional expectation of X
given Y. Symbolically , E( X )  E[ E( X Y )]
 Question Bank
UNIT-1

(2 Marks)
Q1. Describe a discrete and continuous probability distributions with an example.
Q2. A continuous random variable X has p.d.f f ( x)  3x 2 , 0  x  1. Find a such that
P{ X  a}  P{ X  a}
Q3. A continuous random variable X has p.d.f f ( x)  3x 2 , 0  x  1. Find b such that
P{ X  b}  0.05

K .
1
, if    x  
Q4. A random variable X has density function, f ( x)   1  x 2

 0, otherwise
find K
Q5. In throw a pair of dice, if the sum(X) represents a discrete random variable. Then find a
mean (or expected ) value of X.
Q6. If X is a random variable with E(X)=7/2 and E(X2)=91/6. Find value of variance of the
random variable X
Q7. Define a moment generating function (MGF) with an example.
Q8. A die is tossed thrice. A success is “getting 1 or 6” on a toss. Find the variance of the
number of successes.
Q9. If X is a random variable which takes values 1,2,3,4,5,6 each with probability 1/6. Find
value of E(X2).
Q10. Find moment generating function of Gamma distribution.

(10 Marks)
0, x  100

Q1. The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the pdf f(x)= 100
 x 2 , x  100.
Find (i) the distribution function F(x) (ii) the probability that the life of tube is 150 hours (iii)
the probability that the life of tube is more than 150 hours
2e2 x x  0
Q2. A random variable X has density function given by f ( x)  
0 x0
Find (i) m.g.f (ii) first four moments about origin.
Q3. If X and Y are independent and both are uniformly distributed in the interval from 0 to 1. Find
 1
P X  Y  
 2
Q4. The daily consumptions of milk in a city in excess of 20,000 gallons, is approximately
1
distributed as a Gamma variate with the parameters   2 and   . The city has a daily
10000
stock of 30,000 gallons. What is the probability that the stock is insufficient on a particular day?
Q5. A man with n keys wants to open his door and tries the keys independently and at random.
Find the mean and variance of the number of trials required to open the door (i) if unsuccessful
keys are not eliminated from further selection, and (ii) if they are.
Q6. (a) Prove that, If B  A , then (i) P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B) (ii) P ( B )  P ( A)

(b) Prove that

P( A  B  C )  P( A)  P( B)  P(C )  P( A  B)  P( B  C )  P( A  C )  P( A  B  C )

Q7. A random variable x has the following probability function;

Value of x : -2 -1 0 1 2 3
P(x) : 0.1 k o.2 2k 0.3 k
Find the value of k and calculate mean and variance

Q8. The odds that a book will be favourably reviewed by three independent critics are 5 to
2, 4 to 2 and 3 to 4 respectively. What is the probability that, of the three reviews, a majority
will be favourable?

Q9. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots; B 3 times 4 shots ; C twice in 3 shots. They fire a
volley. What is the probability that atleast two shots hit?

Q10. The diameter of an electric cable is assumed to be a continuous variate with pdf f(x) =
6x(1-x), 0  x  1. Verify that the above is p.d.f. Also, find the mean and variance.

Q11. (i) Prove (a) P ( A)  1  P( A) (b) P( A  B)  P( B)  P( A  B)

(ii)For any two events A and B, prove that P( A  B)  P( A)  P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B)

Q12. For two events A and B, let P(A)=0.4, P(B)=p and P( A  B)  0.6

(i) Find p so that A and B are independent events.

(ii) For what value of p are A and B are mutually exclusive?

Q13. An urn containing 10 white and 3 black balls, while another urn contains 3 white and 5 black
balls. Two balls are drawn from the first urn and put into the second urn and then a ball is drawn from
the latter. What is the probability that it is a white ball?

Q14. The probabilities of A, B, C solving a problem are 1/3 , 2/7 and 3/8 respectively. If all the three
try to solve the problem simultaneously, find the probability that exactly one of them will solve it.

Q15. Find the standard deviation of the following discrete distribution:

X : 8 12 16 20 24

P(x) : 1/8 1/6 3/8 1/4 1/12

Q16. Five defective bulbs are accidently mixed with twenty good ones. It is not possible to just look
at a bulb and tell whether or not it is defective. Find the probability distribution of the number of
defective bulbs, if four bulbs are drawn at random from this lot.

Q17. Let X be a binomial variable based on n repetitions. Then

P( X  k ) n C k p k (1  p) n  k , k  0, 1, 2 ......, n
Q18. Define (i) Discrete random variable (ii) Continous random variable and (iii) Cumulative
distribution function

Q19. Suppose that X is a continuous random variable with pdf

2 x, 0  x  1
f ( x)  
 0 , elsewhere

Hence Evaluate cdf and plot it graphically.

Q20. A continuous random variable X has p.d.f f ( x)  3x 2 , 0  x  1. Find a such that

(i) P{ X  a}  P{ X  a} (ii) P{ X  b}  0.05

Q21. Define Cumulative distribution function. Discuss its various properties.

Q22. Let X be a random variable having density function f(x) =cx, 0≤x≤2 and f(x)=0 elsewhere.
Find (a) value of c (b) P(0.5<X<1.5) (c) P(X>1)(d) distribution function.

0, x  100

Q23. The life in hours of a certain kind of radio tube has the pdf f(x)= 100
 x 2 , x  100.
Find (i) the distribution function F(x) (ii) the probability that the life of tube is 150 hours (iii) the
probability that the life of tube is more than 150 hours

Q24. The following tables gives the number of days in a 50 day period during which automobile
accidents occurred in a city
No. of accidents 0 1 2 3 4
No. of days 21 18 7 3 1
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data.

Q25. Define Gamma distribution. Find the limiting form of Gamma distribution.

Q26. Define Poisson distribution. Show that it is limiting form of Binomial distribution.

Q27. Show that for a binomial distribution mean =np, Variance=npq and standard deviation= npq

Q28. The no. of telephone calls arriving on an internal switch board of an office is 90 per hour. Find
the prob. that at the most 1 to 3 calls in a minute on the board arrive.

Q29. A manufacturer who produces medicine bottles, find that 0.1% of the bottles are defectives. The
bottles are packed in boxes containing 500 bottles. A drug manufacturer bys 100 boxes from the producer
of bottles. Using Poisson distribution , find how many boxes will contain:
No defectives (ii) atleast two defectives

Q30. The mean weight of 500 students at certain college is151 lb & the standard deviation is 15 lb.
Assuming that the weights are normally distributed, find how many students weight (a) between 120 &
155 lb , (b) more than 185 lb.
 UNIT-2

(2 Marks)

1. Define Binomial distribution

2. Define Poisson distribution.
3. Six coins are tossed 6400 times. Using the Poisson distribution, find the approximate
probability of getting six heads r times.
4. Find Moment generating function of Binomial Distribution
5. Let X and Y be two random variables both follow Poisson distribution with mean
values 1 and  2 respectively. Find P(X=Y).
6. Find moment generating function of Poisson distribution
7. Find the value of p such that the variance of a binomial variate is maximised.
8. What is the use of F-test?
9. Define degree of freedom for  2 test.
10. Write down some applications of student’s t-distribution

(10 Marks)

1. Fit a binomial distribution for the following data:

x: 0 1 2 3 4 5
f: 2 14 20 34 22 8

2. The following tables gives the number of days in a 50 day period during which
automobile accidents occurred in a city
No. of accidents 0 1 2 3 4
No. of days 21 18 7 3 1
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data

3. Seven coins are tossed and no. of heads are noted .The experiment is repeated 128 times and the
following distribution is obtained.

No.of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
heads

Freq. 7 6 19 35 30 23 7 1 128

Fit a Binomial Distribution

4. In a distribution exactly normal, 7% of the the items are under 35 and 89% are under 63. What
are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution?

5. Of a large group of mean, 5% are under 60 inches in height and 40% are between 60 and 65
inches. Assuming a normal a distribution, find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.

6. Define normal a distribution. Describe its various properties.

7. The mean weight of 500 students at certain college is151 lb & the standard deviation is 15 lb.
Assuming that the weights are normally distributed, find how many students weigh (a) between 120 &
155 lb , (b) more than 185 lb.

8. In a Normal distribution 31% items are under 45 and 8% items are over 64. Find the mean
value (µ) and standard deviation (σ) of the distribution

9. The life time of electric bulbs for a random sample of 10 from a large consignment gave the
following data:
Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Life in 4.2 4.6 3.9 4.1 5.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.4 5.6
‘000
hrs
Can we accept the hypothesis that the average life time of bulb is 4000 hrs?

10. The following figures refer to observations in live independent samples.

Sample 25 30 28 34 24 20 13 32 22 38
1

Sample 40 34 22 20 31 40 30 23 36 17
2
Analyse whether the samples have been drawn from the population of equal means.

11. Samples are of two types of electric light bulbs were tested for length of life and following data
were obtained

Sample No. Type I Type II

Sample Means n1  8 n2  7

Sample S.D’s x1  1234 hrs x2  1036 hrs

Is difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type 1 is superior to type II regarding length of life.

12. On an examination in psychology 12 students in one class had a mean grade of 78 with a
standard deviation of 6, while 15 students in another class had a mean grade of 74 with a standard
deviation of 8. Using a significance level of 0.05, determine whether the first group is superior to the
second group.

13. Two random samples are drawn from 2 normal populations are as follows:
A 17 27 18 25 27 29 13 17
B 16 16 20 27 26 25 21
Test whether the samples are drawn from the same normal population.

14. Verify whether Poisson distribution can be assumed from the data given below:
No. of 0 1 2 3 4 5
defects
 Frequency 6 13 13 8 4 3
15. From the following table regarding the colour of eyes of fathers and sons test if the colour of
son’s eye is associated with that of the father.
Eye colour of son
Eye colour of father Light Not Light
Light 471 51
Not Light 148 230

16. The household net expenditure on health care in two samples, expressed as percentage of total
income is shown as
South 15.0 8.0 3.8 6.4 27.4 19.0 35.3 13.6
North 18.8 23.1 10.3 8.0 18.0 10.2 15.2 19.0 20.2
Test the equality of variances of households net expenditure on health care in south and north India.

17. A certain stimulus administered to each of the 12 patients resulted in the following increase in
blood pressure
5, 2 , 8 , -1 , 3 , 0 , -2 , 1 , 5 , 0 , 4 and 6
Can it be concluded that the stimulus in general be accompanied by an increase in blood pressure?

18. Prices of shares of a company on different days in a month were found to be :

66, 65, 69, 70, 69,71, 70, 63, 64 and 68

Discuss whether the mean price of shares in month is 65.

19. State and Prove Baye’s Theorem

20. Records taken of the number of male and female births in 800 families having 4 children
are as follows:

No of male births: 0 1 2 3 4

No. of female births: 4 3 2 1 0

No. of families: 32 178 290 236 64

Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the binomial law holds and the
chance of male births is equal to that of female birth, namely p=q=1/2.

21. The marks obtained by a group of 9 regular course students and another group of 11
part time course students in a test are given below:

Regular: 56 62 63 54 60 51 67 69 58

Part time:62 70 71 62 60 56 75 64 72 68 66
Examine whether the marks obtained by regular students and part time students differ
significantly at 5% and 1% level of significance.

22. What are the physical conditions of a Poisson distribution? Also show that Poisson
distribution is the limiting form of Binomial distribution.

23. Describe t-test and F-test.

24. From the following two sample values find out whether they have come from the same
population:

Sample 1: 17 27 18 25 27 29 27 23 17

Sample 2: 16 16 20 16 20 17 15 21

25. Describe Poly’s urn Model with example.

26. An ambulance service company claims that on an average takes 20 minutes between a
call for an ambulance and the patients arrival at the hospital. If in 6 calls the time taken
(Between a call & arrival at hospital) are 27, 18, 26,15, 20, 32. Can the company’s claim be
accepted.

27. 325 men out of 600 chosen from a big city were found to be smokers. Does this
information support the conclusion that the majority of men in the city are smokers.

28. From a box containing 7 red balls ,5 green balls and 3 blue balls. 3 balls are drawn one after the
other. What is the probability of drawing red ball in the first draw, blue ball in the second draw and
green ball in the 3rd draw ?
a). If ball is replaced back after each draw.
b). If ball is not replaced back after each draw

29. A student is given a true false test examination with 8 questions. If he corrects at least 7
questions he passes. Find the probability that he will pass given that he guesses all questions.

30. Samples are of two types of electric light bulbs were tested for length of life and
following data were obtained
Sample No. Type I Type II
Sample Means n1  8 n2  7
Sample S.D’s x1  1234 hrs x2  1036 hrs
Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type 1 is superior to type II
regarding length of life.
 UNIT-3

(2 Marks)
1. If joint probability density function f(x,y) of two random variable is given in the interval
(-∞,∞). Then write down the formula of calculating its marginal distribution functions
F(x) and F(y).
2. If joint probability density function f(x,y) of two random variable is given in the interval
(-∞,∞). Then write down the formula of calculating its conditional distribution functions F(x/y)
and F(y/x).
3. If f(x,y)=2; 0<x<1, 0<y<1. Find (i) E(Y/X) (ii) E(Y/X)
4. State Central limit theorem
5. Using Chebyshev’s inequality show that P(IX-2I≤2)>0.5 given that K= 2 ,µ=2 and
 2
6. Define the Covariance between two random variables X and Y and what is the
covariance between them if the variables X and Y are independent ?
7. State Chebyshev’s inequality.
8. State weak law of large numbers.
9. Define skewness.
10. Define kurtosis. What are its various types?

(10 Marks)
1. The probability density function of two random variables (X , Y ) is given by
2, 0  x  y  1
f ( x, y)  
0, elsewhere
Find the conditional mean and variance of X and Y=y
2. Let X be a random variable having density function f(x) =cx, 0≤x≤2 and f(x)=0
elsewhere. Find (a) value of c (b) P(0.5<X<1.5) (c) P(X>1)(d) distribution function
8 xy,0  x  y  1
3. Let f ( x, y )   .
0, elsewhere

Find (i) E (Y / X  x ) (ii) E ( XY / X  x ) (iii) E (Y / X  x) .

4. Let X and Y be a random variables having joint density function f(x,y)=4xy, 0≤x≤1,
0≤y≤1 and f(x,y)=0 elsewhere. Find (i) E(X) (ii) E(Y) (iii) E(X+Y) (iv) E(XY).
8 xy,0  x  1, 0  y  x
5. Let f ( x, y )   .
0, elsewhere

Find

(i) marginal density of X (ii) marginal density of Y (iii) conditional density of X (iv)
conditional density of Y (v) E(Y X ) (vi) E(Y X  x)
6. State and Prove law of large numbers
7. State and prove Chebyshev’s inequality.
8. Given f ( x, y)  e( x y ) ; 0  x   , 0  y   . Find (i) P ( X  1) (ii)
P( X  Y X  2Y ) (iii) P(1  X  Y  2)
9. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by
91  x  y 
f ( x, y)  ; 0  x   , 0  y   . Find the marginal distributions of X and Y , and
2(1  x) 4 (1  y ) 4
the conditional distribution of Y for X=x.
10. The joint density function of a two-dimensional random variable is given by
2  x  y ; 0  x  1, 0  y  1
f ( x, y )  
 0, elsewhere
Find (i) the marginal density function of X and Y (ii) conditional density function of Y given X  x
and of X for given Y  y (iii) Var(X) and Var(Y) (iv) Co-variance between X and Y
11. Find Coefficient of Skewness of the following data
No.of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
heads

Freq. 7 6 19 35 30 23 7 1 128

12. Discuss the relation between CLT and WLLN.

13. Examine whether the weak law of large numbers holds for the sequence { X k } of
independent random variables defined as follows:

P[ X k  2 k ]  2  ( 2 k 1)

P[ X k  0]  1  2 2 k

14. Let X 1 , X 2 ,........, X n be jointly normal with E ( X i )  0 and E( X i 2 )  1 for all i and
Cov( X i , X j )   if j  i  1 and =0, otherwise. Examine if WLLN holds for the
sequence { X n }.

15. If the variable X p assumes the value 2 p 2 log p with probability 2  p ; p  1,2,......., examine
if the law of large numbers holds in this case.

16. Find the first four moments of Binomial Distribution.

17. Find the first four moments of Poisson distribution.

18. If X and Y are two random variables having the joint density function f ( x, y ) 
1
2 x  y  ,
27
where x and y can assume only the integer values 0, 1 and 2. Find the conditional distribution of Y for
X x

19. What do you understand by skewness? How is it measured? Distinguish clearly, by

giving figures, between positive and negative skewness?

20. Compute Karl’s Pearson coefficient of skewness of the following data

 Class 130-134 135-139 140-144 145-149 150-159 150-159 160-164
Interval
Freq. 3 12 21 28 19 12 5

21. Find out the kurtosis of the data given below:

Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40

Frequecy 1 3 4 2

22. Calculate the first four moments of the following distribution about the mean and hence
find  1 and  2 .

X: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

F: 1 8 28 36 70 56 28 8 1

23. The first four moments of a distribution about the value 4 of the variable are -1.5, 17,-30
and 108. Find the moments about mean,  1 and  2 .

24. The first four moments of a distribution about the value 5 of the variable are 2, 20, 40
and 50. Find the moments about mean,  1 and  2 .

25. A random sample X has mean 50 and variance 100. Use Chebyshev’s inequality to
obtain appropriate bounds for (i) P( X  50  15) (ii) P( X  50  20

26. Find the least value of probability P(1  X  7) where X is a r.v. with E(X)=4 and
Var(X)=4

27. A distribution with unknown mean µ has variance equal to 1.5 by using Central limit
theorem, how large a sample should be taken in order that the probability will be at least 0.95
that the sample mean will not differ from the population mean by more than 0.5.

28. For a distribution the mean is 10, variance is 16,  2 is +1 and  2 is 4. Obtain the first
four moments about the origin, i.e, zero.
29. If X is the number scored in a throw of a fair die, show that the chebychev’s inequality gives
 
P X    2.5  0.47 where  is mean of X.

30. For Geometric distribution p( x)  2 x ; x  1,2,3.... Prove that Chebyshev’s inequality

gives P x  2  2  while the actual probability is

1 15
2 16
 Unit1(Quiz-1)

1. Way of getting information from measuring observation whose outcomes occurrence is on

chance is called

A. beta experiment
B. random experiment
C. alpha experiment
D. gamma experiment

Ans B

2. A variable that can assume any possible value between two points is called:

(a) Discrete random variable (b) Continuous random variable

(c) Discrete sample space (d) Random variable

Ans (b) B

3. Probability which is based on self beliefs of persons involved in experiment is classified as

A. subjective approach
B. objective approach
C. intuitive approach
D. sample approach

Ans Ar A

4. In probability theories, events which can never occur together are classified as

A. collectively exclusive events

B. mutually exhaustive events
C. mutually exclusive events
D. collectively exhaustive events

Ans C C

5. A formula or equation used to represent the probability' distribution of a continuous random

variable is called:

(a) Probability distribution (b) Distribution function

(c) Probability density function (d) Mathematical expectation

Ans (c)

6. If X is A discrete random variable and f(x) is the probability of X, then the expected value of
this random variable is equal to:

(a) ∑f(x) (b) ∑[x+f(x)] (c) ∑f(x)+x (d) ∑xf(x)

Ans (d)D

7. Formula to calculate standardized normal random variable is

A. (x – μ) ⁄ σ
B. (x + μ) ⁄ σ
C. x-σ⁄μ
D. x+σ⁄μ

Ans Awer A

8. In random experiment, observations of random variable are classified as

A. events
B. composition
C. trials
D. functions

Ans Answer C

9. In binomial distribution, formula of calculating standard deviation is

A. square root of p
B. square root of pq
C. square root of npq
D. square root of np

Ans CAnswer C

10. Given E(X) = 5 and E(Y) = -2, then E(X - Y) is:

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) -2

Ans (c)

11. Class of variable which can accept only values from set of integers is classified as

A. discrete random variable

B. continuous random variable
C. posterior random variable
D. interior random variable

Ans Aswer A

12. Which of the following is not possible in probability distribution?

(a) p(x) ≥ 0 (b) ∑p(x) = 1 (c) ∑xp(x) = 2 (d) p(x) = -0.5

Ans (d)s (

B
13. If C is a constant (non-random variable), then E(C) is:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) cf(c) (d) c

Ans (d)B

14. Value which is obtained by multiplying possible values of random variable with probability
of occurrence and is equal to weighted average is called

A. discrete value
B. weighted value
C. expected value
D. cumulative value

Ans CAnswer C

15. A discrete probability distribution may be represented by:

(a) Table (b) Graph (c) Mathematical equation (d) All of the above

Ans (d)

16. If value of p is smaller or lesser than 0.5 then binomial distribution is classified as

A. skewed to right
B. skewed to left
C. skewed to infinity
D. skewed to integers

Ans B

Answer A

17. If μ is equal to 8 then standard deviation of exponential probability distribution is

A. 0.425
B. 0.125
C. 0.225
D. 0.325

Ans A B

18. In binomial distribution, formula of calculating mean is

A. μ=p+q
B. μ = np
C. μ = pq
D. μ = qn

Ans BAB

19. Which one is not an example of random experiment?

(a) A coin is tossed and the outcome is either a head or a tail
(b) A six-sided die is rolled
(c) Some number of persons will be admitted to a hospital emergency room during any hour.

(d) All medical insurance claims received by a company in a given year.

Ans D

20. Number of products manufactured in a factory in a day are 3500 and probability that some
pieces are defected is 0.55 then mean of binomial probability distribution is

A. 1925
B. 6364
C. 63.64
D. 3500

Ans B

21. A discrete probability function f(x) is always:

(a) Non-negative (b) Negative (c) One (d) Zero

Ans (a)

22. Total area under the curve of a continuous probability density function· is always equal to:

(a) Zero (b) One (c) -1 (d) None of them

Ans (b)

23. If value of m in beta distribution is 35 and value of n in beta distribution is 50 then

expected value of random variable x in beta distribution is

A. 0.411
B. 0.311
C. 0.511
D. 0.211

Ans AAnswer A

24. Process in which trials are statistically independent and each trial of event has only two
outcomes is classified as

A. Bernoulli process
B. Bayes process
C. functional process
D. independent limited process

Ans AC

25 A discrete probability function f(x) is always non-negative and always lies between:
(a) 0 and ∞ (b) 0 and 1 (c) -1 and +1 (d) -∞ and +∞

Ans (a)

UNIT-1 (QUIZ-2)

26. An expected value of a random variable is equal to its:

(a) Variance (b) Standard deviation (c) Mean (d) Covariance

Ans (c)

27. Normal distribution is also classified as

A. Gaussian distribution
B. Poisson distribution
C. Bernoulli's distribution
D. weighted average distribution

Ans A

28. Probability which explains x is equal to or less than particular value is classified as

A. discrete probability
B. cumulative probability
C. marginal probability
D. continuous probability

Ans B

29. Var( 4X + 8) is:

(a) 12 Var(X) (b) 4 Var(X)+8 (c) 16 Var(X) (d) 16 Var(X)+8

Ans (c)

30. Types of probability distributions by taking their functions of considerations must include

A. posterior probability distribution

B. discrete probability distribution
C. continuous probability distribution
D. both b and c

Ans D

31. Consider probability distribution as standard normal, if value of μ is 75, value of x is 120
with unknown standard deviation of distribution then value of z-statistic

A. will be one
B. will be zero
C. will be negative
D. will be positive
 Ans DAnswer D

32. If value of p is 0.60 and value of n is 3 whereas random variable x is equal to 4 then value
of z-score of distribution is

A. 1.59
B. 2.59
C. 2.68
D. 0.59

Ans DAnswer B

33. For a rectangular or uniform distribution, value of interval a is 7 and value of interval b is 8
then value of mean for distribution is

A. 1.33
B. 3.33
C. 2.33
D. 4.33

Ans DAnswer D

34. E[X - E(X)] is equal to:

(a) E(X) (b) Var(X) (c) 0 (d) E(X) – X

Ans (c)

35. If mean of binomial probability distribution is 25 then mean of Poisson probability

distribution is

A. 70
B. 50
C. 25
D. 50

Ans C C

36. If value of x is less than μ of standard normal probability distribution then the

A. z-statistic is negative
B. z-statistic is positive
C. f(x) will be even number
D. f(x) will be prime number

Ans AAnswer A

37. A set of numerical values assigned to a sample space is called:

(a) Random sample (b) Random variable (c) Random numbers (d) Random experiment

Ans (b)C
38. Type of continuous distribution in which probability is constant is classified as

A. rectangular distribution
B. square distribution
C. open frequency distribution
D. class frequency distribution

Ans AAnswer A

39. If value of interval a is 4 and value of interval b is 5 then variance of uniform distribution is

A. 6.75
B. 4.75
C. 5.75
D. 0.75

Ans AAnswer A

40. E[X - E(X)]2 is:

(a) E(X) (b) E(X2) (c) Var(X) (d) S.D(X)

Ans (c)

41. Probability distribution of discrete random variable is classified as

A. probability mass function

B. posterior mass function
C. interior mass function
D. continuous mass function

Ans AAnswer A

42. Standard normal probability distribution has mean equal to 40, whereas value of random
variable x is 80 and z-statistic is equal to 1.8 then standard deviation of standard normal
probability distribution is

A. 120
B. 80
C. 40
D. 20

Ans DAnswer D

43. In standard normal probability distribution, z-score of distribution will be zero if

A. x<μ
B. x>μ
C. x=μ
D. all of above

Ans C
 Answer C

44. If value of λ is 9 and value of random variable x is 5 then value of z-score is

A. −2.58
B. −1.86
C. −2.34
D. −1.34

Ans DAnswer D

45. The height of persons in a country is a random variable of the type:

(a) Discrete random variable (b) Continuous random variable

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)

Ans (b)

46. If z-score of normal distribution is 2.5, mean of distribution is 45 and standard deviation of
normal distribution is 3 then value of x for a normal distribution is

A. 97.5
B. 47.5
C. 37.5
D. 67.5

Ans CC

47. If μ is equal to 25 then value of mean for exponential probability distribution is

A. 0.4
B. 0.08
C. 0.07
D. 0.04

Ans D D

48. If value of x-bar is 70 and μ of sampling distribution is 15 with standard deviation is 20

then standard normal variable is
A. 2.75
B. 3.75
C. 4.75
D. 5.75

Ans A
49. The expectation of the product of two independent variables X and Y is equal to:

(a) E(X) E(Y) (b) E(X) ± E(Y) (c) E(X +Y) (d) None of the above

Ans (a)

50. If we have f(x) = 2x, 0≤x≤1, then f(x) is a:

(a) Probability distribution (b) Probability density function

(c) Distribution function (d) Continuous random variable

Ans (b)
 Quiz-1 (Unit2)

1. Discrete probability distribution in which outcome is very small with a very small period of
time is classified as

A. posterior distribution
B. cumulative distribution
C. normal distribution
D. Poisson distribution

Ans D

2. If total number of elements with some specific characteristics is 18 from a population of 40

and sample is drawn without replacement with size of 4 then mean of hyper geometric
probability distribution is

A. 4.8
B. 1.8
C. 2.8
D. 3.8

Ans B

3. If C is a constant in a continuous probability distribution, then p(x = C) is always equal to:

(a) Zero (b) One (c) Negative (d) Impossible

Ans (a)

4. The χ 2 -test should not be used if any expected frequency is:

(a) Less than 10 (b) Less than 5 (c) Equal to 5 (d) More than 5

Ans (b)

5. Which of the following value is impossible for a Chi-square statistic?

(a) Greater than zero (b) Less than zero (c) Equal to zero (d) Not equal to zero

Ans (b)

6. If chances of success in a distribution are 0.68 and number of values in distribution are 4
then mean of Poisson probability distribution is

A. 3.72
B. 1.72
C. 2.72
D. 4.72

Ans C

7. The shape of the Chi-square distribution is:

(a) Symmetrical (b) Positively skewed (c) Negatively skewed (d) All of the above

Ans (b)

8. In normal distribution, z-score and z-statistic are classified as names of

A. standardized normal random variable

B. Poisson random variable
C. normal geometric variable
D. weighted average variable

Ans A

9. If value of failure in binomial probability distribution is 0.70 and success is 0.30 and number
of values in distribution are 7 then moment coefficient of kurtosis is

A. 0.51
B. 0.18
C. 0.28
D. 0.48

Ans B

10. Binomial probability distribution is classified as symmetric if

A. value of p and q is equal

B. value of p is greater than q
C. value of p is smaller than q
D. all of above

Ans A

11. The value of Chi-square statistic is always zero if:

(a) ∑fo = ∑fe (b) fo = fe (c) fo > fe (d) fo < fe

Ans (b)C

12. Probability of failure in binomial distribution is denoted by

A. p = q +1
B. p=q-1
C. q=1+p
D. q=1–p

Ans DD

13. Variance of binomial probability distribution is larger in value if

A. q is greater than 0.5

B. p and q are equal
C. p and q are greater than 0.5
 D. p is greater than 0.5

Ans BB

14. If all frequencies of classes are same, the value of Chi-square is:

(a) Zero (b) One (c) Infinite (d) All of the above

Ans (a)

15. Value which is used to measure distance between mean and random variable x in terms of
standard deviation is called

A. z-value
B. variance
C. probability of x
D. density function of x

Ans A

16. Type of probability distribution whose standard deviation is one and mean is equal to zero
is classified as

A. weighted probabilities distribution

B. standard normal probability distribution
C. normal cumulative probability distribution
D. approximated normal distribution

Ans BAnswer B

17. Symbol λ is used to represent

A. variance of Poisson distribution

B. standard deviation in Poisson distribution
C. mean in Poisson distribution
D. mean in cumulative distribution

Ans CC

18. The shape of the chi-square distribution depends upon:

(a) Parameters (b) Degree of freedom (c) Number of cells (d) Standard deviation

Ans (b)B

19. Probability distribution having shape of bell and in which values of mean lies in center of
probability distribution is classified as

A. continuous distribution
B. normal distribution
C. discrete distribution
 D. hyper geometric distribution

Ans BAnswer B

20. The value of chi-square statistic is always:

(a) Negative (b) Zero (c) Non-negative (d) One

Ans (c)

21. In normal distribution, normal curve becomes more wider and more flatter because of

A. small value of variance

B. large value of variance
C. large value of standard deviation
D. small value of standard deviation

Ans CAnswer C

22. Binomial probability distribution is classified as skewed to left if

A. p > 0.5
B. q > 0.5
C. p < 0.5
D. q < 0.5

Ans AAnswer A

23. If μ is equal to 4 then variance of exponential probability distribution is

A. 0.0625
B. 0.085
C. 0.0925
D. 0.0725

Ans AA

24. If parameter μ is 11 and n of gamma distribution is 50 then variance of gamma distribution

is

A. 0.713
B. 0.613
C. 0.513
D. 0.413
E. Ans DD

25. Student’s t-test is applicable only when:

(a) n≤30 and σ is known (b) n>30 and σ is unknown

(c) n=30 and σ is known (d) All of the above

Ans (a)

26. Student’s t-statistic is applicable in case of:

(a) E9qual number of samples (b) Unequal number of samples

(c) Small samples (d) All of the above

Ans (d)

27. Paired t-test is applicable when the observations in the two samples are:

(a) Equal in number (b) Paired (c) Correlation (d) All of the above

Ans (d)Answer A

28. The degree of freedom for paired t-test based on n pairs of observations is:

(a) 2n - 1 (b) n - 2 (c) 2(n - 1) (d) n – 1

Ans (d)B

29. Probability of success increases in binomial probability distribution if value of

A. p increases
B. p decrease
C. q increases
D. q decreases

Ans AAnswer A

30. In an unpaired samples t-test with sample sizes n1= 11 and n2= 11, the value of tabulated t should
be obtained for:

(a) 10 degrees of freedom (b) 21 degrees of freedom

(c) 22 degrees of freedom (d) 20 degrees of freedom

Ans (d)

31. Considering normal distribution, spread is decreased and height of curve is increased for
the

A. larger value of standard deviation

B. smaller value of standard deviation
C. smaller value of variance
D. larger value of variance

Ans BAnswer B
32. The mean difference between 16 paired observations is 25 and the standard deviation of
differences is 10. The value of statistic-t is:

(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 16 (d) 25

Ans (b)A

33. Student’s t-distribution has (n-1) d.f. when all the n observations in the sample are:

(a) Dependent (b) Independent (c) Maximum (d) Minimum

Ans (b)

34. In statistical analysis, sample size is considered large if

A. n > or = 30
B. n < or = 30
C. n > or = 50
D. n < or = 50
Ans A

35. If in a table all possible values of a random variable are given their corresponding probabilities,
then this table is called as:
(a) Probability density function
(b) Distribution function
(c) Probability distribution
(d) Continuous distribution
Ans (c)

36. Probability of second event in situation if first event has been occurred is classified as

A. series probability
B. conditional probability
C. joint probability
D. dependent probability

Ans B

37. The chance of rejecting a true hypothesis decreases when sample size is:

(a) Decreased (b) Increased (c) Constant (d) Both (a) and (b)

Ans (b)

38. In binomial distribution, formula of calculating mean is

A. μ=p+q
B. μ = np
C. μ = pq
D. μ = qn

Ans B
39. Number of products manufactured in a factory in a day are 3500 and probability that some
pieces are defected is 0.55 then mean of binomial probability distribution is

A. 1925
B. 6364
C. 63.64
D. 3500

Ans A

40. Critical region is also called:

(a) Acceptance region (b) Rejection region (c) Confidence region (d) Statistical region

Ans (b)

41. If Ho is true and we reject it is called:

(a) Type-I error (b) Type-II error (c) Standard error (d) Sampling error

Ans (a)

42. The range of test statistic-t is:

(a) 0 to ∞ (b) 0 to 1 (c) -∞ to +∞ (d) -1 to +1

Ans (c)

43. The choice of one-tailed test and two-tailed test depends upon:

(a) Null hypothesis (b) Alternative hypothesis

(c) None of these (d) Composite hypotheses

Ans (b)

44. A hypothesis may be classified as:

(a) Simple (b) Composite (c) Null (d) All of the above

Ans (d)

45. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is called:

(a) Level of confidence (b) Level of significance

(c) Power of the test (d) Difficult to tell

Ans (a)
46. The dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region
where it is not rejected is said to be:

(a) Critical region (b) Critical value (c) Acceptance region (d) Significant region

Ans (a)

47. If the critical region is located equally in both sides of the sampling distribution of test-
statistic, the test is called:

(a) One tailed (b) Two tailed (c) Right tailed (d) Left tailed

Ans (b)

48. The chi-square test is not very effective if the sample is:
a. small
b. large
c. irregular
d. heterogeneous

ANS: a

49. Size of critical region is known as:

(a) β (b) 1 - β (c) Critical value (d) Size of the test

Ans (d)

50. Level of significance α lies between:

(a) -1 and +1 (b) 0 and 1 (c) 0 and n (d) -∞ to +∞

Ans (b)

48.

88
Answer A
 Quiz
(Unit3)

1. Joint probability of independent events J and K is equal to

A. P(J) * P(K)
B. P(J) + P(K)
C. P(J) * P(K) + P(J-K)
D. P(J) * P(K) - P(J * K)

Ans A

2.

B
Answer A
Ans d.

3.

Ans c
4.

Answer B
Ans C

5.

Ans C

6.

Ans b

6A
7. Which set of data would probably show a strong negative linear correlation?

a) resale values of computers and their ages

b) heights volleyball players can jump and the strength of their leg muscles

c) numbers of people at a water park and the air temperature

d) scores on a mathematics test and the number of hours spent studying for it

ANS: A

8. A researcher wishes to find out about the mean of a population. She takes a sample,
calculates the sample mean and works out the 95% confidence interval for the population
mean. Which of the following results would she prefer?

A The confidence interval is very wide

B The confidence interval is very narrow

C It makes no difference to her what the width of the confidence interval is

Ans B
9. A larger sample taken from the same population gives a confidence interval (at the
same significance level) which is:

A Narrower

B Wider

C The same width

Ans A

10. A larger sample mean from a population with the same standard deviation, using the
same sample size and significance level, produces a confidence interval which is:

A Narrower

B Wider

C The same width

Ans C

11. Using a 98% confidence interval instead of a 95% confidence interval for the same
population and sample, will give a confidence interval which is:

A Narrower

B Wider

C The same width

Ans B

12. Suppose we have two populations, one with a smaller standard deviation than the
other. We take two samples of the same size, one from each population, and work out a 95%
confidence interval for each mean. The confidence interval for the population with the
smaller standard deviation will be:

A Narrower

B Wider

C The same width

Ans A

13. A sample of size n is taken from a population which is normally distributed with mean
 and standard deviation  . Which of the following statements about the sample mean
distribution is true?

 2 
A Using the Central Limit Theorem, X approximately follows X N  , 
 n 
  2 
B Using the Central Limit Theorem, X exactly follows X N  , 
 n 

 2 
C Without using the Central Limit Theorem, X approximately follows X N  , 
 n 

 2 
D Without using the Central Limit Theorem, X exactly follows X N  , 
 n 

Ans D

14. A sample of size n is taken from a population with an unknown distribution, with mean
 and standard deviation  . Which of the following statements about the sample mean
distribution is true?

 2 
A Using the Central Limit Theorem, X approximately follows X N  , 
 n 

 2 
B Using the Central Limit Theorem, X exactly follows X N  , 
 n 

 2 
C Without using the Central Limit Theorem, X approximately follows X N  , 
 n 

 2 
D Without using the Central Limit Theorem, X exactly follows X N  , 
 n 

Ans A

15. A sample of size n is taken from a population which is normally distributed with mean
 2 
 and standard deviation  , and X N   ,  is used for the sample mean distribution.
 n 
For which of the following sample sizes is this valid?

A n=5

B n =15

C n = 50

D Any of the above

Ans D
16. A sample of size n is taken from a population which has an unknown distribution with
 2 
mean  and standard deviation  , and X N   ,  is used for the sample mean
 n 
distribution. For which of the following sample sizes is this valid?

A n=5

B n =15

C n = 50

D Any of the above

Ans C
Answer D

17. The theorem which states that as the sample size increases the sampling
distribution must approach the normal distribution is classified as

A. limited approximation theorem

B. secondary limit theorem
C. primary limit theorem
D. central limit theorem
Ans D

18. The conditions such as large sample size to represent population and
samples must be drawn randomly are included in

A. principle of statistical regularity

B. principle of statistical irregularity
C. principle of sampling error
D. principle of inertia

Ans A

19. The measures in sampling that are results of sample analyses are called

A. absolute statistics parameter

B. coverage estimators
C. population statistics
D. sample statistic
Ans D
20. When the statistical inference is made on the basis of sample results about the
characteristics of population then this is classified as

A. inferential statistics
B. sample statistics
C. population statistics
D. population variability
Ans B C

21. If for a distribution the difference of first quartile and median is greater than
difference of median and third quartile then the distribution is classified as

A. absolute open ended

B. positively skewed
C. negatively skewed
D. not skewed at all
Ans BAnswer C

22. The statistical measures such as average deviation, standard deviation and
mean are classified as part of

A. deciles system
B. moment system
C. percentile system
D. quartile system

Ans B

23. The moment about mean which is indication whether distribution is

symmetrical or asymmetrical is considered as

A. first moment
B. third moment
C. second moment
D. fourth moment

Ans B

24. The kurtosis defines the peakness of the curve in the region which is

A. around the mode

B. around the mean
 C. around the median
D. around the variance

Ans A

25. The frequency distribution is considered as negatively skewed if all the

values of distribution moves to

A. lower tail
B. median tail
C. variance tail
D. upper tail

Ans A

26. In kurtosis, the beta is greater than three and quartile range is preferred for

A. mesokurtic distribution
B. mega curve distribution
C. leptokurtic distribution
D. platykurtic distribution

Ans D

27. In measures of skewness, the absolute skewness is equal to

A. mean+mode
B. mean-mode
C. mean+median
D. mean-median

Ans B

28. For the Karl Pearson's skewness coefficient the value of skewness must be in
limits

A. ±3
B. ±5
C. ±4
D. ±2

Ans A

29. he distribution is considered leptokurtic if

 A. beta three is less than three
B. beta two is greater than two
C. beta three is greater than three
D. beta two is greater than three

Ans D

30. The unifying method to summarize the statistical measure of descriptive

nature is called

A. unifying momentum
B. momentum summary
C. moments
D. momentum

Ans C

31. If for a distribution the difference of first quartile and median is less than
difference of median and third quartile then the distribution is classified as

A. negatively skewed
B. not skewed at all
C. absolute open ended
D. positively skewed

Ans A

32. According to beta, the platykurtic distribution is one in which the

A. beta three is greater than three

B. beta two is greater than three
C. beta three is less than three
D. beta two is greater than two

Ans C

33. Considering the mean, mode and skewness of data, the value of skewness
will be positive if

A. mean<median
B. mean>median
C. mean>mode
D. mean
Ans D

34. In kurtosis, the frequency curve that has flatten top than normal curve of
bell shaped distribution is classified as

A. leptokurtic
B. platykurtic
C. mega curve
D. mesokurtic

Ans B

35. Consider a set of observations whose mean is 14 and the mode of the same
set of observations is 12 then the values of skewness around central value are

A. 2
B. 26
C. 1.667
D. 168

Ans A

36. The method of calculating coefficient of skewness by Karl Pearson method

is useful for the type of distributions that are

A. non concentrated
B. open ended
C. close ended
D. concentrated

Ans B

37. The mode of set of 20 observations is 18 and the skewness of observations

around central value is 5 then the calculated value of arithmetic mean of
observations is

A. 23
B. 7
C. 13
D. 43

Ans A
38. Considering the mean, mode and skewness of data, the value of skewness
will be negative if

A. mean>mode
B. mean<mode
C. mean<median
D. mean>median

Ans B

39. In kurtosis, the beta is less than three and median is preferred as central
tendency for

A. leptokurtic distribution
B. platykurtic distribution
C. mesokurtic distribution
D. mega curve distribution

Ans AAnswer C

40. If rate of occurrences in Poisson probability distribution is smaller and

occurrences have large numbers then distribution tends to be

A. negatively skewed and mesokurtic

B. positively skewed and mesokurtic
C. symmetrical and leptokurtic
D. symmetrical and mesokurtic

Ans DAnswer A

41. Theorem which states that as sample size increases sampling distribution
must approach normal distribution is classified as
A. limited approximation theorem
B. secondary limit theorem
C. primary limit theorem
D. central limit theorem

Ans D

42. The coefficient of skewness by Karl Pearson, Professor Kelly and

professor Bowley are considered as

A. relative measure of skewness

B. absolute measure of skewness
 C. concentrated measure of skewness
D. directed measure of skewness
Ans A

43. If the median is 12, mean is 15 and the standard deviation of data is 3 then
Karl Pearson's coefficient of skewness is

A. 17
B. 27
C. 15
D. 3
Ans D

44. The moment about mean which is indication of flatness of frequency curve
is classified as

A. third moment
B. second moment
C. first moment
D. fourth moment
Ans D

45. The upper and lower boundaries of interval of confidence are classified as

A. error biased limits

B. marginal limits
C. estimate limits
D. confidence limits
Ans D

46. If the value of p is smaller or lesser than 0.5 then the binomial distribution
is classified as

A. skewed to right
B. skewed to left
C. skewed to infinity
D. skewed to integers
Ans A

47. If the value of success in binomial probability distribution is 0.40 and

failure is 0.60 and the number of values in distribution are 5 then the moment
coefficient of skewness is

A. 0.467
B. 0.167
C. 0.267
D. 0.367
Ans B

48. The demand of products per day for three days are 21, 19, 22 units and
their respective probabilities are 0.29, 0.40, 0.35. The profit per unit is $0.50 then
the expected profits for three days are

A. 21, 19, 22
B. 21.5, 19.5, 22.5
C. 0.29, 0.40, 0.35
D. 3.045, 3.8, 3.85
Ans D

49. he selling price of product is subtracted from purchasing price of product

to calculate

A. profit of product
B. loss of profit
C. cumulative average
D. weighted average
Ans A

50. The binomial probability distribution is classified as symmetric if

A. value of p and q is equal

B. value of p is greater than q
C. value of p is smaller than q
D. all of above
Ans A
Answer D
Answer D
Answer C