3G wireless networks.

3G wireless networks.

• In 1992, the ITU identified 230 MHz of spectrum in the 2 GHz

band to implement the IMT-2000 system on a worldwide
basis for satellite and terrestrial components.

• The aim of IMT-2000 is to provide universal coverage enabling

terminals to have seamless roaming across multiple networks.
 3G wireless networks.
 Flexibility
With the large number of mergers and consolidations occurring in the mobile industry, and the
move into foreign markets, operators wanted to avoid having to support a wide range of different
interfaces and technologies. This would surely have hindered the growth of 3G worldwide. The
IMT-2000 standard addresses this problem, by providing a highly flexible system, capable of
supporting a wide range of services and applications. The IMT-2000 standard accommodates five
possible radio interfaces based on three different access technologies (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA):

 Affordability
There was agreement among industry that 3G systems had to be affordable, in order to encourage
their adoption by consumers and operators.

 Compatibility with existing systems

 IMT-2000 services have to be compatible with existing systems. 2G systems, such as the GSM
standard (prevalent in Europe and parts of Asia and Africa) will continue to exist for some time and
compatibility with these systems must be assured through effective and seamless migration paths.

 Modular Design
The vision for IMT-2000 systems is that they must be easily expandable in order to allow for
growth in users, coverage areas, and new services, with minimum initial investment.
 3G wireless networks.
• These specifications were then integrated and developed by
the 3GPP project.

Organization Base region

Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) Japan
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) USA
China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) China
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Europe
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) Korea
Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) Japan

Telecommunications Standards Development Society India (TSDSI) India

3G wireless networks.
3G wireless networks.
 3G wireless networks.

• With the practical introduction of 3G wireless network speeds

increased from 144 kbps to 2Mbps.

• Larger bandwidth gave us the opportunity to avail a huge

variety of services from the internet such as..
 Live streaming…
 Video conferencing…
 Live 3D gaming…
 Send receive large emails etc…

• But all this with mobility…

 3G wireless networks.
• In addition to this we also have the IN/VAS service they
include...
 Televoting
 Call screening
 Telephone number portability
 Toll free calls/Freephone
 Prepaid calling
 Account card calling
 Virtual private networks (such as family group calling)
 Centrex service (Virtual PBX)
 Private-number plans (with numbers remaining unpublished in directories)
 Universal Personal Telecommunications service (a universal personal telephone number)
 Mass-calling service
 Prefix free dialing from cellphones abroad
 Seamless MMS message access from abroad.
 Reverse charging
 Home Area Discount
 Premium Rate calls
 Call distribution based on various criteria associated with the call
 Location-Based Routing
 Time-based routing
 Proportional call distribution (such as between two or more call centres or offices).
 Call queueing
 Call transfer
 3G wireless networks.
• In addition to this we also have the IN/VAS service
they include...
 Mobile TV & OTT services[2]
 Ringback tone (RBT & RRBT)[3]
 SMS Chatting & Dating Premium Services[4]
 Music Tracks Play, download and ring tones
 Sports and Infotainment Services
 Location-based services
 Missed call alerts and Voicemail box
 Online gaming
 Live streaming
 Devotional applications
 Mobile money & M-commerce based services
 Mobile advertising
 Contests & Voting
 Phone backup and Security Services
 Outbound Dialer Services
 WAP content downloads
 Utility Services
 Stickering
3G wireless networks.
3G wireless networks.
 3G wireless networks. (3G Msc)

• The 3G-MSC is the main CN element to provide CS services.

• The 3G-MSC also provides the necessary control and

corresponding signaling interfaces including SS7, MAP, ISUP
(ISDN user part), etc.

• The 3G MSC provides the interconnection to external

networks like PSTN and ISDN

• IN and CAMEL.

• OAM (operation, administration, and maintenance) agent

functionality.
 3G wireless networks. (3G SGSN)

• The 3G-SGSN is the main CN element for PS services.

• The 3G-SGSN provides the necessary control functionality

both toward the UE and the 3G-GGSN.

• It also provides the appropriate signaling and data interfaces

including connection to an IP-based network toward the 3G-
GGSN, SS7 toward the HLR/EIR/AUC and TCP/IP or SS7 toward
the UTRAN.
 3G wireless networks. (3G GGSN)

• The GGSN provides interworking with the external PS network.

• It is connected with SGSN via an IP-based network.

• Maintain information locations at SGSN level (macro-mobility)

• Gateway between UMTS packet network and external data

networks (e.g. IP, X.25)

• Charging: The GGSN collects charging information related to

external data network usage by the user.
 3G wireless networks. (SMS GMSC)

• Reception of short message packet data unit

(PDU).
• Interrogation of HLR for routing information.
• Forwarding of the short message PDU to the
MSC or SGSN using the routing information.
3G wireless networks.
 3G wireless networks.
(Adaptive multi rate voice coders)
• AMRs are used to dynamically adjust the compression rates for the voice or
speech.

• During high cell loading, such as during busy hours, the AMR codec uses lower
bit rates to offer higher capacity while providing slightly lower speech quality.

• Also if a mobile is running out of the cell coverage area and using maximum
transmission power, a lower AMR bit rate is used to extend the cell coverage
area.

• With the AMR speech codec, it is possible to achieve a trade-off between

capacity, coverage, and speech quality as per the service provider’s
requirements

• The AMR codec has eight source rates; 4.75, 5.15, 5.90, 6.70 (PDC-EFR), 7.40
(IS-641), 7.95 (VSELP), 10.2 and 12.2 kbps (GSM-EFR).
 3G wireless networks.
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview)
 3G wireless networks.
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview)
 lu Interface

 It consists of three different protocol planes

 The radio network control plane (RNCP),
 The transport network control plane (TNCP),
 The user plane (UP).

 The RNCP performs the following functions:

 It carries information for the general control of UTRAN radio network
 operations.
 It carries information for control of UTRAN in the context of each specific
 call.
 It carries user call control (CC) and mobility management (MM) signaling
 messages.
 3G wireless networks.
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview)
 The transport network control plane (TNCP) carries information for
the control of transport network used within UCN.

 The user plane (UP) carries user voice and packet data information.

 Iur Interface.

 Communication between one RNC and one Node B of two different

RNCs are realized through the Iur interface. Three different protocol
planes are defined for it:
 Radio network control plane (RNCP)
 Transport network control plane (TNCP)
 User plane (UP)
 3G wireless networks.
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview)
 lub Interface

 The connection between the RNC and Node B is the Iub interface.
There is one Iub interface for each Node B. The Iub interface is used
for all of the communications between Node B and the RNC of the
same RNS. Three different protocol planes are defined for it.
 Radio network control plane (RNCP)
 Transport network control plane (TNCP)
 User plane (UP)
 3G wireless networks.
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview)
 QoS Classes.
 UMTS defines four different QoS classes.
 These are conversational class, streaming class, interactive class, and
background class.

 The conversational and streaming classes are mostly used to carry real-time
traffic flows. The main difference between them is based on how delay
sensitive the traffic is. The conversational real-time services, such as video
telephony and speech are the most delay sensitive applications. They require
data streams to be carried in conversational class.

 The interactive class and background class are mainly used for traditional
applications such as www, e-mail, Telnet, FTP, and news. Due to less stringent
delay requirements compared to the conversational and streaming classes,
both classes provide a better error rate by means of channel coding and
retransmission.