ENG 10

The Nature of
Science and
Scientific Writing
 History of the scientific method
TODAY'S The scientific method
PRESENTATION Characteristics of science
DISCUSSION POINTS
Nature of a scientific paper
HISTORY OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FROM CLASSICAL TO POST-MODERN PERIOD

controlled and systematic

experimentation and

measurement

Falsifiablity
MUSLIM

INFLUENCE 20TH CENTURY

ANCIENT RENAISSANCE 2OTH CENTURY

GREECE/ Repetition of experiments Kuhn's The Structure of

PERSIA to verify results; both Scientific Revolutions

Aristotle's idea of measurement deduction and induction

and observation and inductive needed (Isaac Newton)

reasoning
THE SCIENTIFIC Observation

METHOD Identification and Statement of

the Problem

Formulation of the hypothesis

Experimentation

Conlusion
PROCESSES OF Application of Generalizations

SCIENCE to New Situations

Collection of Data

Analysis of Data

Synthesis of Data

Evaluation of Data
 Characteristics of Science

OBJECTIVE EMPIRICAL ACCURATE PRECISE

Any claim must be Scientific claims are Experimentations must The

verifiable and devoid based on observations yield consistent data. closeness of the claims

of any and experimentations Scientific claims are to the standards

personal and partial accurate if indicates a more

judgments. experimental data are refined degree of

close to each other. measurement.

 Characteristics of Science

SYSTEMATIC TENTATIVE

Scientific investigation
All scientific claims

is done in a methodical
may be revised in the

way. It follows the

light of new evidences

scientific method, from

and

the identification of
discoveries. No claim is

the problem to the

absolute and

drawing of
irrevocable.
conclusions.
 to assess observations

WHAT A to repeat experiments

SCIENTIFIC
PAPER IS
A SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION to evaluate intellectual
MUST DESCRIBE SUFFICIENT
INFORMATION TO ENABLE processes
PEERS
 LOGIC

A SCIENTIFIC
PAPER CLARITY

SHOULD
REFLECT THE
FF QUALITIES
OF THOUGHT: PRECISION