Drug Education and Vice Control

Definition of Terms

1875 - in San Francisco California, enacted an ordinance which banned

the smoking of opium in opium dens.

1919 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland.

1920 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in the United States.

1974 - the Inter Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was

created and played vital role in the integration of drug abuse

prevention concepts in social actions programs.

1979 - the first International non-governmental organization conference

was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the second which was held

from November 3 to 8, 1980 at Manila. After the second conference, the

Philippine council of Non-Governmental Organization was organized.

1988 - the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics

Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was held further bolstering anti

drug laws.
Addiction - A person has an addiction when he becomes dependent on or

craves a drug and believes he needs the drug to live. All an addicted

drug user can think about is getting the next dose after getting high.

Classification of Commonly Used Drugs

Psychoactive Drugs - These are often described as a psychotropic

(mind affecting) or mind altering drugs. It is a chemical substance

that changes ones thinking, feelings, perceptions and behaviors.

a. Depressants - they are drugs that affects the central nervous

system causing it to relax.

Common Types of Depressants

1. Narcotics - refers to any drugs which produces insensibility,

stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with delusion and

which may be habit forming.

2. Barbiturates - drugs that affect the central nervous system

causing sedation.

3. Tranquilizers - are drugs which relieves uncomfortable

emotional feelings by reducing anxiety and promoting

relaxation.

4. Alcohol - fermented or distilled liquids or drug

 containing ethanol and intoxicating substances.

5. Solvents and Inhalants - volatile liquids that give off a

vapor, which is inhaled producing short term excitement

and euphoric followed by a period of disorientation. Its

effect includes nausea, sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds,

fatigue,lack of coordination and loss of appetite.

b. Stimulants - chemical substances that generally speed up

central nervous system function, resulting in alertness and

excitability.

Common Types of Stimulants

1. Cocaine - a natural stimulants derived from the plant

erythroxylon coca.

2. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine - man made stimulants drugs.

3. Caffeine - a stimulant found in coffee.

4. Nicotine - an addictive substance usually obtained from

cigarette smoking.

c. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - sometimes known as “all rounder's”

and “mind expanders” these drugs affects the person

 perceptions, awareness, emotions and can also cause

hallucinations as well as illusions.

Common Types of Hallucinogens

1. Marijuana

2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

3. Ecstacy

4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and peyote

Cocaine - is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite

suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric

sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a quick acting drug

whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used

in medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye, nose and

throat surgery. It is a crystallinetropane alkaloid that is derived

from the leaves of the coca plant known as “Erythroxylon”

Alexander Bennet - he discovered the first medical use of

cocaine in 1873 as anesthetic.

1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.

1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as anesthetic.

 in Germany.

1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug.

Medellin and Cali Cartel - were founded in Colombia to meet the

new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel became the number one

cocaine trafficker after the death of Pablo Escobar.

Pablo Escobar - the founder of the Medellin Cartel who was

killed by the police in late 1993.

Chemicals – is any substance taken into the body, which alters the

way, the mind and the bodywork.

Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of a chemical has

produced a negative or harmful consequence.

Codeine - Methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic,

anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal properties. It is marketed as the

salt codeine sulfate and codeinephosphate. It is also often used

as recreational drugs. This is primarily because of its easy

availability over the counter or on prescription in combination

of products.

Dangerous Drugs - are those that have high tendency for abuse and

dependency, these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose

harm to those who use them.

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - marked the government assurance to strict

policy against drug abuse. The act was subsequently amended through

Presidential Degree No. 44. Dangerous Drug Board was created to

implement the provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as the national

policy making body and deal with other related matters on drug abuse

prevention and control.

Dangerous Drugs Board - is the policy making and strategy-formulating

body, under the office of the President, in the planning and

formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.

The late President Ferdinand E. Marcos, organized the Dangerous

Drugs Board on November 14, 1972 under the Office of the President.

National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board

1. DOH - Department of Health

2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development

3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports

4. DOJ - Department of Justice

5. DND - Department of National Defense

6. DOF - Department of Finance

7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government

8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment

9. DFA - Department of Foreign Affairs

10.CHED - Commission on Higher Education

11.NYC - National Youth Commission

12.PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

Permanent Consultants of the DDB

1. Director of the NBI

2. Chief of the PNP

Two Regular Members of the DDB

1. President of the IBP - Integrated Bar of the Philippines

2. Chairman or President of a non-government organization

involved in dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by

the President of the Philippines.

Oplan Iwas Droga - is the national flagship program on drug

abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995.

Barkada Kontra Droga - is a peer-based program designed as a

preventive education and information strategy to counter the

dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims to empower

individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in

advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement

in various wholesome activities.

IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network.

- is an online drug data pooling and collection system that

allows better management and assessment of the over-all drug

demand and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the

government.

DDB-DIAL - (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action

center created to receive reports and complaints related to

drug abuse as well as to provide relevant information and

assistance to the public.

KID Listo - is a mascot created to stand as an icon or

representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID

 means Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different

schools and communities all over the country to promote the

anti-drug advocacy.

5 Pillar Global Drug Control Approach

1. Drug Supply Reduction

2. Drug Demand Reduction

3. Alternative Development

4. Civic Awareness and Response

5. Regional and International Cooperation

Dangerous Drugs Board Certification - is issued to attest that

substance/s manufactured or imported by companies are not included in

the list of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential

chemicals.

Certificate of Exemption - is issued to exempt products or

preparations containing dangerous drugs and/or controlled

substances that are below and above the 30% threshold from

certain regulatory control measures.

Dependency - is the state of physical and psychological dependence,

or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person

following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.

Depressant - A depressant is a drug that slows a person down. Doctors

prescribed depressants to help people be less angry, anxious, or

tense. Depressants relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like

their head are stuffed.

Drugs - are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring

about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.

Drug Abuse - is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the

user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are

harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse exists when a person

continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued

use can lead to drug addiction and dependency.

General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse

1. Unexpected changes of behavior

2. Significant deterioration of grooming

3. Continually wear long sleeve clothing to hide injection marks

4. Wearing of sunglasses in appropriate time.

5. Weight loss not attributed to proper physical exercises.

6. Association with persons who are known drug abusers

7. Unusual spending of money

Drug Addiction – a state of periodic or chronic (continuous)

intoxication (drunk) detrimental to individual and to the society

produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.

- Drug addiction refers to the behavioral condition where

an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially, self-administer)

drugs becomes a strong fixation.

- Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic,

brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking,

and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant

drug use.

Drug Dependence - A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both

on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or

use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.

- Drug dependence describes the state when an

individual is dependent upon the drug for normal physiological

functioning.

Drug Experimenter - One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses

any narcotics substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as defined not

more than a few times for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or

other similar reasons.

Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned

by willful criminals who knowingly traffic human lives for the money.

Large sum of money, they can make in their illegal and nefarious trade.
The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples,

ruined lives, even agonizing death.

Ecstacy - In 1912 MDMA or Methylenedioxymetamphetamine was developed

in Germany as an appetite depressant by the pharmaceutical company

Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists and psychologist used the

drugs as treatment for emotional and psychological disorders. Among

the youth users referred it as the “sex drugs”. In its purest form

it is crystalline substance white powder with mastic odor.

Enabling - is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or

softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon

the user. Enabling only makes thing worse. It is like fighting

fire with gasoline.

Facility Based/Treatment Based Data - are data gathered from the

residential and out-patient treatment and rehabilitation centers in

the Philippines.

Hallucinogen - A hallucinogen is a drug, such as LSD, that changes a

person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think things that aren't

really there. Hallucinogens change the way a person feels time,

making it seem to slow down. As the name implies, hallucinogens may

cause hallucinations - this is when people think they see or hear

imaginary people or things.

Harrison Act - passed in 1914, which required sellers of opiates and

cocaine to procure license. Originally intended to require paper trails

of drug transactions between doctors, drug stores and patients, it

soon became a prohibitive law.

Hashish - It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of

potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude

marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense,

and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant

material in a solvent makes it. The plant materials then filtered out

and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance.

Heroin - is also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a semi synthetic opioid.

It mimics endorphins and creates a sense of well being upon entering

the bloodstream usually through intravenous injection. It is widely

used as a illegal drug for its intense euphoria, which often disappears

with increase tolerance.

High - A high is the feeling that drug users want to get when they

take drugs. There are many types of high, including a spacey feeling,

euphoria, or a feeling that a person has “special powers”, such as

the ability to fly or see into the future.

Lebanon - also became the transit country for cocaine from South America
to illicit drugs markets.

Marijuana - obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa”

a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and

tropic regions. A mind altering substance produced from cannavis sativa,

it is used because its primary active chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol

(THC) induces relaxation and heightens the senses.

Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in different forms:

1. Marijuana or Ganja - the leaves and flowering tops of female

plants.

2. Hashish or Charas - a concentrated resin composed of glandular

trichomes and vegetative debris that has been physically extracted

usually by rubbing, sifting or with ice.

3. Kif or Kief - the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis

plants, often mixed with tobacco,Moroccan hashish produced

in the Rif mountains.Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of

only the glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as

“Crystals or Pollen”.

4. Bhang - a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in

milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.

5. Hash Oil - an oily mixture resulting fromchemical extraction

or distillation of theTHC- rich part of the plant.

6. Budder - hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it

more like butter.

 Methods/Apparatus in Smoking Marijuana

1. The Joint

2. The Blunt

3. The Hookah

4. The Bong - is a tube with a small bowl at the end of a

thinner tube inserted throughthe side near the base.

5. The Waterfall

6. The Pipe

7. The Shotgun

8. The Chillum

9. The One Hitter or Bat - is a contrivance that allows the

small amount of cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a

single breath.

Middle East - the Bec ka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the

biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.

Morphine - is a strong opiate analgesic drug and is the principal

active agent in opium. It acts directly on the central nervous system

relieving pain. It is claimed to be six (6) times more potent than

opium. It is administered into the body by means of injection. It is

used legally as an analgesic in hospital setting to relieve pain

after surgery and pain associated with trauma.

Most Commonly Used/Abused Substances In The Philippines

1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Shabu)

2. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana

3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)

Motbok - an alcohol rationing system with personal ration record book

employed by Sweden from 1914 to 1955.

Narcotics - is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves

pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. A

term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep “Narkotikos".

Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papayer Somniferum”.

It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original

components of Morphine and Heroin. It was known to be cultivated in

lower Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De Medicina (30 AD), Aulus

Cornelius Celsus specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an

emollient for painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills

promoting relief of pain through sleep.

Opium Preparation - The smoking of opium does not involve the

burning of the material as might be imagined. The prepared opium

is indirectly heated to temperature at which active alkaloids,

mainly Morphine, are vaporized.

 Opium Chemical Properties and Physiological Effects - Opium

includes two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes(including

Morphine and Codeine) and Benzylisoquinolines

(including Papaverine).

Opium Medical Uses - Opium has been a major commodity of trade

for centuries, due to the fact that it has long been used as a

pain killer and sedative.

Presidential Proclamation No.1192 - declared the 2nd week of November

as Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week, and celebrated every year.

Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use

that reveals itself by development of intense physical symptoms when

the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

Polydrug Abuse - Many people who abuse on drug tend to take all sorts

of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulettes” by taking everything

including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse.

Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which arises from

a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an

individual. (Physical dependence not required but it does not seem to

reinforce psychological dependence.

RA 9165 - commonly known as The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of

2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.

Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - continues as policy making body

and it formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

as the led agency in the enforcement of the law under the office

of the President.

The new law abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and

Prevention Coordinating Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the

NBI Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office.

Establishing the proper intelligence network has been inherent

task given by the law to PDEAin coordination with the following

support units:The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task

Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with

other government and non-government entities dedicated to curb

the drug problem.

National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs

1. Supply Reduction Strategy - which refers to the concept of

keeping the drugs away from the potential drug users.

Intended Programs

a. Law Enforcement
 b. Amendments of the Law

2. Demand Reduction Strategy - refers to the concept of keeping the

potential users awayfrom drugs.

Intended Programs

a. Preventive Education

b. Sports Development

c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery

d. Treatment and Rehabilitation

3. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination - refers to

an effective and efficient cooperation and coordination of all

local and international agencies of the government.

Intended Programs

a. Joint Training and Exercises

b. Intelligence Networking

c. Interdiction Operation

Rehabilitation - is a dynamic process directed towards the changes

on the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life

potentials and capabilities, and making him law-abiding and productive

member of the community without abusing drugs.

Shabu - Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. This

crystalline powder is solute in water making it an ideal drug for

injection. During world War II, the drugs was used as stimulants for

combat soldiers. After the war it was regarded as a cure all for

treatment in mild depression and a good weight control substance.

In the mid 80’s it was introduced in the Philippines and has gained

popularity not only in urban areas but rural communities as well. It

is also regarded as poor man’s cocaine.

Stimulant - A stimulant speeds up a person's body and brain.

Stimulants, such as methamphetamines, have the opposite effect of

depressants. Usually stimulants make a person high energetic. When

the effects of a stimulant wear off, a person will feel tired

or sick.

Tetrahydrocannabinol - (THC) It is the psychoactive agent of marijuana.

The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent is the drug. It is

also known as the “sinister element” in marijuana. This is what causes the

“high lift” or “trip” in marijuana users.

The Golden Crescent

1. Afghanistan

2. Pakistan

3. Iran

4. India
The Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking

1. Laos

2. Thailand

3. Burma

Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same

effect.

Treatment – Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of hit total conditions related to drug abuse. It deals

with the physiological without abusing drugs.

Withdrawal Period - From the point of habituation or drug dependence

up to the time a drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived of

the drug.

Related Readings:

1. Drug Education and Vice Control

2. Drug Education Review Questions