SEPTUM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM thin wall divides the heart into left side and right side
- the body's transport system
- also called as cardiovascular system
- it composed of heart, blood vessels and blood
- responsible for distributing nutrients, oxygen and other
essential substances to all parts of the body.
- it also takes away carbon dioxide and other waste
materials to the different excretory organs
CARDIO-refers to heart
VASCULAR-refers to a channel or passage through which
blood passess
HEART
-hollow muscular organ about the sized of a clenched fist
- located just behind the sternum and between the lungs
- it contracts and relaxes rhythmically as it pumps blood to
the different parts of the body.
2400 million times the average pump or beats
of heart 500 million liters of blood
amount of blood pump by heart
VALVES
flaps of muscles that prevent the back flow of the blood
- they ensure that blood flow into one direction
- blood can pass freely from atria into the ventricles
- the blood cannot flow back into the atria when ventricles
contract
TRICUSPID VALVE
divides the right atrium from the right ventricle
BICUSPID VALVE OR MITRAL VALVE
divides the left atrium and left ventricle
BLOOD VESSELS
tubes that serve as passageways for blood to reach the
different part of the body
THREE KINDS OF BLOOD VESSELS
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
ARTERIES
Carry blood away from the heart
- they carry oxygen- rich blood except for the pulmonary
arteries which carries blood with carbon dioxide and other
waste from lungs
- they have walls that are thick, tough and flexible which
enable them to endure increase blood pressure
- they are situated deep within the body
- arteries closer to the heart are larger , they become
smaller ad smaller as they got far from heart.

3 LAYERS OF ARTERIES
1. INNER LAYER
- consist of flattened cells
2. MIDDLE LAYER
- smooth muscle with elastic fibers that help regulate the
flow of blood
3. OUTER LAYER
- has connective tissue that prevents the artery from being
damaged
AORTA
- the largest artery which is about the size of the thumb
ARTERIOLES
- smallest arteries , they are thinner than a piece of thread
CAPILLARIES
finer blood vessels which is a branch of arterioles that can
be seen under microscope
- they connect the arterioles and venules
- they allow the exchange of materials from the blood to
the cells and vice versa.
- Oxygen and nutrients are transported from the blood to
PERICARDIUM
the cell and waste such as carbon dioxide leave the cell to
protective sac of heart which contains fluid to enables the
the blood.
heart to slide smoothly as it contracts and relaxes
- It also help control the temperature of the body.
MYOCARDIUM
- heart wall beneath the pericardium HOW CAPILLARIES HELP CONTROL TEMPERATURE
- it has definite cycle of contraction and relaxation IN THE BODY?
FOUR CHAMBERS OF HEART During intense activity capillaries in the skin expand and
UPPER CHAMBER- Atrium/ Atria allow excess heat in the blood to dissipate cooling the
1. left atrium body down
2. Right atrium VEINS
bring blood from the different parts of the body back to the
LOWER CHAMBER- Ventricles heart.
1. Right Ventricle - it contains carbon dioxide and other waste except
2. Left Ventricle Pulmonary Vein ( carries blood rich in oxygen from lungs
ATRIA / ATRIUM to heart)
- smaller and have thinner wall than ventricles - its wall are thinner, less elastic and less muscular than
- act as reservoirs for the blood entering the heart. those of arteries
RIGHT ATRIUM 2 LARGE VEINS
- holds the blood from other parts of the body Superior and Inferior Vena Cava which both empty to the
LEFT ATRIUM right atrium
- hold the blood from the lungs VENULES
VENTRICLES smallest veins
- bigger and thicker walls they function in pumping blood BLOOD
RIGHT VENTRICLE -referred as the red river of life because it delivers vital
pumps blood to the lungs nutrients and essential thing such as oxygen to the
LEFT VENTRICLE different parts of the body.
pumps blood to the parts of the body - It carries away waste products like carbon dioxide and
excess water from excretion.
- It also carries white blood cells that protect the body from CORONARY CIRCULATION
diseases and infection. - Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
- It controls body temperature by cooling active parts and -blood passes in the coronary arteries then to coronary
muscles such as the heart and warming the less active capillaries to distribute oxygen, nutrients and collect waste
parts like the toes then it proceed to coronary veins which pour out blood into
- it transport hormones and other substances needed for the atrium of the heart.
stimulating body processes
PARTS OF BLOOD AILMENTS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. SOLID PART OR CELLULAR PART 1. Hypertension
- it consist of blood plasma and platelets 2.Stroke
2. LIQUID PART 3. Rheumatic Heart Disease
- consist of plasma 4. Leukemia
PLASMA 5. Anemia
- liquid part of blood which is straw yellow in color made up HYPERTENSION
of 90% water and 10% proteins, nutrients, waste, a sudden rise in blood pressure caused by narrowing of
hormones and dissolved electrolytes arteries causing heart to pump harder
- it carries bodies manufactured by white blood cells to ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
defend the body against disease causing germs narrowing of arteries because of too much fatty substance
CELLULAR PART OF BLOOD on its wall.
- consist of red blood cell, white blood cells and the cell It may result to rupture of blood vessels
fragments called platelet STROKE
RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) -occurs when blood clot is formed and blocks the arteries
- produce in the red marrow of the bone to the brain
- also called as erythrocytes - it also a rsult of blood vessels rupturing due to high
- carry oxygen from the lungs and transport it to all body pressure causing the brain cells to fail to recieve enough
tissues and sequester carbon dioxide and other wastes supply of oxygen and nutrients
- it contains hemoglobin - It may lead to paralysis
HEMOGLOBIN
a substance which is rich in iron and gives the blood red RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
color when it combines with oxygen -result of rheumatic fever caused by repeated throat
infections by bacteria.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) - This bacteria goes down to the heart and caused swelling
- also called as leucocytes of its inner lining or the narrowing of the mitral valve
- bigger than red blood cells but are fewer in number causing the heart to weakened
- there is 1 wbc for every 500 rbc
- the soldier of the body because they protect and defend LEUKEMIA
the body against disease and infection - known as the cancer of the blood
- it increased in number in the presence of infection or - it occurs when there is production of immature white
injury blood cells in bone marrow.
TWO TYPES OF WBC
1. Phagocyte - get rid of bacteria and worn out cells Treatment: blood transfusion
2. Lymphocytes- antibodies that help fight infection ANEMIA
PLATELETS OR THROMBOCYTES -condition where there is a decrease of hemoglobin in the
not complete cells but fragment cells rbc
-play an important role in blood clotting - LESS HEMOGLOBIN LESS SUPPLY OF OXYGEN TO
- when blood tissue are damage due to wound or cut the THE CELLS
platelet bond together to help form blood clots to prevent cause by: Iron and Vit. B12 deficiencies
loss of blood. too much blood loss
- Lack of platelet cause excessive bleeding low production or rapid destruction of red blood
WHY CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED AS cell
CLOSED SYSTEM Symptoms: fatigue
because let blood flows continuously, from heart to
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR CIRCULATORY
different parts of the body then back to the heart
SYSTEM
CIRCULATION
1. Have a balance diet
The flow of blood around the body and back to the heart
2. Avoid too much fatty and salty foods
3 COMMON PATHS OF CIRCULATION
3. Avoid smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages
1. Systemic Circulation
because these may harm lungs, heart and blood vessels
2. Pulmonary Circulation
4. Exercise regularly to maintain healthy body and promote
3. Coronary Circulation
normal blood circulation
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
5. Avoid extreme emotions, tensions and stress.
-bigger circulation involving the whole body system
6. Have enough rest and sleep to reduce stress
- it begin from left side of the heart to the different parts of
7. Never take medicine without doctor's prescription
the body and back to the right side of the heart , lungs are
Fatty Foods
not involved
rich in cholesterol that causes clogging in the blood
OXYGENATED BLOOD
vessels
blood rich in oxygen, that pass out through the aorta to the
Salty foods
smaller arteries to the arterioles and to capillaries
may cause development of heart disease for people with
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
high blood pressure
- it carries carbon dioxide and waste , As the blood enters
the venules it become deoxygenated WHAT CONTAIN CIGARETTE THAT HARM THE
- It enters the superior and inferior vena cava HEART
PULMONARY CIRCULATION Cigarette contains nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide that
deoxygenated blood flows from the right side of the heart damage not only your lungs but also block the blood
then goes to the lungs to take away carbon dioxide , the vessels and reduce oxygen in the blood. It increase heart
deoxygenated blood become oxygenated rate and raised blood pressure.
- the circulation is only between heart and lungs