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TAX REVIEW

1. What is the composition of the Court of Tax Appeals and by whom are the
members thereof appointed?

the Court is headed by a Presiding Justice and assisted by five (5) Associate Justices. They
shall have the same qualifications, rank, category, salary, emoluments and other privileges,
be subject to the same inhibitions and disqualifications and enjoy the same retirement and
other benefits as those provided for under existing laws for the Presiding Justice and
Associate Justices of the Court of Appeals. A decision of a division of the CTA may be
appealed to the CTA En Banc, and the latter's decision may further be appealed by verified
petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court.

the CTA is now composed of one Presiding Justice and eight Associate Justices. The CTA
may sit en banc or in three divisions with each division consisting of three justices

which added three more members (and one more division) to the court

Incumbent Justices[edit]
Name of Court of
Date of Date of Date of
Tax Appeals Position
Appointment Birth Retirement
Justices

Hon. Roman G. del October 6,


Presiding Justice March 13, 2013 October 6, 2025
Rosario 1955

Hon. Juanito C. April 26, 2004 as October 1, 2001 as June 24,


June 24, 2022
Castañeda, Jr. Associate Justice Associate Judge 1952

May 28,
Hon. Erlinda P. Uy Associate Justice October 5, 2004 May 28, 2023
1953

Hon. Esperanza R. August 3,


Associate Justice November 27, 2009 August 3, 2020
Fabon-Victoriano 1950

Hon. Cielito N. June 17,


Associate Justice November 27, 2009 June 17, 2020
Mindaro-Grulla 1950

Hon. Maria Belen February February 25,


Associate Justice May 17, 2013
Ringpis Liban 25, 1957 2027

Hon. Catherine T. January 2,


Associate Justice December 6, 2016 January 2, 2026
Manahan 1956

Vacant Associate Justice

Vacant Associate Justice


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2. Does the Court of Tax Appeals have the power to review tax cases motu propio?
Explain your answer.

3. State the cases under the exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the CTA.

Sec. 7. Jurisdiction. - The CTA shall exercise:

"a. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal, as herein provided:

"1. Decisions of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed


assessments, refunds of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in
relation thereto, or other matters arising under the National Internal Revenue or other
laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue;

"2. Inaction by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed


assessments, refunds of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in
relations thereto, or other matters arising under the National Internal Revenue Code
or other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue, where the National
Internal Revenue Code provides a specific period of action, in which case the
inaction shall be deemed a denial;

"3. Decisions, orders or resolutions of the Regional Trial Courts in local tax cases
originally decided or resolved by them in the exercise of their original or appellate
jurisdiction;

"4. Decisions of the Commissioner of Customs in cases involving liability for customs
duties, fees or other money charges, seizure, detention or release of property
affected, fines, forfeitures or other penalties in relation thereto, or other matters
arising under the Customs Law or other laws administered by the Bureau of
Customs;

"5. Decisions of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals in the exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction over cases involving the assessment and taxation of real
property originally decided by the provincial or city board of assessment appeals;

"6. Decisions of the Secretary of Finance on customs cases elevated to him


automatically for review from decisions of the Commissioner of Customs which are
adverse to the Government under Section 2315 of the Tariff and Customs Code;

"7. Decisions of the Secretary of Trade and Industry, in the case of nonagricultural
product, commodity or article, and the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of
agricultural product, commodity or article, involving dumping and countervailing
duties under Section 301 and 302, respectively, of the Tariff and Customs Code, and
safeguard measures under Republic Act No. 8800, where either party may appeal
the decision to impose or not to impose said duties.

"b. Jurisdiction over cases involving criminal offenses as herein provided:

"1. Exclusive original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses arising from violations of
the National Internal Revenue Code or Tariff and Customs Code and other laws
administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs: Provided,
however, That offenses or felonies mentioned in this paragraph where the principal
amount o taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and penalties, claimed is less than
One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) or where there is no specified amount claimed
shall be tried by the regular Courts and the jurisdiction of the CTA shall be appellate.
Any provision of law or the Rules of Court to the contrary notwithstanding, the
criminal action and the corresponding civil action for the recovery of civil liability for
taxes and penalties shall at all times be simultaneously instituted with, and jointly
determined in the same proceeding by the CTA, the filing of the criminal action being
deemed to necessarily carry with it the filing of the civil action, and no right to reserve
the filling of such civil action separately from the criminal action will be recognized.

"2. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in criminal offenses:


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"a. Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional
Trial Courts in tax cases originally decided by them, in their respected
territorial jurisdiction.

"b. Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or orders of the
Regional Trial Courts in the exercise of their appellate jurisdiction over tax
cases originally decided by the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial
Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in their respective jurisdiction.

"c. Jurisdiction over tax collection cases as herein provided:

"1. Exclusive original jurisdiction in tax collection cases involving final


and executory assessments for taxes, fees, charges and penalties:
Provided, however, That collection cases where the principal amount
of taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and penalties, claimed is less
than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) shall be tried by the proper
Municipal Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court and Regional Trial
Court.

"2. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in tax collection cases:

"a. Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of


the Regional Trial Courts in tax collection cases originally
decided by them, in their respective territorial jurisdiction.

"b. Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or


orders of the Regional Trial Courts in the Exercise of their
appellate jurisdiction over tax collection cases originally
decided by the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial
Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, in their respective
jurisdiction."

4. Which of the following propositions may now be untenable?

a. The court should construe a law granting tax exemption strictly against the
taxpayer.
b. The court should construe a law granting a municipal corporation the
power to tax most strictly.
c. The Court of Tax Appeals has jurisdiction over decisions of the Customs
Commissioner in cases involving liability for customs duties.
d. The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction to review decisions of the Court of
Tax Appeals.
e. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to review decisions of the Court of
Appeals.

5. After filing an information for violation of Section 254 of the NIRC (Attempt to
Evade or Defeat Tax) with the CTA, the Public Prosecutor manifested that the
People is reserving the right to file the corresponding civil action for the recovery
of the civil liability for taxes. As counsel for the accused, comment on the
People’s manifestation.
SUGGESTED ANSWER

The manifestation is not proper. The criminal action and the corresponding civil action for
the recovery of the civil liability for taxes and penalties shall at all times be simultaneously
instituted with, and jointly determined in the same proceeding before the Court of Tax
Appeal (CTA). The filing of the criminal action is deemed to necessarily carry with it the filing
of the civil action, and no right to reserve the filing of such civil action separately from the
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criminal action shall be recognized (Sec. 7(b)(1) of Republic Act. No. 9282: Judy Anne Santos
v. People, G.R. No. 173176, August 26, 2008, 563 SCRA 341).

6. The prescriptive period to file a criminal action is:

a. Ten (10) years from the date of discovery of the commission of fraud or
non-filing of tax return.
b. Five (5) years from the date of issuance of the final assessment notice.
c. Three (3) years from the filing of the annual tax return.
d. Five (5) years from the commission of the violation of the law, and if the
same be not known at the time, from the discovery thereof and the
institution of judicial proceedings for its investigation and punishment.

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