FAMILY AND FRIENDS

1. What is the average family like in Hungary?

The average Hungarian family consists of four members but there are families with more
than two children and many couples get divorced and the children usually stay with the
mother. In some families there are three generations living together but it’s not very
typical.
2. What is your own family like? (distant and close relatives)
3. Do you get on well with your family? How much time do you spend together? What
do you do together?
4. What family occasions do you celebrate? What is the greatest family festival for
you?
5. What does your sister/brother etc. look like?
6. Who do you take after in appearance and character?
7. Is the generation gap bigger today than before?
On the one hand the relationship between children, parents and grandparents is more
informal than before, the rules of behaviour are not as strict as before. On the other hand
very few families live together with the grandparents because the lifestyle of the younger
generations is so different.
8. Does an only child miss a lot of things?
In my opinion they more often feel lonely, especially if they don’t have many friends.
Brothers and sisters can discuss their problems and help each other with everything. It’s
important that they learn to share things, that’s why they usually become more generous
than only children.
9. At what age do young people usually leave home in Hungary?
Young people usually leave their homes when they get married or when they start to
work or study after secondary school. Students mostly stay in a student hostel or live in
digs somewhere near the college or university but others move from home only when
they can afford either to buy or rent a flat.
10. Are you married?
11. What is the ideal age to start a family?
It depends on many things, for example on the circumstances and the personalities of
the couple. Most young people think it’s a good idea to finish your studies and have a job
and a place to stay before you start a family. So generally speaking both men and
women get married later than previous generations used to because they need time to
build a career and create a safe financial background for the family. The advantage is
that they are more mature and responsible but the disadvantage is that they might run
out of time and have fewer children. However early marriages might have drawbacks as
well. A lot of young couples get divorced after a very short time because they get
disappointed when they realize they have almost nothing in common with their partner.
12. How have traditional family roles changed lately?
In the traditional family the father used to be the breadwinner and the mother used to
look after the children and run the house.
In the modern family mothers go out to work and have a career as well. As a result they
need their husband’s help with the housework and bringing up the children. More and
more fathers help with the shopping and cooking, collect the children from the
kindergarten or school. What’s more some of them stay at home with the young children
on childcare leave while the mother goes out to work.
13. How do you imagine your future family?
14. What is your picture of an ideal wife/husband like?
An ideal wife should be warm, understanding, emotional and good with children. I would
like to have an intelligent, optimistic, lively, energetic person, who has a good sense of
humour. She shouldn’t be touchy or bossy.
 An ideal husband should be reliable, honest, faithful and should feel responsible for his
family. It’s also important that he should be active, energetic, confident, sensible and
optimistic. He shouldn’t be quick-tempered, impolite or unreliable.
15. Why do you think more and more marriages break up?
Some couples just don’t understand each other. Others don’t have enough time for each
other because of their career. Stressful lifestyle makes people impatient. They argue
instead of listening to each other and discussing the problems.
16. What do you think of large families?
I think large families are happy families. Children growing up in a large family naturally
learn that they are not the centre of the universe. They learn to share their toys, sweets
or problems with each other. They never feel lonely. They can turn to each other for help
but they also learn how to become independent. They have to help with the housework
so they learn how to cooperate with other members of the family.
However, large families might have to face a number of difficulties. It’s not easy to raise a
huge amount of money for their needs. Children in large families simply can’t have
everything they want. The parents usually can afford to buy only a few new clothes or
toys for them.
17. What is your best friend like?
18. What is your picture of an ideal friend like?
19. How do you keep in contact?
20. What does friendship mean to you? Why is it important to have friends?

1. average átlagos
consist of áll vmiből
couple pár
get divorced elválik
2. distant and close relatives távoli és közeli rokonok
aunt nagynéni
uncle nagybácsi
nephew unokaöccs
niece unokahúg
cousin unokatestvér
in-laws házastárs rokonai
mother-in-law anyós
daughter-in-law meny
sister-in-law sógornő
godfather keresztapa
step-father mostoha apa
step-brother mostohafivér
twins ikrek
3. get on well with sy jól kijön vkivel
argue with sy veszekszik vkivel
4. celebrate ünnepel
family occasions/festivals családi ünnepek
wedding anniversary házassági évforduló
engagement eljegyzés
give a present ajándékot ad
get a present ajándékot kap
surprise meglepetés
a bunch of flowers virágcsokor
give a party bulit rendez
invite meghív
birthday cake szülinapi torta
blow the candles elfújja a gyertyákat
 cook one’s favourite dishes megfőzi vki kedvenc ételeit
drink champagne pezsgőt iszik
wish sy many happy returns of the day boldog …-t kíván
5. appearance megjelenés
be in one’s teens/twenties tizes/huszas éveiben van
middle-aged középkorú
elderly idősödő
be of medium height középmagas
overweight túlsúlyos
plump dundi
slim/slender karcsú
skinny sovány, szikár
heavily-built erős testalkatú
medium-length félhosszú
shoulder-length vállig érő
straight egyenes
wavy hullámos
curly göndör
blonde/fair szőke
dark/black sötét/fekete
grey/white ősz
red vörös
thinning hair ritkuló haj
bald kopasz
have a pony tail lófarka van
fringe frufru
thin/full lips keskeny/telt ajkak
oval/round/square/long face ovális/kerek/szögletes/hosszúkás arc
wrinkled ráncos
freckled szeplős
tanned/rosy/pale complexion napbarnított/rózsás/sápadt arcszín
moustache bajusz
beard szakáll
good-looking jó megjelenésű
attractive vonzó
handsome jóképű
pretty csinos
6. take after sy hasonlít vkire
personality személyiség
personal qualities belső tulajdonságok
honest becsületes, őszinte
confident magabiztos
creative kreatív
energetic energikus
lively életteli, élénk
flexible rugalmas
rational/sensible racionális, ésszerű
reliable/unreliable megbízható/megbízhatatlan
tolerant toleráns
patient/impatient türelmes/türelmetlen
well-balanced kiegyensúlyozott
cheerful/happy vidám
optimistic/pessimistic derűlátó/borúlátó
cooperative együttműködő
 emotional érzelemgazdag
sociable társaság kedvelő
generous nagylelkű
sensitive érzékeny
selfish önző
moody szeszélyes
forgetful feledékeny
shy félénk
touchy sértődékeny
cheeky szemtelen
quick-tempered hirtelenharagú
stubborn makacs
have a good sense of humour jó humorérzéke van
speak one’s mind kimondja, amit gondol
7. generation gap generációk közti szakadék
relationship kapcsolat
behaviour viselkedés
strict szigorú
lifestyle életstílus
8. only child egyedüli gyerek
miss hiányzik neki, lemarad vmiről
feel lonely magányosnak érzi magát
discuss megvitat, megbeszél
share megoszt
9. get married megházasodik
marry sy elvesz vkit, hozzámegy vkihez
student hostel kollégium
live in digs albérletben lakik
can afford sth megengedhet magának vmit
10. married házas
divorced elvált
single egyedülálló
engaged el van jegyezve
11. depend on sth függ vmitől
circumstances körülmények
advantage/disadvantage előny/hátrány
responsible (for sth) felelős (vmiért)
mature érett
drawback hátulütő, árnyoldal
disappointed csalódott
realize rájön, észrevesz
have a lot/nothing in common sok/semmi a közös bennük
12. family roles családi szerepek
breadwinner kenyérkereső
look after sy/sth gondját viseli vkinek/vminek
bring up felnevel
childcare leave gyermekgondozási szabadság
14. bossy dirigálós
faithful hűséges
15. break up felbomlik
16. grow up felnő
turn to sy vkihez fordul
independent önálló
raise money pénzt előteremt
 amount mennyiség
19. keep in contact tartja a kapcsolatot
see sy találkozik vkivel, meglátogat vkit

DAILY ROUTINE AND HOBBIES

1. Do you find it difficult to get up in the mornings?

2. Do you ever oversleep?
3. Are you in a hurry in the mornings?
4. What do you do when you get up?
5. Do you sleep longer at the weekends?
6. What does your breakfast consist of?
7. How do you go to work/school?
8. How many hours do you work a day?
9. Where do you have lunch?
10. How do you spend the afternoon and the evening?
11. How do you share the housework in your family?
12. What household equipment/appliances do you use?
13. What is the best time for you to study?

1. set the alarm clock beállítja az ébresztő órát

wake sy up felébreszt vkit
early/late riser korán/későn kelő
jump out of bed kiugrik az ágyból
2. oversleep elalszik (reggel)
exhausted kimerült
3. be in a hurry siet
leave for school/work elindul az iskolába/munkába
4. have a wash/shower/bath megmosakszik/lezuhanyzik/megfürdik
dry oneself with a towel megtörölközik
shave borotválkozik
comb one’s hair fésülködik
brush one’s teeth fogat mos
get dressed felöltözik
put on sth felvesz vmit
take off sth levesz vmit
make up one’s face sminkel
soap szappan
shower gel tusfürdő
shampoo sampon
have a look at the papers átnézi az újságokat
turn on the radio bekapcsolja a rádiót
air the room kiszellőzteti a szobát
6. buttered toast vajas pirítós
scrambled/fried eggs rántotta/tükörtojás
hard-/soft-boiled egg kemény/lágy tojás
cereal gabonapehely
cold cuts felvágott
sausages virsli/kolbászfélék
white coffee tejeskávé
yoghurt joghurt
roll zsemle
7. go on foot/walk gyalog megy
 go by bus/take a bus busszal megy
ride a bike biciklivel megy
go by car/drive autóval megy
9. canteen menza
self-service restaurant önkiszolgáló étterem
warm sth up in a microwave oven megmelegít vmit a mikróban
10. do some shopping on the way home útban hazafelé bevásárol
prepare for the lessons készül az órákra
go out kimozdul otthonról
have a rest/relax pihen
chat with one’s roommates beszélget a szobatársaival
11. household chores házimunkák
tidy the room rendbe rakja a szobát
do/clean the room kitakarítja a szobát
dust the furniture leporolja a bútorokat
hoover the carpets kiporszívózza a szőnyegeket
do the washing up/wash the dishes elmosogat
sweep and wash the kitchen floor felsepri és felmossa a konyhakövet
wash the clothes kimossa a ruhákat
hang the washing kitereget
iron the clothes kivasalja a ruhákat
water the plants meglocsolja a növényeket
clean the windows megtisztítja az ablakokat
empty the rubbish kiviszi a szemetet
lay/clear the table megterít/leszedi az asztalt
mow the lawn lenyírja a füvet
make the bed beágyaz
12. household equipment/appliances/devices háztartási eszközök
dishwasher mosogatógép
vacuum cleaner/hoover porszívó
washing machine mosógép
hairdrier hajszárító
electric razor elektromos borotva
lawn-mower fűnyíró
blender turmixgép
food processor konyhai robotgép
fridge/refrigerator hűtőgép
freezer fagyasztó
deep-frier olajsütő
gas/electric cooker gáz/elektromos tűzhely
oven sütő
coffeemaker kávéfőző
13. concentrate koncentrál
total silence teljes csend
background noise háttérzaj

1. What are your hobbies?

2. What would you take up as a hobby if you could?
3. What are the most popular pastimes in Hungary/England?
4. Which hobbies are typically for men/women?
5. Do you prefer indoor or outdoor hobbies? (Give examples.)
6. Why is it important to have a hobby?
 Hobbies are a form of recreation. They help you forget your problems and relax after a
hard day’s work. A hobby gives you an opportunity to do something completely different
from your usual work or to make new friends. A good hobby is a real source of pleasure.
7. Do people’s hobbies change when they grow older?
I think they do. For example, people usually grow out of collecting things. Young adults
like doing more exciting or dangerous things like bungee jumping, diving or gliding, but
as they get older and have families, they start doing something in which the whole family
can take part. Many families go hiking or skiing together.
8. Have you got any pets? What animals can people keep as pets?
9. Have you ever collected anything? What do people collect as a hobby?
10. What kinds of creative ways of spending free time can you think of?

1-5. do-it-yourself barkácsolás

play cards/boardgames/chess kártyázik/társasjátékozik/sakkozik
painting/drawing fesés/rajzolás
sewing varrás
knitting kötés
play musical instruments hangszereken játszani
play the piano/guitar/drums zongorázik/gitározik/dobol
doing crossword puzzles rejtvényfejtés
keep pets hobbiállatot tart
fishing/angling horgászás
hiking túrázás
caving barlangászás
pottery agyagozás
going to exhibitions kiállításra jár
folk dancing néptáncolás
taking photos fotózás
make videos videofelvételeket készít
play computer games számítógépen játszik
climb a mountain hegyet mászik
whitewater rafting vadvízi evezés
parachuting ejtőernyőzés
6. recreation kikapcsolódás, pihenés
give an opportunity lehetőséget nyújt
make friends barátokat szerez
source of pleasure örömforrás
grow older idősödik
grow out of sth kinő vmiből
diving búvárkodás
gliding siklórepülés
take part in sth részt vesz vmiben
8. hamster hörcsög
budgie törpepapagáj
tortoise teknőc
guinea pig tengerimalac
9. coin érme
napkin szalvéta
stamp bélyeg
picture postcard képeslap
beer can sörösdoboz
cactus kaktusz
 EDUCATION

1. Where do you study?

2. What is your major?
3. Which year are you in?
4. How do you get on with your group mates?
5. What kind of difficulties do students face?
6. What do students have to do to get their degree? When are you going to graduate?
7. Describe the educational system in Hungary.
Children usually start school at the age of six. First they go to primary school for eight
years. Then they attend secondary school for four years. There are three types of
secondary schools in Hungary: secondary grammar, secondary technical and vocational
schools. Mostly those students choose secondary grammar schools who plan to go on to
higher education. Students who would like to learn a trade besides passing their school
leaving exam go to secondary technical schools. Vocational schools train skilled workers,
such as plumbers, bricklayers and hairdressers. These institutions are mostly state
owned.
Higher education institutions (colleges, universities) are also mainly operated by the
state. However, some of them are run by different foundations or churches.
8. Is pre-school education compulsory?
Yes, at least one year. Kindergartens prepare children for school. They learn how to use
pens and pensils, and how to behave in community.
9. Did you do well at school? What subjects were you good at/bad at?
10. Do you think exams are necessary?
Most students hate exams because they are too nervous and it’s hard to concentrate
under stress. Many of them think that marking is often subjective. On the other hand
tests and exams make students work harder, help them improve their skills and
knowledge.
11. How can students finance their studies?
Studying is expensive. Students need money for travelling, accommodation, meals,
books and tuition fee. Most parents support their children and students can get a grant
from the state. The amount of this depends on their grades. However, students can also
apply for a special loan from the state, which they have to pay back in monthly
installments when they start working. Some students take up a part time job to earn
some money.
12. What are good teachers like?
A good teacher should be well-trained, helpful, tolerant and fair. In my opinion teachers
need to be strict, but they also have to be able to give clear explanations and answer the
students’ questions. It’s good if their classes are enjoyable and sometimes even funny.
13. How do people learn languages in Hungary? What can you do to improve your
English?
In Hungary there are two compulsory foreign languages at most schools. That’s why
people start learning languages there. There are students who go to private teachers or
choose a language school. Some people try to study by themselves, reading
newspapers, magazines and books with the help of a dictionary, listening to the radio,
watching news channels in English, watching films with subtitles or using a computer
programme. Language learners should certainly try to communicate with foreign people
as much as they can. People who can afford it go abroad to attend a language course in
the target-language country. Others try to find a job abroad, for example as an au-pair, to
learn the language.
14. What’s the importance of learning languages?
You can get to know the culture of other nations, and you can use a foreign language not
only in its native country but in several other places. For example, when I was on holiday
in Greece, I talked to everybody in English. It’s a big advantage if you want to get a good
 job, especially if you would like to work for a multinational company or in another country.
You can read books or see films in the original. You can make friends all over the world.
You can also chat with foreigners via the Internet.

1. college/university főiskola/egyetem
2. major szak, főtárgy
4. group mates csoporttársak
5. take a written/oral examination írásban/szóban vizsgázik
pass/fail an exam átmegy/megbukik a vizsgán
write a test dolgozatot ír
attend lectures and seminars előadásra és szemináriumra jár
pay tuition fee tandíjat fizet
financial difficulties anyagi nehézségek
find accommodation lakást talál
rent a flat lakást bérel
commute bejár
6. degree diploma
graduate végez, diplomát szerez
write a thesis szakdolgozatot ír
take the graduation exam államvizsgázik
take a basic/ an intermediate language exam alap/középfokú nyelvvizsgát tesz
7. primary/elementary school általános iskola
secondary grammar/technical/vocational schoolgimnázium/szakközép iskola/szakképző
iskola
higher education felsőoktatás
school leaving exam érettségi
skilled worker szakmunkás
plumber vízvezeték szerelő
bricklayer kőműves
institution intézmény
state owned állami tulajdonú
operate/run működtet
foundation alapítvány
8. kindergarten/nursery school óvoda
behave viselkedik
community közösség
9. do well at school jól tanul
art/science subjects humán/reál tárgyak
10. necessary szükséges
marking osztályzás
mark osztályzat
improve fejleszt
skills készségek
knowledge tudás
11. finance finanszíroz
grant ösztöndíj (havi juttatás)
support támogat
apply for a loan hitelt igényel
monthly installments havi törlesztés
take up a part time job részmunkaidős állást vállal
earn money pénzt keres
12. well-trained jól képzett
strict szigorú
clear explanation világos magyarázat
13. compulsory kötelező
films with subtitles feliratos filmek
target-language country célnyelvi ország
14. get to know megismer
native country anyanyelvi ország

EARNING A LIVING

1. What do your parents do for a living?

2. Are they satisfied with their jobs? Do they enjoy their work?
3. What jobs are well-paid/underpaid in Hungary nowadays?
4. What is the difference between full-time and part-time jobs?
Full-time jobs mean that you work eight hours a day. If you have a part-time job, you work
less, usually four or six hours a day.
5. Who are the blue-collar and white-collar workers?
The workers doing manual work like factory hands, turners, electricians, bricklayers and
plumbers are often called blue-collar workers while people doing mainly brainwork like
teachers, engineers, doctors, interpreters and librarians are called white-collar workers.
6. Do you think some jobs are for men or for women only?
Traditionally there are men’s jobs and women’s jobs, for example lorry drivers,
carpenters, tilers, firemen and miners are mostly men, but kindergarten teachers or
nurses are mostly women.
7. Are women equally paid with men?
Unfortunately, not always. I think women are generally equally paid in most professions
like teachers, doctors, but in other jobs like cooks, waitresses, bakers sometimes they
are paid much less than men.
8. Why do many women go out to work and not stay at home with their children
nowadays?
One reason is that women have become more career-oriented. There are nursery
schools, which look after the children, so mothers don’t have to stay at home. Another
reason is that the family needs the money.
9. What is the difference between wages and salaries?
Salaries are fixed monthly payments, especially for professional employees or people
working in an office. Wages are usually paid weekly according to the hours you work.
10. What is your picture of an ideal job? How important is money to you?
In my opinion a good job must be challenging and motivating. It’s important for me to
enjoy what I do and be a member of a good team. ……..
11. What are your future plans?
12. What is a good employee like?
A good employee is efficient, loyal to the employer, reliable and responsible. He/she has
to be able to cooperate with others.
13. What qualifications do you need nowadays to get a good job?
If you want to get a good job, you must have a degree, good computer skills and at least
one language certificate.
14. What are trade unions?
Trade unions are organizations of workers which protect their interests and try to improve
working conditions.
15. How can you find a job?
If you look for a job, you should read job advertisements in newspapers or magazines,
surf the net or go to the job centre. You can also ask your friends whether they know
about vacancies. If you find a job that looks suitable for you, you should send in your
application together with your CV. If they like your application, you will soon be called in
for a job interview.
16. What information does a CV contain?
A CV contains personal particulars, such as the candidate’s name, address, phone
number, nationality, date of birth and marital status. You must give details of your
education and qualifications, your previous experience, your language, computer and
other skills and interests.
17. Is unemployment a big problem in Hungary?
Unfortunately there are certain regions (mainly in the eastern part of Hungary) where
unemployment is rather high. A lot of companies close and dismiss their employees.
People who become redundant find job hunting very hard as very few new jobs are
created nowadays because of the economic and financial crisis.
18. What happens if somebody becomes unemployed?
If somebody loses his/her job, they can turn to the local job centres where they can get
advice and help how to find work. Unemployed people can also apply for unemployment
benefit and take part in retraining.
19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working abroad?
The advantages of working abroad are that you can learn the local language, get to know
interesting people and learn about different cultures. Probably you can earn more but the
expenses and prices might be higher. There are some possible disadvantages as well.
You might feel like an outsider, have language problems and find the people around you
and their customs strange. You might miss your family and friends so you might often feel
lonely.
20. What fringe benefits do companies offer to their employees?
Companies sometimes offer different fringe benefits like food or holiday vouchers, free
health insurance, company car and mobile phone, free summer camps for the children of
the employees, use of sports facilities and different kinds of free trainings.
21. When do people retire in Hungary?
In Hungary people usually retire at the age of 62, but it depends on their jobs. For
example policemen and policewomen, firemen and soldiers can retire earlier. The
retirement age will gradually change from 62 to 65 years.

1. earn a living megkeresi a kenyerét

do sth for a living vmiből megél
2. satisfied with sth elégedett vmivel
salary/wages fizetés/bér
working conditions munkakörülmények
working hours munkaidő
atmosphere légkör
colleague munkatárs
3. well-paid/underpaid jól megfizetett/alulfizetett
lawyer ügyvéd
dentist fogorvos
diplomat diplomata
skilled worker/unskilled worker szakmunkás/segédmunkás
accountant könyvelő
architect építész
computer programmer számítógép programozó
civil servant közalkalmazott
nurse ápoló
shop assistant eladó
social worker szociális munkás
kindergarten teacher óvónő
office cleaners takarító
4. full-time/part-time job teljes/részmunkaidős állás
5. blue-collar worker fizikai dolgozó
 white-collar worker szellemi dolgozó
manual work fizikai munka
brainwork szellemi munka
factory hand betanított munkás
turner asztalos
interpreter tolmács
6. lorry driver teherautó sofőr
carpenter ács
tiler burkoló
miner bányász
7. profession felsőfokú végzettséget igénylő munka
8. go out to work elmegy dolgozni
career-oriented karrier orientált
9. payment kifizetés
according to vmi szerint
10. challenging kihívást jelentő
flexible/fixed working hours kötetlen/kötött munkaidő
work overtime túlórázik
good chances of promotion jó előléptetési esélyek
fringe benefits munkáltatói juttatások
bonus jutalom, bérkiegészítés
paid holidays fizetett szabadság
a job of high responsibility felelősségteljes munka
ideal working conditions ideális munkakörülmények
12. efficient hatékony
13. certificate bizonyítvány
14. trade union szakszervezet
protect sy’s interests védi vkinek az érdekeit
15. job advertisement álláshirdetés
job centre munkaügyi központ, munkaközvetítő iroda
vacancy megüresedett álláshely
suitable megfelelő
apply for a job állást megpályáz
application pályázat, jelentkezés
applicant/candidate pályázó, jelölt
CV (Curriculum Vitae) szakmai önéletrajz
job interview állásinterjú
16. contain tartalmaz
personal particulars személyi adatok
marital status családi állapot
details részletes információk, (részletek)
previous experience korábbi tapasztalatok
17. unemployment munkanélküliség
dismiss elbocsát
redundant felesleges, létszám feletti munkaerő
job hunting állásvadászat
18. unemployed munkanélküli
unemployment benefit munkanélküli segély
retraining átképzés
19. expenses kiadások, költségek
outsider kívülálló
customs szokások
miss one’s family hiányzik vkinek a család
20. offer kínál, nyújt
 voucher utalvány
health insurance egészségbiztosítás
use of sports facilities sportlétesítmények használata
21. retire nyugdíjba megy
retirement age nyugdíj korhatár

ENTERTAINMENT

1. What is your favourite kind of entertainment?

2. What kinds of books do you enjoy reading?
3. Are you a regular visitor of libraries?
Yes, I regularly go to the college library because I need a lot of books for my studies.
Students usually subscribe to a library because they can’t afford to buy a lot of books as
they are so expensive. Sometimes I borrow books, for example fantasy books, just for
fun.
4. When do people go to a library?
People go to a library to borrow books, cassettes, DVDs or CDs, to read newspapers and
magazines, to photocopy materials or to use computers and the Internet. There are
different programmes, for example readers can meet writers or there are slide shows and
presentations on several kinds of topics. You can also learn in the reading room and use
different dictionaries and handbooks.
5. Why do you think people read less and less nowadays?
Life is fast nowadays, and people have less time to relax. I suppose it’s faster and more
comfortable to see a film than to read a book with 300 pages. When you read a book,
you need to concentrate harder to understand the story. You also have to use your
imagination. Besides, books are quite expensive while watching films on TV is really
cheap.
6. Can TV replace reading?
Yes, for many people TV does replace reading because they feel too tired to read in the
evenings. On the other hand a lot of people find reality and talk shows, never-ending
soap operas or horror films stupid and boring. For them reading books is a better form of
relaxation and recreation.
7. Are you a theatre- or rather a cinema-goer? What kind of plays can you see at the
theatre?
8. What sort of films do you like most?
9. Do you prefer dubbed films or subtitled ones?
I sometimes watch subtitled films but unfortunately almost all the films that you can see
on Hungarian TV channels are dubbed. I like listening to the original voices of the actors.
I enjoy their pronunciation and can improve my language knowledge.
10. What was the last film that you saw?
The last film that I saw was … . It was directed by … . (It is based on a book by … .) The
film is set … (when? where?) It’s about a … . The cast is brilliant. You can see … and …
in the leading roles. The film was/unfortunately wasn’t nominated for Oscars. It won 3
Oscars. The music is great and I enjoyed the fantastic special effects very much.
11. Why have multiplex cinemas become so popular recently?
They have become really popular because the screen is huge and the quality of the
picture and the sound is much better than in traditional cinemas. Besides, multiplex
cinemas are in big plazas where you can enjoy yourself with your friends before and after
the film. You can have a drink or a meal, or you can do some window-shopping as well.
12. What kind of film is usually a box-office success?
 Nowadays mainly action and adventure films are great successes. I know that very much
depends on the advertising of the film, so mainly those films become box-office hits
which have strong advertising campaigns with trailers.
13. What film festivals do you know of?
I think the most important film festivals in Europe are the Cannes Film Festival in France,
the Golden Lion in Venice and the Golden Bear in Berlin.
14. What prizes are actors, actresses and film makers awarded?
The most famous award is an Academy Award, better known as an Oscar. This award is
given annually in the United States to the best film-makers and actors, actresses. The
Golden Globe Awards are also given in the US to the best films and TV programmes and
the performers in them.
15. Do videos and DVDs reduce the number of cinema-goers?
Probably they do. A lot of people prefer watching films in a comfortable armchair at
home, where you can stop the film and have a drink whenever you want. You can invite
friends and you can talk to them during the film, which would be really impolite in the
cinema. However, multiplex cinemas are quite popular because the audience can enjoy
the films on large screens with digital sound systems.
16. What are the advantages of DVDs?
DVDs contain not only the film but several extras and bonus materials as well, such as
interviews with the cast and scenes about how the film was shot. You can select the
language of the film or the language of the subtitles, too.
17. Do you go to concerts?
18. What kind of music do you like listening to?
19. Do you have a favourite singer/band?
20. Do you buy CDs or download music?
21. Do you go to museums or galleries?
22. What exhibitions are you most interested in?

2. novel (by …) regény (vkitől)

short story elbeszélés
poem vers
science fiction tudományos fantasztikus
crime/detective story krimi
books on history történelmi könyv
adventure story kalandregény
biography életrajz
autobiography önéletrajz
romantic novel romantikus regény
3. subscribe to a library beíratkozik a könyvtárba
for fun szórakozásból, kedvtelésből
4. borrow kölcsönöz
photocopy materials anyagot fénymásol
5. I suppose gondolom, azt hiszem
page oldal
6. replace helyettesít, felvált
soap opera szappanopera
7. theatre/cinema-goer színházba/moziba járó
play színdarab
comedy vígjáték
tragedy dráma
musical zenés darab
operetta operett
8. film comedy film vígjáték
adventure film kalandfilm
 action film akciófilm
detective film bűnügyi film
art film művészfilm
romantic film romantikus film
cartoon rajzfilm
documentary dokumentum film
science film tudományos ismeretterjesztő film
9. dubbed/subtitled film szinkronizált/feliratos film
voice hang
10. direct rendez
cast szereposztás
leading role főszerep
nominate for sth jelöl vmire
11. screen vetítővászon, képernyő
quality minőség
sound hang
enjoy oneself jól érzi magát, szórakozik
do window-shopping kirakatot nézeget
12. box-office hit/success kasszasiker
depend on függ vmitől
advertise hirdet, reklámoz
advertising campaign reklámkampány
trailer filmelőzetes, filmreklám
14. prize/award díj
award a prize díjat adományoz
annually évente
15. reduce csökkent
audience közönség
16. contain tartalmaz
shoot (shot,shot) a film filmet forgat
17-18. pop/rock/jazz/classical concert
21-22. exhibition of photos fotókiállítás
contemporary painting and sculpture kortárs festészet és szobrászat

MEDIA

1. How many hours do you watch TV each day?

2. What types of programmes do you regularly/never watch?
3. Which TV channels do you watch most? Why?
4. What is a couch potato? Do you think children watch too much television
nowadays?
A couch potato is a person who spends all his time sitting and watching TV. I think more
and more children turn on the telly when they get home from school instead of riding their
bikes, playing in the fresh air, seeing their friends or doing some sport. Unfortunately
more and more children are overweight because of this passive kind of relaxation.
5. Does TV really kill social life?
On the one hand members of a lot of families talk less to one another in the evenings
because there is always something on TV that somebody wants to see. On the other
hand people like talking about TV programmes. For example, they discuss what
happened to the characters of their favourite soap-operas and try to guess what will
happen to them in the next episodes.
6. What is your opinion about commercials?
 I understand that commercials are important for channels because they can’t survive
without them. Sometimes commercials provide useful information for everybody. They
can also be quite entertaining, though I hate it when the film that I am watching is
interrupted at the most interesting part.
7. What do you think of soap-operas?
8. Why do so many people enjoy serials?
Most of the serials are about simple everyday conflicts, about love and hate. People
usually find it easy to identify with the life of the characters and they become interested in
them, they start to like or hate them. They look forward to the characters’ new
adventures.
9. Are quiz shows popular in Hungary?
Yes, a lot of people watch quiz shows regularly. They like these programmes because
they can learn new information on different topics, such as history, geography, literature,
films, sports etc. They support the contestants and they are excited when their favourites
win or lose.
10. When do you usually turn on the radio?
11. Which radio stations do you listen to most?
12. Do you read newspapers and magazines?
13. How could you classify newspapers in Hungary?
In Hungary there are local and national daily papers. Local papers concentrate on the
news of the county but they also inform readers about the most important world and
national news. There are two basic types of national daily papers: quality papers and
tabloids. Quality papers focus on more serious issues and try to cover all kinds of topics:
politics, economy, culture sport etc. They not only provide information but also analyze
different problems to help the readers understand the world around them. Tabloids
concentrate on sensational news such as murders, tragedies, the private life of
celebrities. The headlines are large and sometimes provocative, the pages are full of
large photos, but the articles are short.
14. What parts of a newspaper are you most interested in?
15. What parts of a newspaper do you never read?
16. Who reads advertisements?
Advertisements are useful when you are looking for a flat, a job, a repairman, a last-
minute holiday etc.
17. Why is it good to subscribe to a newspaper?
It’s really comfortable because if you subscribe to a newspaper, the paper is delivered to
your home every morning. You don’t have to queue at the newsagent’s and the price is
lower.
18. What’s the role of the media?
The basic role of the media is to inform people about current events, to help them
understand what is happening in the world, to help them make decisions. Media can
influence the public, so it is a great responsibility because it can be a way of manipulating
people. Editors and owners of the media must be very careful about what they write
about and how they present the issues.

2. commercial TV/rádió reklám

weather forecast időjárás jelentés
the news hírek
serial/series folytatásos/külön történetekből álló sorozat
political talk show politikai vitaműsor
quiz programme kvízműsor
live broadcast élő közvetítés
films on nature/historical events filmek természetről/történelmi
eseményekről
4. couch potato TV mániás
 5. guess kitalál
6. provide nyújt
interrupt félbeszakít
8. identify with azonosul
look forward to sth nagyon vár
9. support sy drukkol vkinek
contestant versenyző
13. classify osztályoz, csoportosít
local daily papers helyi napilapok
national daily papers országos napilapok
county megye
quality paper minőségi lapok
sensational paper/tabloid bulvárlap
issue kérdés, ügy, téma
cover hírt közöl vmiről
headline cikkek címe
article cikk
14-15. political section politikai rovat
world and domestic news külföldi és belföldi hírek
leading article/leader vezércikk
editorial fő helyen közölt szerkesztői cikk
science pages tudományos rovat
sports news sporthírek
gossip coloumn pletykarovat
advertisements hirdetések
classified advertisements apróhirdetések
letters from readers olvasói levelek
horoscopes horoszkóp
crossword puzzles keresztrejtvény
weather forecast időjárás előrejelzés
TV and radio programmes TV és rádióműsor
17. subscribe to a newspaper előfizet egy lapra
deliver kézbesít, házhoz visz
queue sorban áll
newsagent’s újságárus
19 current events aktuális események
make decisions döntést hoz
influence hatással van
editor szerkesztő
owner tulajdonos
present bemutat, tálal

PLACE OF LIVING

1. What type of house or flat do you live in?

2. Do you have a garden? Who looks after the garden?
3. Would you like to move to a bigger house or flat?
4. How do you heat your house or flat?
5. What kind of floor covering is there in the different rooms of your home?
6. How are the walls decorated in your home?
7. Do you think house plants are important?
Yes, they make a flat more friendly/cosy.
8. Do you have a balcony or a terrace? What do you use it for?
 a) Fortunately, we have a small balcony/big terrace. We have some flower boxes with
geraniums there. We can dry the clothes there and in summer we put a small table with
foldable chairs on the terrace, where we can relax and enjoy the sunshine. Sometimes
we even have a meal there.
b) Unfortunately, we don’t have a balcony/terrace. Although it would be nice to have one
because we could have flower boxes with geraniums there and we could relax and enjoy
the sunshine on lovely summer days. We could even have a meal there.
9. What is an ideal kitchen like?
It should be big and light and well-equipped. There should be a big table where you can
prepare food and a big kitchen unit where you can keep all the pots, pans, dishes, plates,
glasses, mugs, cups, spices etc. There must be a good cooker, either gas or electric, and
an extractor fan above it. A dishwasher is necessary, too, especially for big families. On
the worktop I would put a coffee maker, toaster and a microwave oven.
10. Is there enough storage place in your home?
11. How is your living room furnished?
12. What is your bedroom like?
13. What is the bathroom like?
14. Is it better to live in the countryside or in a city? What are the advantages and
drawbacks of living in a city compared to living in a village?
Life is never boring in a town. In a city it’s easier to find a job, and there are more
possibilities for spending your free time. There are more entertainment, sports and
shopping facilities. There are big hypermarkets and plazas/shopping centres with a wide
variety of goods. In cities there are more banks, post offices and all kinds of services.
Different health services are more easily accessible. There is a bigger choice of
educational institutions like secondary schools and universities. People can use public
transport services so they don’t have to walk or ride their bikes in bad weather. On the
other hand the air is polluted, the streets are dirty and noisy, there is more crime and
people are always in a hurry.
In a village life is more peaceful, the air is clean, there are flowers and trees everywhere,
people live close to the nature. Most people know each other, they are friendlier than
townspeople, they always have the time for a chat and they are ready to help each other.
The disadvantages are that the infrastructure is not so developed. The number of
services is generally smaller, there aren’t enough facilities, so people often need to travel
to the nearest city when they need something that is not available in the village. Children
and adults may have to commute to school or work.
15. Are you satisfied with the facilities in your town/village?
16. Is it better to rent or own a flat?
I think owning a flat is better because it’s a good investment, you can spend your money
on the monthly installments as you don’t have to pay a rent, and it is more secure than
living in a rented flat. If you rent a flat, the owners can ask you to leave at any time.
17. How can you finance building or buying a house/flat?
If you don’t have enough money, you can apply for loans at banks. Later you can pay
back the money that you have borrowed in monthly installments. But unfortunately, the
interest rates are rather high. If you are really lucky, your family, relatives and friends can
help you too.
18. How do you get on with your neighbours?
We are very lucky with the neighbours. We get on really well with them, they even look
after our pets when we are on holiday. We sometimes organize parties together.
19. What is your dream house like?
20. Which pieces of household equipment do you consider necessary?

1. detached house családi ház

semi-detached house ikerház
terraced house sorház
 block of flats tömbház
one-,two-storeyed house egy-, kétemeletes ház
prefabricated building panelház
housing estate lakótelep
residential area lakónegyed
suburb külváros
cottage kis vidéki/falusi ház
bungalow földszintes ház
ground floor földszint
upstairs/downstairs felső szint(en/re) / alsó szint(en/re)
square metre négyzetméter
2. lawn gyep
orchard gyümölcsöskert
vegetable/kitchen garden konyhakert
flower bed virágágyás
dig,dug,dug ás
hoe kapál
spray permetez
water locsol
trim the hedge levágja a sövénykerítést
spray permetez
3. spacious tágas
4. have central/gas/electric/underfloor heating központi/gáz/villany/padlófűtés
fireplace kandalló
radiator radiátor
boiler kazán és vízmelegítő
5. lino linóleum
parquet parketta
floor boards hajópadló
floor tile járólap
wall-to-wall carpet padlószőnyeg
6. paint the walls white fehérre festi a falakat
papered walls tapétázott falak
7. house plants szobanövények
cosy barátságos
8. flower box virágláda
geranium muskátli
foldable chair összecsukható szék
9. well-equipped jól felszerelt
kitchen unit konyhaszekrény
cutlery evőeszközök
pot fazék
pan lábas
frying pan serpenyő
dish tál, edény
cutting/chopping board vágódeszka
grater reszelő
kettle teáskanna (vízforralásra)
teapot teáskanna (tálalásra)
pressure cooker kukta
deep fryer olajsütő
bread slicer kenyérszeletelő
mug bögre
spices fűszerek
 extractor fan pára-/szagelszívó
worktop munkalap, pult
toaster kenyérpirító
10. storage place tárolóhely
built-in cupboard beépített szekrény
pantry kamra
storeroom tároló helyiség
attic padlás(tér)
cellar pince
11. against the wall a fal mellett
in the middle of the room a szoba közepén
next to …/opposite …/between … vmi mellett/szemben/között
sofa kanapé
armchair fotel
round/rectangular coffee table kerek/szögletes dohányzóasztal
chest of drawers fiókos szekrény
wall unit szekrénysor
make the room friendlier … barátságosabbá teszi a szobát
curtain függöny
carpet szőnyeg
rug kis szőnyeg, faliszőnyeg
potted plant cserepes növény
bookcase könyves szekrény
cushion díszpárna
standard lamp állólámpa
ornaments dísztárgyak
candlestick gyertyatartó
vase váza
ceiling mennyezet
12. desk íróasztal
wardrobe ruhás szekrény
bedside table éjjeli szekrény
bedside lamp éjjeli lámpa
double bed franciaágy
bunk bed emeletes ágy
bedlinen/bedclothes ágynemű
bedlinen storage ágynemű tartó
storage bed ágynemű tartós ágy
sheet lepedő
pillow párna
blanket paplan, takaró
poster plakát
photos of animals/nature photos állatfotók/természetfotó
drawing rajz, grafika
13. mirror tükör
washbasin mosdókagyló
bathtub kád
towel rack/towel rail törölköző tartó
hooks for the clothes ruhafogas
bathroom shelf fürdőszoba polc
deodorant dezodor
cosmetics kozmetikumok
sponge szivacs
detergent/washing powder/washing liquid mosószer
 foam bath habfürdő
hair drier hajszárító
14. facility létesítmény
a wide variety of goods áruk széles választéka
health services egészségügyi szolgáltatások
accessible/available hozzáférhető/elérhető
educational institution oktatási intézmény
public transport tömegközlekedés
polluted szennyezett
crowded zsúfolt
peaceful békés
developed fejlett
commute ingázik
16. investment befektetés
rent/own a flat lakást bérel/birtokol
monthly installment havi törlesztőrészlet
secure biztonságos
17. finance finanszíroz
apply for a loan kölcsönért folyamodik
borrow money pénzt vesz kölcsön
interest rate kamatláb

MEALS AND EATING OUT

1. What are your meal times?
2. What do you usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner?
3. What courses does a typical Hungarian Sunday lunch consist of?
4. Do you think you have a healthy diet?
5. What is your opinion about junk food?
I know that it is not so healthy. I know that junk food contains a lot of fat, the quality of the
meat is not very good, this kind of food doesn’t contain enough minerals and vitamines.
Soft drinks like cola or 7Up contain a lot of sugar but I like them. I don’t eat fast food
every day but if I have a lot to do, I just pop in a fast food restaurant and order a
hamburger with French fries and coke. It is relatively expensive but it is the quickest way
to have a warm meal.
6. Do you often eat out?
7. Where can people go to eat something? What places do you like?
8. Which of the following do you consider important: taste, price, atmosphere,
cleanness, or politeness of the staff?
I think the most important factors are the taste of the food and that the place is clean. Of
course, the atmosphere should also be pleasant, and I hate impolite and slow service.
The price matters, but if the food is good, I’m willing to pay more.
9. What are the differences between ordinary and self-service restaurants?
Waiters and waitresses serve the guests in ordinary restaurants, while in self-service
restaurants you stand in a queue, ask for your meal, pay at the cash desk and sit down
to eat. In ordinary restaurants there is a wider choice, the prices are higher and the
quality is better.
10. What is a takeaway restaurant?
Takeaway restaurants are places where you can buy food which you eat somewhere else
(eg. at home or at work). Most of them offer international food, such as Greek, Chinese
and Italian.
11. Why are there so many self-service and takeaway restaurants?
 People are usually in a hurry and they don’t have time to wait for meals in restaurants.
That’s why they go to self-service restaurants, which don’t offer many kinds of dishes, but
the service is quick and the food is acceptable. Generally speaking these types of
restaurants are cheaper than ordinary restaurants.
12. When do you give a tip to a waiter or waitress? How much is a tip in Hungary?
If I’m satisfied with the food and service, I give a tip to the waiter or waitress. The tip is
usually about ten per cent of the bill.
13. Do you ever have lunch in the school canteen? Are you satisfied with the quality of
the food?
14. What is your favourite food?
15. How could you describe Hungarian cuisine?
Most of our traditional dishes are made with red paprika, onion and garlic. Hungarian
food is spicy, often hot and also quite fatty. Frequently used spices are pepper, cumin,
bay leaf, parsley, marjoram, basil, dill. Hungarians often fry meat, cheese and vegetables
like cauliflower or mushroom in breadcrumbs. Hungarians eat a lot of pickles with the
meat dishes.
16. What are the most popular national Hungarian dishes?
17. Are there a lot of foreign restaurants in Hungary?
In Hungary the number of foreign restaurants is growing. There are more and more
Chinese, Greek, Italian and Turkish restaurants. I am really fond of Chinese dishes, I
think they are tasty and healthy as well. They contain a lot of vegetables and very little fat
meat because the Chinese prefer chicken and beef to pork. But I also love Italian cuisine.
I think pizzerias are popular all over the world.
18. Have you ever tried the food of a foreign country? What was it like?
19. What is an English breakfast like?
A substantial English breakfast consists of some cereal, fried eggs, bacon, sausages,
beans, tomatoes and bread or buttered toast, marmalade or honey. The English drink
white or black tea with their breakfast, although some prefer coffee.
20. Are you a good cook?
21. Do you know the recipe for a dish that you can prepare?
Yes, I know how to prepare pancakes. You need two eggs, 200 grams flour, half a litre of
milk and some salt. You put the ingredients into a bowl and mix them, and leave it to rest
for an hour. You put some oil into a frying pan and when it’s hot, you put some liquid into
it. You fry both sides and fill the pancake with jam, cocoa or cottage cheese. You can
prepare about twelve pancakes from this amount of flour.
22. How do you lay the table?
First I put a tablecloth on the table. I put the plates, glasses and cutlery onto it. I place the
napkins next to the plates and I sometimes decorate the table with flowers or candles.
23. What do you think of vegetarianism?
Vegetarians live on dairy products, eggs, vegetables and fruit. Vegans don’t eat any
animal products at all. Some people think it’s a kind of fashion not to eat meat. Others
choose this diet because they consider it healthier. I personally prefer white meat and try
to avoid red or fatty meat.
24. Do you think that most people eat far more than is good for them?
Yes, people eat almost all day long. A lot of people eat not only when they are hungry, but
also when they are bored. They eat crisps or snacks when they watch TV or come
together to chat.

2. vegetable/meat/fruit/egg/fish soup
zöldség/hús/gyümölcs/tojás/halleves
boiled/fried/grilled/roast chicken főtt/zsiradékban sült/grill/roston sült
pork/lamb/veal chop sertés/bárány/borjúszelet
goose/duck/turkey liba/kacsa/pulykahús
game vadhús
 poultry baromfihús
carp ponty
salmon lazac
tuna tonhal
trout pisztráng
seafood tenger gyümölcsei
shrimps/prawns garnélarák
baked/boiled/mashed potato sütőben sült/főtt/tört burgonya
chips(GB)/ French fries(US) sült burgonya
vegetable sauce főzelék
steamed/boiled rice párolt/főtt rizs
noodles/pasta főtt tészta
steamed vegetables párolt zöldség
garnish köret
salad saláta
pickles savanyúság
cucumber uborka
bean bab
pea borsó
lentil lencse
broccoli brokkoli
cauliflower karfiol
celery zeller
lettuce fejes saláta
parsnip fehérrépa
carrot sárgarépa
spinach spenót
marrow tök
beetroot cékla
pumpkin sütőtök
olive olajbogyó
kohlrabi karalábé
aubergine(GB)/eggplant(US) padlizsán
courgette(GB)/zucchini(US) cukkini
cabbage with tomatoes paradicsomos káposzta
pancake palacsinta
strudle filled with cottage cheese túrós rétes
poppy seed mák
sponge cake piskóta
3. consist of sth áll vmiből
course fogás
starter első fogás (előétel v. leves)
main course főfogás
dessert desszert
4. peach őszibarack
apricot sárgabarack
plum szilva
grapes szőlő
pear körte
cherry/sour cherry cseresznye/meggy
watermelon görögdinnye
(honeydew) melon/cantaloup(e) sárgadinnye
strawberry földieper
raspberry málna
 gooseberry egres(piszke)
red/blackcurrant ribizli
fig füge
date datolya
walnut dió
peanut földimogyoró
almond mandula
dairy products tejtermékek
5. pop in beugrik
order rendel
6. on special occasions különleges alkalmakkor
celebrate sy’s birthday/wedding anniversary vki szülinapját/ház.-i évf.-t
ünnepelni
elegant restaurant elegáns étterem
7. ordinary restaurant hagyományos étterem
self-service restaurant önkiszolgáló étterem
fast food restaurant gyorsétterem
takeaway restaurant elvitelre árusító étterem
canteen menza, munkahelyi étkezde
pub/café/pizzeria söröző/kávézó/pizzázó
8. staff személyzet
the price matters számít az ár
willing hajlandó
9. serve the guests kiszolgálja a vendégeket
stand in a queue sorban áll
pay at the cash desk fizet a pénztárnál
wide choice széles választék
10. offer kínál
11. acceptable elfogadható
12. give a tip borravalót ad
13. canteen food menzai koszt
tasteless íztelen
full of fat tele van zsírral
quite tasty elég ízes
14. delicious ízletes
plum dumplings szilvás gombóc
chicken fried in breadcrumbs rántott csirke
wienerschnitzel rántott hús
stew pörkölt, ragu
stuffed chicken töltött csirke
floating islands madártej
mixed grill fatányéros
15. spicy/hot fűszeres, csípős
spices fűszerek
basil bazsalikom
bay leaf babérlevél
cumin kömény
dill kapor
marjoram majoranna
parsley petrezselyem
onion vöröshagyma
garlic fokhagyma
breadcrumbs zsemlemorzsa
16. national dishes nemzeti ételek
 fish soup halászlé
goulash gulyás
stuffed cabbage töltött káposzta
chicken paprika paprikás csirke
noodles with cottage cheese and bacon túrós csusza
fried goose liver sült libamáj
noodles with poppy seed mákos tészta
17. be fond of sth kedvel v.mit
19. white tea/coffee tejes tea/kávé
20. cook/cookery book szakácskönyv
recipe recept
21. ingredients hozzávalók
bowl tál
amount mennyiség
22. lay the table megteríti az asztalt
23. vegan vegán
diet étrend
avoid kerül
24. crisps(GB)/chips(US) csipsz

HEALTH AND ILLNESS

1. When were you last ill? What was the matter with you? Did you see the doctor?
Last month I had a bad cold/flu. I had a headache, a sore throat, high temperature (38.6
degrees Centigrade), I coughed all day and night, my nose was running and I couldn’t
help sneezing. I also lost my appetite and I was shivering. The next day I got worse and
worse so I decided to see the G.P.. I went to the surgery and I waited for more than an
hour because the waiting room was full of patients.
2. How did the doctor diagnose your illness?
The doctor asked what my symptoms were and examined me thoroughly. He told me to
strip to the waist and he listened to my heart, my lungs and my breathing. Then he
looked at my throat and said that it was badly inflamed. He/she also took my blood
pressure and gave me a thermometer to take my temperature with.
3. What treatment did the doctor prescribe?
I had to stay in bed for a few days, drink a lot of hot tea with lemon and keep warm. He
prescribed some medicine (antibiotics, antifebrile and vitamins).
4. Were you put on the sick-list?
Yes, I was put on the sick-list and I had to go back for a check up after five or six days.
5. Where did you get the medicine?
I went to the chemist’s, where I could buy the medicine that the doctor prescribed and I
also bought some pain-killers for my headache.
6. How long did it take you to recover?
I took the antibiotics for five or six days, three times a day after meals. After two or three
days I felt much better and after a week I completely recovered.
7. Did the doctor give you a medical certificate?
Yes, I needed the doctor’s medical certificate to give a reason for my absence from
school.
8. Have you ever been in hospital?
a) No, fortunately I have never been in hospital.
b) Yes, unfortunately, when I was a young child I had appendicitis and I needed an
operation. I remember that the nurses woke us, patients up very early in the morning and
took our temperature. I also remember getting a lot of sweets and fruit from my parents,
 who visited me every afternoon. I had to spend about five or six days in hospital before I
was allowed to go home.
c) Yes, I had my tonsils removed when I was about 9. I remember that I was terribly
frightened before the operation and I couldn’t eat anything for a few days after the
operation because swallowing was really painful.
9. Do you have your teeth examined regularly?
Yes, I have my teeth checked/examined twice a year and fortunately I have never had a
toothache.
10. What does a dentist do if he finds a bad tooth?
It depends on the problem. If the dentist finds a cavity, he drills and fills the tooth, but if
the aching tooth is too far gone the dentist will pull it out.
11. Do you think you have a healthy way of life?
12. What must we do to keep in good health?
To be healthy you should have a healthy diet, exercise regularly, sleep enough and try to
avoid stress.
13. Is obesity a problem in Hungary?
Yes, unfortunately many people are overweight in Hungary because they don’t care
about leading a healthy way of life. They eat a lot more than necessary, and they eat too
many fatty foods, and they don’t do any sports. They don’t even walk, but use their cars
or public transport instead. Obesity has got a lot of health risks. Overweight people often
suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure and different heart diseases.
14. What do you think of smoking, alcoholism and drug-taking?
Unfortunately smoking is very widespread in Hungary. It is very harmful for your health,
especially for your throat, lungs and heart.
Alcoholism is even worse because it is extremely difficult to give up drinking. Alcohol will
slowly but surely ruin not only your health, but also your and your family’s lives.
Drug addiction is a very serious problem because it weakens the addicts’ immune
system, destroys their organs, makes them susceptible to strokes, causes depression
and changes their personalities. More campaigns should be organised to inform young
people about the dangers of drug abuse. Giving up drugs is almost impossible without
professional help, because when the body becomes used to drugs, it demands more and
more. If it doesn’t get more, it will suffer from withdrawal symptoms.
15. What are the most common diseases/illnesses nowadays?
Perhaps, the most common illnesses are cold and flu. Unfortunately, more and more
people suffer from different kinds of allergies like food, pollen, dust, metal, fur or feather
allergies. Diabetes, high blood pressure, circulatory problems, heart attack and cancer
are also serious issues.
16. What is an ambulance used for?
An ambulance is a kind of vehicle with special equipment which is used for taking sick or
injured people to hospital. Paramedics also give medical assistance when an accident
happens.
17. What happens to people who have broken an arm or a leg?
The broken limb is X-rayed and put in plaster for a couple of weeks. After the plaster is
removed, sometimes the patient needs the help of a physiotherapist.
18. What is an epidemic? Can you mention some infectious diseases?
An epidemic is a situation where a disease spreads very quickly and infects a lot of
people. For example there are flu epidemics nearly every year.
Mumps and chicken pox are also infectious diseases because they spread from one
person to another.
19. What do you do if you have poor eyesight?
If you have problems with your eyesight, you should see the optician. He examines your
eyes thoroughly and prescibes glasses or contact lenses if necessary.
20. What is the difference between a National Health Service patient and a private
patient?
 The main difference is that a National Health Service patient is treated free and has to
pay only for the medicine, while a private patient pays for the treatment, too. If you are a
private patient, you don’t have to queue for the service, and private surgeries and
hospitals usually have more up-to-date equipment. The treatment can be rather
expensive, but if you have a private health insurance, it covers the expenses.

1. have a cold/flu meg van fázva/influenzás

throat torok
sore throat torokgyulladás
cough köhög(és)
my nose is running folyik az orrom
sneeze tüsszög
I can’t help sneezing tüsszentenem kell
lose one’s appetite étvágytalan lesz
shiver reszket
G.P. (General Practitioner) körzeti orvos
get worse/better rosszabbul/jobban lesz
surgery rendelő
patient páciens, beteg
2. diagnose diagnosztizál
symptom tünet
examine sy thoroughly alaposan megvizsgál vkit
strip to the waist derékig levetkőzik
lungs tüdő
breathing lélegzés
inflamed gyulladt
take one’s temperature/blood pressure megméri vki lázát/vérnyomását
3. treat kezel
treatment kezelés
prescribe előír, felír
prescribe some medicine gyógyszert felír
prescription recept
anti-febrile lázcsillapító
4. put sy on the sick-list betegállományba vesz
checkup ellenőrzés
5. pain-killer fájdalom csillapító
6. recover meggyógyul
7. medical certificate orvosi igazolás
8. appendicitis vakbél gyulladás
have one’s tonsils removed kiveszik vki manduláját
swallow nyel
painful fájdalmas
9. have one’s teeth examined megvizsgáltatja a fogait
10. cavity lyuk
drill fúr
fill/pull out a tooth betöm/kihúz egy fogat
12. avoid stress kerüli a stresszt
13. obesity elhízás
suffer from szenved vmiben/vmitől
diabetes cukorbetegség
heart disease szívbetegség
14. harmful ártalmas, káros
widespread széles körben elterjedt
spread terjed/terjeszt
 ruin one’s health tönkreteszi vki egészségét
addict függő
drug addiction kábítószer függés
weaken one’s immune system gyengíti vki immun rendszerét
organ szerv
susceptible to sth hajlamos vmire
drug abuse droghasználat,drogokkal való
visszaélés
become used to sth hozzászokik vmihez
demand követel
withdrawal symptoms elvonási tünetek
15. common diseases gyakori betegségek
circulatory problems keringési problémák
heart attack szívroham
cancer rák
16. ambulance mentőautó
vehicle jármű
injured sérült
paramedic mentőorvos
medical assistance orvosi segítség
17. broken limb törött végtag
X-ray megröntgenez
put in plaster gipszbe tesz
remove eltávolít
18. epidemic járvány
infect (meg)fertőz
infectious diseases fertőző betegségek
chicken pox bárányhimlő
19. poor eyesight gyenge/rossz látás
contact lenses kontaktlencse
20. health insurance egészség biztosítás
cover the expenses fedezi a költségeket

SPORT

1. What sports are you interested in?

2. Do you prefer doing a sport or being a spectator?
3. Do you ever go to football matches or other sports events?
a) I’m a great football/handball/waterpolo fan and often go to matches if my favourite
team is playing.
b) I’m not a football fan. I used to support a team for years, but I think most
Hungarian teams are extremely weak.
4. Why do lots of people prefer watching sports events on TV?
Firstly, a lot of people are afraid of football hooligans and violence in the stadiums.
Secondly, you can see everything much better on telly. You can sit in a comfortable
armchair, and there are even replays.
5. What do you do to keep fit?
a) I’m not particularly interested in sport, but I know that it is important to keep fit.
Although I can’t bring myself to do sport regularly, I sometimes go to play
tennis/football/squash with my friend, and we occasionally go to the swimming
pool. In my summer holidays I like hiking and cycling.
 b) I particularly like jogging, especially when the weather is nice. Sometimes I go to a
gym, but I’m also fond of ballgames, I really enjoy playing
basketball/football/volleyball. The most important thing is that you should do some
sport or exercise regularly, at least three times a week.
6. Why is it important to keep fit?
Exercise keeps you healthy both mentally and physically. It can protect you from several
diseases, for example heart and circulatory problems. Exercise helps you lose weight if
you are overweight or simply helps you relax and forget your everyday problems. When
you have to do a lot of brain work, physical activity is extremely important. It is refreshing
and it can charge up your batteries both mentally and physically, you can concentrate
more easily and it improves your memory.
7. Do you go swimming regularly? What kind of strokes can you do?
8. What sports facilities are there in your town?
9. Why are gyms so popular nowadays?
In a well-equipped gym training is never boring. You can use step machines, exercise
bikes, treadmills, different benches, barbells or multigyms to improve your fitness.
Moreover, a personal trainer helps you use this equipment.
10. What do you think of extreme sports? Have you ever tried any of them?
Extreme sports like bungee jumping, white-water rafting, snowboarding, diving or
parachuting are extremely popular among young people nowadays. Most of them enjoy
these activities because of the excitement, they do it for the adrenalin.
Although I agree that extreme sports are dangerous and I know that my parents wouldn’t
like the idea, I would like to try gliding. It must be wonderful to see the landscape from
high above and enjoy flying like a bird. On the other hand I would never try bungee
jumping because I can’t see the point in jumping from high and then hanging upside
down like a yo-yo.
11. Do you pursue any winter sports?
12. Do you support a team? Who is the coach/captain/best player of the team?
13. Do you have an idol in sports?
14. What are the most popular sports in Hungary? What are Hungarians good at?
15. Do you think P.E. lessons are necessary or should they be optional?
In primary and secondary education physical education is compulsory. I also think that
P.E. is necessary, because children need exercise for their healthy mental and physical
development. They sit for long hours at the school desk and at home doing homework or
playing computer games. But P.E. lessons should be made more enjoyable. After some
warming up exercises there should be different kinds of games and activities from ball
games and aerobics to badminton.
I think P.E. should be optional in higher education. I personally would be really happy if
we had some kind of opportunity to do sport once or twice a week, for example
swimming or playing basketball.
16. What do you think of professional sport?
On the one hand, there are a lot of great sportspeople who set an example to children
and teenagers, because they work extremely hard to become successful, to win a medal.
They encourage people to do things that are challenging.
On the other hand, professional sport is business. Some sportspeople cheat or use
illegal drugs to win or to have better results, which is really unfair and dishonest. They
probably do that because they don’t want to lose their high status, they enjoy being
famous and they can earn a lot of money. Luckily these people are usually banned from
taking part in sports events for a relatively long time or forever.
17. Do you watch the Olympic Games? What is the significance of these games?
I spend a lot of time watching TV during the Olympic Games, because I support the
Hungarian teams and sportspeople. My favourite events are ………………………………
Many people say that the Olympic Games are now commercialized and there is drug
abuse, just like in professional sport. But personally I think that it’s great that every four
 years sportspeole from every country in the world come together in peace and friendship.
They respect one another and 99% of them want fair competition. That is what sport
should always be about.

1. water sports vízi sportok

ball games labda játékok
athletics atlétika
gymnastics gimnasztika
team/individual sports csapat/egyéni sportok
combat sports küzdő sportok
martial arts harcművészet
badminton tollas
archery íjászat
3. support a team drukkol egy csapatnak
4. replay visszajátszás
be afraid of football hooligans fél a futball huligánoktól
5. particularly különösen
bring myself to do sth rávenni magam vmire
do some exercise testmozgást végez
6. protect megvéd
lose weight fogyni
do brain work szellemi munkát végezni
refreshing frissítő
charge up one’s batteries feltöltődik
7. breaststroke mellúszás
backstroke hátúszás
butterfly pillangó
8. sports facilities sportlétesítmények
swimming pool uszoda
gymnasium tornaterem
gym edzőterem
sports hall sportcsarnok
stadium stadion
tennis court teniszpálya
football pitch focipálya
athletics tracks atlétika pálya
sports field sportpálya
9. well-equipped jól felszerelt
step machine lépcsőgép
exercise bike szobakerékpár
multigym többfunkciós edzőgép
treadmill futógép
bench edzőpad
barbells súlyzók
10. landscape táj
see the point in sth értelmét látja vminek
hang upside down fejjel lefelé lóg
11. pursue a sport űz vmilyen sportot
skate korcsolyázik
ski síel
play ice-hockey jégkorongozik
ski jump síugrás
cross-country skiing sífutás
sledging szánkózás
 figure skating műkorcsolya
12. support a team szurkol egy csapatnak
coach edző
13. idol bálvány
15. necessary szükséges
optional választható
16. set an example példát állít/mutat
encourage sy to do sth bátorít vkit vmire
be banned from sth eltiltják vmitől
sports event sportesemény, szám
17.Olympic Games Olimpia(i játékok)
be commercialized elüzletiesedett
respect tisztel
fair competition tisztességes verseny