ALIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

Figure 1:Relationship between standard deviation and characteristic strength.
11
Figure 2:Relationship between compressive strength and water/cement ratio. 12
Figure 3: Relationship between density of concrete mix and water contents. 15
Figure 4: Proportion of fine aggregates in percentage(%) for size 10mm. 16
Figure 5:Proportion of fine aggregates in percentage (%) for size 20mm 16
Figure 6:Proportion of fine aggregates in percentage (%) for size 40mm 17

LIST OF SYMBOLS
fcm Mean Compressive Strength
ACI The American Concrete Institute
DOE British Department of the Environment
W/C Water/Cement Ratio
C. Cement Content
???? Target Mean Strength
fc Characteristics Strength
s Standard Deviation
MPa Megapascal
???? Water Demand For Natural Fine Aggregate,
?????? Water Demand For Crushed Coarse 20mm Max Size Aggregate
?? ?? Fine Aggregate
?? ?? Course Aggregate
OPC Ordinary Portland Cement

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN OBJECTIVES

The main aim of concrete mix design is to gain the optimum proportions of the
constituent materials to achieve the required specification of the structure being
built. Mix design should guarantee the following objectives[1], [2]:
1. To achieve the designed/ desired workability in the plastic stage
2. To fulfill the desired minimum strength in the hardened stage
3. To accomplish the wanted durability in the given environment conditions
4. To produce concrete as economically as possible
1.2 FACTORS EFFECTING THE CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
The following parameters are the leading dominators in the concrete mix ingredients
proportion[3], [4]:
1. Compressive Strength:
The primary demand of an excellent concrete is a satisfactory compressive strength
in its hardened state. Many of the popular properties like durability,
impermeability, abrasion resistance are highly influenced by the strength of
concrete. The strength of concrete depends upon the type of cement used and the
method of curing employed, since the rate of hardening of cements of different
types vary considerably. The mean compressive