SECTION: GENERAL APTITUDE work

Rate of work of Y persons =

240
1. The missing number in the given sequence 343,
 work work 
1331, _____, 4913 is    t = work
 120 240 
(a) 2744 (b) 2197
(c) 3375 (d) 4096  t = 80 minute

Ans. (b) 6. Given two sets X= {1, 2, 3} and Y = {2, 3, 4},. we

343, 1331, _______, 4913 construct a set Z of all possible fractions where

R
the numerators belong to set X and the denomi-
73, 113, 133, 173
nators belong to set Y. The product of elements
 133 = 2197 having minimum and maximum values in the

TE
set Z is _____.
here, the given series is the cube of prime
numbers. (a) 1/8 (b) 1/6
(c) 3/8 (d) 1/12
2. The passengers were angry _____ the airline Ans. (c)
staff about the delay.
x = {1, 2, 3} y = {2, 3, 4}
(a) with (b) on
AS
(c) about (d) towards  Numerator (from x) 
z=  
Ans. (a)  deno min ator (from y) 
1 3
3. I am not sure if the bus that has been booked z =  --------- 
 4 2
will be able to _____ all the students. min max
M

(a) fill (b) accommodate

1 3 3
(c) deteriorate (d) sit   =
4 2 8
Ans. (b)
7. The ratio of the number of boys and girls who
4. Newspapers are a constant source of delight and participated in an examination is 4.3. The to-
S

recreation for me. The _____ trouble is that I tal percentage of candidates who passed the ex-
read _____ many of them. amination is 80 and the percentage of girls who
passed is 90. The percentage of boys who passed
(a) even, too (b) only, quite
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is _____.
(c) even, quite (d) only, too (a) 90.00 (b) 55.50
Ans. (d) (c) 72.50 (d) 80.50
Ans. (c)
5. It takes two hours for a person X to mow the
lawn. Y can mow the same lawn in four hours. Boys 4
Participated 
How long (in minutes) will it take X and Y, if Girls 3
they work together to mow the lawn ? Pass % = 80%
(a) 120 (b) 60
Let total students be x.
(c) 90 (d) 80
Passed students = 0.8x
Ans. (d)
work 4
Rate of work of X persons = Boys = x
120 7
 3 both Rekha and Lakshmi. Lakshmi is taller
Girls = x than Sana. Mita is taller than Ganga.
7
1. Lakshmi is taller than Rekha
3
Passed girls = 0.9  x 2. Rekha is shorter than Mita
7
3. Rekha is taller than Sana
Let passed boys = y
4. Sana is shorter than Ganga

R
3 (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3
0.9  x  y
7 = 0.8 (c) 1 only (d) 2 and 4

x
Ans. (d)

TE
2.7 2.9x
 y = 0.8x  x
7 7 SECTION: ELECTRICAL
2.9x ENGINEERING
% Boys passed = 7  100  72.5%
4 1. The output response of a system is denoted as
x
7 y(t), and its Laplace transform is given by
AS
10
8. How many integers are there between 100 and Y s 
s  s  s  100 2 
2
1000 all of whose digits are even ?
(a) 60 (b) 80 The steady state value of y(t) is
(c) 100 (d) 90 1
Ans. (c) (a) (b) 10 2
M

10 2
No. of integers whole all digits are even 1
(c) 100 2 (d)
100 2
4 4 5 Ans. (a)
 4 × 5 × 5 = 100 Sol: Given transfer function
S

9. An award winning study by a group of research- 10

y(s) = 2
ers suggests that men are as prone to buying s(s  s  100 2)
IE

on impulse as women but women feel more The steady-state value of y(t) = Lt y(t)
guilty about shopping. t 

(a) Many men and women indulge in buying According to final value theorem.
on impulse
Lt y(t) = lim Sy(s)
(b) All men and women indulge in buying on t  s0
impulse
 10 
(c) Few men and women indulge in buying = lim S  2 
on impulse
s 0
 s(s  s  100 2) 
(d) Some men and women indulge in buying 10 1
on impulse = 
100 2 10 2
Ans. (d)
1
Lt y(t) 
10. Consider five people -Mita, Ganga, Rekha, t  10 2
Lakshmi and Sana. Ganga is the taller than
 1 2 r 3
1
Hence, the steady-state value of y(t) is .  C1 = 
10 2 R 4
ln
r
2. A coaxial cylindrical capacitor shown in Figure
(i) has dielectric with relative permittivity 2r 
2
and C2 = 
r1  2 . When one-fourth portion of the dielec- R 4
ln
r
tric is replaced with another dielectric of rela-
As, C1 and C2 are in parallel
tive permittivity r2 , as shown in Figure (ii),
2 r1 3 2r 2 

R
the capacitance is doubled. The value of r2 is Ceq = C1 + C2 =   
R 4 R 4
_____. ln ln
r r

r
R

r1  2
R
r

r1  2
r2

TE =

2ln
R
r
(3r1  r 2 )

For figure (i),

AS
2r1
Figure (i) Figure (ii) C= R
ln
r
Ans. (10)
Given that,
Sol: Ceq = 2C
M

 2r1
 
r2  (3r1  r 2 )  2 
R R
r 2ln ln
R
r r
r1 = 2
3r1  r 2  8 r1
S

The capacitance for region (r1 )   r 2  5 r 1

IE

2r
C1 = 1
(   )  r 2 = 5 × 2 = 10
R
ln
r r 2  10

and the capacitance for region ( r2 )
3. A current controlled current source (CCCS) has
2r
2
C2 =  an input impedance of 10  and output imped-
R
ln ance of 100 k . When the CCCS is used in a
r
negative feedback closed loop with a loop gain
90  of 9, the closed loop output impedance is
here,    45 
2 4
 (a) 100 k (b) 1000k load voltage.]
(c) 100  (d) 10  5. The output voltage of a single-phase full bridge
Ans. (b) voltage source inverter is controlled by unipo-
lar PWM with one pulse per half cycle. For the
Sol. fundamental rms component of output voltage
to be 75% of DC voltage, the required pulse
Current controlled current source (CCCS)
width in degrees (round off up to one decimal

R
Zin = 10 place) is _____.
Zo/p = 100 k Ans. (112.88°)

TE
Sol: Single phase full bridge VSI with PWM
A = 9
Vdc
V0
ls lin 10
L
A O 
A 2d
2d
AS
li D
Fig. (a) Output voltage waveform of PWM
control (one pulse per half cycle)

4Vdc n
Output is series connection Von =  n
sin nd  sin
2
 sin nt
n  6K 1

Zo/p = Zo(1 + A  ) = 100 (1 + 9) k

M

V01rms = Fundamental rms output voltage

Zo/ p  1000 k 2 2 
V01rms = Vdc sin d  sin
 2
4. A 5kVA, 50 V/100V, single-phase transformer
has a secondary terminal voltage of 95V when V01rms
S

 Given  0.75
loaded. The regulation of the transformer is Vdc
(a) 9% (b) 5%
2 2
IE

(c) 1% (d) 4.5%  0.75 = sin d  

Ans. (b)   

V2nl  V2fl 1  0.75 

Sol: Voltage regulation =  100%  d = sin    56.44
V2nl  0.9 
Hence, pulse width 2d = 2 × 56.44 = 112.88°
100  95
Hence, VR =  100% = 5%
100 6. The open loop transfer function of a unity feed-
[Note: For transformers, the voltage drop back system is given by
from no load to full load is given with respect
e0.25s
to no load voltage as it is fixed by the power G s 
s
supply. In G(s) plane, the Nyquist plot of G(s) passes
Whereas, for alternators and transmission through the negative real axis at the point.
lines, the reference voltage is taken as full (a) (–0.75, j0) (b) (–1.5, j0)
(c) (–1.25, j0) (d) (–0.5, j0)
Sol: Nyquist-plot cut the negative real axis at C kT
(a) (b)
  pc (Phase cross-over frequency) kT C
kT kT
e0.25( j) (c) (d)
G(j) = C C
j
Ans. (b)
180
 = 90  0.25  Sol: Given that,

Img KT
 Mean  0 

R
2 = C
Hence, standard deviation

TE
KT
 =
Real C
a
=
8. If f  2x3  3y2  4z , the value of line integral

C
grad f.dr evaluated over contour C formed
AS
=0 by the segments (–3, –3, 2)  (2, –3, 2)  (2, 6,
2)  (2, 6, –1) is _____.

   pc   180  90  (45) Ans. (139)


 45  Sol: c gradf  dr =?

 90° = pc  
   
dr = dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzkˆ
M

 pc  2
d
Magnitude at cutting point
and grad f =
dx

2x3  3y 2  4z ˆi 
a = GH   pc
d d
+
dy
 
2x 3  3y2  4z ˆj 
dz

2x3  3y 2  4z kˆ 
S

 
a = 
pc 2  
grad f = 6x iˆ   6y  ˆj   4  kˆ
2


IE

1 So, grad f  dr = 6x 2dx  6ydy  4dz

a
2 2
c gradf  dr =  6x dx   6ydy   4dz
Hence Nyquist-plot of G(s) passes through Applying the limits
the negative used axis at the point (–0.5, j0)
 2 2 3 2 
c gradf  dr=  3 6x dx  3 6ydy  2 4dz 
7. The mean square of a zero mean random pro-  
 2 6 2 
cess is kT C , where k is Boltzman’s constant. 2
+  2 6x dx  3 6ydy  2 4dz  +
T is the absolute temperature, and C is capaci-  
tance. The standard deviation of the random.  2 6x 2dx  6 6ydy  1 4dz 
 2 6 2 
  3 2  R=3.77 
c grad  fdr =  2x   3
 0  0 
 L=10 mH t=0

 2 6  1 v(t) = 150 sin (377t+)

 
 3y 3
 0  0   0  0   4z 2 
  

c gradf  dr = 2  8  27    3  36  9  + 4 1  2 (a) –30 (b) –45

R
= 70 + 81 – 12 = 139 (c) 60 (d) 90
Ans. (b)
9. A six-pulse thyristor bridge rectifier is con-
Sol:

TE
nected to a balanced three-phase, 50 Hz AC
source. Assuming that the DC output current R L
of the rectifier is constant, the lowest harmonic
component in the AC input current is i(t)
V(t)
(a) 100 Hz (b) 150 Hz
(c) 300 Hz (d) 250 Hz
AS
By applying KVL in the loop, we get
Ans. (d)
di  t 
Sol: Supply current as AC input current of 6 pulse i(t).R + L = V(t)
thyristor bridge rectifier is quasi-square dt
waveform. Solving this differential equation
Is  Complimentary   Particular 

M

I0  i(t) =  
 Integral   Integral 
2/3 I0 2
For complimentary integral
4I0 n di  t 
Isn =  n
sin
3
sin nt i(t) R + L = 0
dt
S

n = 6k ± 1 so, we get i  t   A  e
 Rt
L
 DC offset.
Note: Due to symmetric waveform, even
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For particular integral

harmonic does not present.
Harmonic present n = 6k ± 1 Vm
i(t) = sin  t     
z
For lowest component, k = 1, n = 5, 7
where  = 377 rad/sec
So, the lowest harmonic component in the
AC input current is nfin 1  L 
 = tan  
= 50 × 5 = 250 Hz  R 
Vm
 Rt
10. In the circuit shown below, the switch is closed i(t) = A  e sin  t     
L

z
at t = 0. The value of  in degrees which will
Applying boundary conditions
give the maximum value of DC offset of the cur-
rent at the time of switching is at t = 0, i(t) = 0

c1
H(s) a = G s2  b s  c
1  b1  0
2 2 2
 0 Vm pf = 0.5
0 = A e  sin    0      
z and P = 1pu
Vm Since, P = VIcos 
A+ sin      = 0
z
1 = 1 × I × 0.5
 Vm
A sin      I  2pu
z
For maximum value of DC offset “A” So, line current in ampere is I = 2 × 200 =
400A.

R
   = –90°
12. The partial differential equation
1 L 
  tan  R  = –90°  2u 2
 2u 
2 u

TE ; where c  0 is known
  C
t 2
  x 2 y 2   0
 
 
 377  10  103  as
  tan 1   = –90°
 3.77  (a) wave equation
(b) Laplace equation
  45 = –90°
(c) heat equation
AS
  45 (d) Poisson’s equation
11. A three-phase synchronous motor draws 200A Ans. (a)
from the line at unity power factor at rated load. Sol: (i) Wave equation
Considering the same line voltage and load.,
the line current at a power factor of 0.5 leading  2u 2
2 u  2u 
 C  
t 2  x 2 y2 
M

is  
(a) 400 A (b) 300 A (ii) Laplace equation
(c) 200 A (d) 100 A
 2u  2u
Ans. (a)  2u   0
x 2 y2
S

Sol: Considering in per-unit system (iii) Poisson’s equation

Initially,
 2u  f
V = Vrated = 1pu (iv) Heat equation
IE

 given I = 200A  u   2u  2u  2 u 
I = Irated = 1pu      2  2  2   0
 consider as Ibase  t  x y z 
p.f = 1 (unity)
13. The parameter of an equivalent circuit of a
So, P = VIcos  three-phase induction motor affected by reduc-
ing the rms value of the supply voltage at the
P = 1 ×1 × 1
rated frequency is
P  1pu (a) magnetizing reactance
(b) rotor leakage reactance
Now, V = Vrated = 1pu
(c) rotor resistance
I = ?
(d) stator resistance
Ans. (a) Ans. (d)
Stator Sol. In option 1, 2 and 3 singularities lying inside
Sol.
R1 X1 X2 the contour but in option 4 singularity z = –
2 lying outside the contour z = 1.
Rotor So, the function given in option 4 is analytic
Xm R R 2/s in the region z  1 .

R
16. The inverse Laplace transform of H(s) =
s3

TE
V1 V for t  0 is
 m  Im Im  s2  2s  1
f Xm
(a) 4tet  e t (b) 2te  t  e t
V (c) (d) 3e t
  m  3te t  e t
f(  const.)
Ans. (b)
AS
By reducing the rms value of the supply Sol: Given from function
voltage at rated frequency, magnetising
current changes which changes the s3
magnetizing reactance. H(s) = t0
s2  2s  1
So, option (1).
By using partial fraction
M

14. The symbols,  and T, represent positive quan- s3 A B

tities, and u(t) is the unit step function. Which H(s) = 2
 
(s  1) (s  1) (s  1)2
one of the following impulse responses is NOT
the output of a causal linear time-invariant sys- s + 3 = A(s + 1) + B
tem?
 s + 3 = As + A + B
S

(a) 1  e at u  t  (b) e a  t T  u  t 

Equating coefficients, we get
(c) e at
u t (d) e a t  T  u  t 
 A 1
IE

Ans. (a)
Sol. 1 + e –at u(t) and B2

Due to presence of 1, Given impulse response A B

is non-cousal. H(s) = 
(s  1) (s  1)2
15. Which one of the following function is analytic 1 2
in the region z  1 ? H(s) = (s  1) 
(s  1)2
z2  1 z2  1 By taking Inverse Laplace, we get
(a) (b)
z z  j0.5
h(t) = et  (2et ) t
z2  1 z2  1
(c) (d)
z  0.5 z2 h(t)  2te  t  e  t
 Condition for Transistor in saturation
0 1 1 
17. The rank of the matrix, M = 1 0 1  is _____. VGS > Vth
1 1 0  and VDS > VoV
Ans. (3) VDS > VGS – Vth
Sol: Given data,
iD
0 1 1  VDS < VOV
 
M = 1 0 1  1 2
knV0V
Triode

R
1 1 0  2
33
Saturation
Determinant of M VDS > VoV

TE
VDS
0 1 1 VoV
1 0 1
|M| = 19. The total impedance of the secondary winding,
1 1 0 leads, and burden of a 5 A CT is 0.01  . If the
= 0(0 – 1) – 1(0 – 1) + 1 (1 – 0) fault current is 20 times the rated primary cur-
rent of the CT, the VA output of the CT is _____.
= 1 +1 = 2
AS
Ans. (100)
 M 0 Sol:
Hence, rank of the matrix is ‘3’. IP
18. Given, Vgs is the gate-source voltage, Vds is the
drain source voltage, and Vth is the threshold
CT
voltage of an enhancement type NMOS tran-
M

sistor, the conditions for transistor to be biased

in saturation are :
(a) Vgs  Vth ; Vds  Vgs  Vth Secondary rated current of CT = 5A
(b) Vgs  Vth ; Vds  Vgs  Vth Secondary impedance = 0.01
S

(c) Vgs  Vth ; Vds  Vgs  Vth Pr imary current

CT Ratio =
Vgs  Vth ; Vds  Vgs  Vth Secondary current
(d)
IE

Since, fault current is 20 times the rated

Ans. (b) primary current.
Sol. Hence, secondary current of CT will also be
D 20 times the rated secondary current.
Now, when fault occurs, the secondary
Enhancement
current will be
N MOS transistar Is = 20 × Rated secondary current of CT
= 20 × 5A
G
= 100A
Hence, VA output of the CT
S
 = EI 1 pu
0.25 pu

= (IZ) × I 0.25 pu
1 pu
= (100 × 0.01) × 100
0.25 pu 0.05 pu
= 100 VA 1 pu
1 pu
0.25 pu
20. The characteristic equation of a linear time-in- 1 pu (Equivalent circuit)

R
variant (LTI) system is given by 0.25 pu
1 pu
  s   s4  3s3  3s2  s  k  0
BusBar
The system is BIBO stable if

TE
For short circuit current (If)
8
(a) k > 6 (b) 0  k  0.05 If
9
12
(c) 0k (d) k > 3
9 1pu
Ans. (b)
AS
Sol: R-H criteria
Vpu 1
S 4
1 3 k If = X =
pu 0.05
3
S 3 1 0
If  20pu
8
S2 k
3 So, short circuit level in MVA is (If) × (MVA
M

8/3  3k rating of alternator)

S1 0
8/3 S.C (MVA) level = 20 × 5 (MVA) = 100 MVA
S0 k
22. A system transfer function is H(s) =
For BIBO stable, all elements of first column
a1s2  b1s  c1
S

have same sign,

. If a1 = b1 = 0, and all other coef-
8 a2s2  b2s  c 2
 3k ficients are positive, the transfer function rep-
k > 0 and 3 0
IE

8 resents a
3 (a) high pass filter (b) notch filter
8 (c) low pass filter (d) band pass filter
 k
9 Ans. (c)
8
Hence, 0  k  Sol.
9
c1
21. Five alternators each rated 5 MVA, 13.2 kVA H(s) a = a s2  b s  c
1  b1  0
2 2 2
with 25% of reactance on its own base are con-
c1
nected in parallel to a busbar. The short-cir- H(j) = jb  a ()2  c
cuit level in MVA at the busbar is _____. 2 2 2

Ans. (100) at  = 0
Sol: According to the given condition. H(j)  c1 /c 2  K
 at  =  Hence, eigen values of M2 are 16 and 81.
H( j  )  0 Proof: Let  be the eigen value of A2, then
So, given filter is a low pass filter.
A 2  I  0
23. The current I flowing in the circuit shown be-
low in amperes (round off to one decimal place)
is _____.
or A   
I A  I  0

I 2 3 hence, either A   I  0

R
20 V + or A  I  0
2A – 5I

Ans. (1.4 amp)

Sol.
TE Eigen values of A are  or   .

25. The Ybus matrix of a two-bus power system hav-

ing two identical parallel lines connected be-
tween them in pu is given as
AS
2 I I+2 3
  j8 j20 
Ybus   
 j20  j8 
The magnitude of the series reactance of each
+ 5I
20V 2A – line in pu (round off up to one decimal place) is
_____.
Ans. (0.1)
M

Sol:
Current distribution is shown in the above
1 y 2
diagram.
Applying KVL in the loop
y
S

20 – 2I – 3(I + 2) – 5I = 0
20 – 10I – 6 = 0
y10 y10
IE

10 I = 14

I  1.4 Ampere
Let, y be the admittance of identical lines
24. M is a 2×2 matrix with eigenvalues 4 and 9 The and, y10 and y20 is the shunt admittance
eigenvalues of M2 are connected at bus-1 and bus-2 respectively.
(a) –2 and –3 (b) 2 and 3 Then, by using direct inspection method, yBUS
(c) 4 and 9 (d) 16 and 81 is given as,
Ans. (d)
 y10  2y 2y 
Sol: When M is required, the eigen vectors remain yBUS =  
unchanged whereas, the eigen values are  2y y20  2y 
squared.
 Comparing this matrix with given by yBUS. (a) 48 W (b) 24 W
y10 + 2y = –j8 (c) 12 W (d) 6 W

y20 + 2y = –j8 Ans. (d)

2y = –j20 Sol. Given,

Vdc = 48 V
 y = –j10

R
R = 24
1
Hence, series reactance =  0.10 fs = 250 Hz
10
Ton = 1 msec

TE
26. The closed loop line integral
Pload = ?
z3  z2  8
 z  2 dz L I0
z 5
evaluated counterclockwise, is
AS
(a) 4j (b) 8j Vdc C R
(c) 8j (d) 4j
Ans. (b)
(Buck converter)
Sol: According to Cauchy’s integral formula
TON
So, D =  Ton f
1 f(z) T
M

f(a) =
2j  (z  a) dz
C D = 1 10   250
3

(if f(z) is analytic within and on the closed D  0.25

curve C)
Waveform
S

Hence,
iL
f (z)
 (z  2) {where, f(z) = z3 + z2 + 8}
IE

C t
(Continous conduction mode)

I0
= 2j f( 2) { a = –2}
I0
= 2j( 8  4  8) t
IC
=  j8 t

27. A DC-DC buck converter operates in continu-

VC
ous conduction mode. It has 48 V input volt-
age, and it feeds a resistive load of 24  . The VC
switching frequency of the converter is 250 Hz. t
If switch-on duration is 1 ms, the load power is Current I0 is ripple free due to high value
of inductor present in Buck converter. But
Vc have some ripple.
 Considering fourier transform of I0 and Vc 170 8 
So, that, V = V, I  ,
I0 = I0avg 2 2 6
170 8 
 
Power = V0avg  I0avg   harmonics power   P =
2

2
 cos  588.9 Watts
6
 Harmonics power = 0; (Because no
29. A fully-controlled three-phase bridge converter
harmonics in current I0)
is working from a 415 V, 50 Hz AC supply. It is
 V0avg  supplying constant current of 100 A at 40 V to
P =  V0avg    a DC load. Assume large inductive smoothing
 R 

R
and neglect overlap. The rms value of the AC
2 line current in amperes (round off to two deci-
=
 V0avg  mal places) is _____.
R

TE
Ans. (81.649A)
V0avg = Vs  0.25  48  12 V
Sol. For 3 phase 6 pulse AC to DC converter,
2 source current is quasi square waveform.
P =
12 
24 SCR conducts for (2 / 3) in 2 period.
is
AS
P  6W

28. The voltage across and the current through a I0 2/3 2

t
load are expressed as follows 2
I0
 
v  t   170 sin  377t   V
 6 2 / 3 2
 ISr = Io  Io
M

   3
i  t   8 cos  377t   A
 6  2
The average power in watts (round off to one  ISr = 100   81.649 A
3
decimal place) consumed by the load is _____
Ans. (588.9) 30. A 220 V (line), three-phase, Y-connected, syn-
S

chronous motor has a synchronous impedance

Sol: Given data,
of (0.25 + j2.5)  phase . The motor draws the
  rated current of 10A at a 0.8 pf leading. The
IE

v(t) = 170 sin  377t   V rms value of line-to-line internal voltage in volts
 6
(round off to two decimal places) is _____.
  Ans. (245.34 volts)
= 170 cos  377t   V
 3 
Sol. zs = (0.25  j2.5) /ph
 
and i(t) = 8 cos  377t   A I = 10A, 0.8 pf leading
 6 
E ZS
The average power is given as,
I
P = VIcos 
220
where, V and I are the rms values and  is V  0
3
the phase angle difference or power factor   
E  V  I Zs
angle between v(t) and i(t).
  220 |G(j)|(dB)
 1

E = 3  0  10cos (0.8)  0.25  j2.5  60 –20 dB/decade

E = 127.01 + 13 – 21.5j 40

 –40 dB/decade
E = 140.01 – 21.5j 20

 0
E = 141.65   8.736 volts (per phase)

R
1 10 20  (log scale)

EL-L  3  141.65
–60 dB/decade

TE
EL-L  245.345 volts
Consider the following two statements.
Statement I : Transfer function G(s) has three
31. The probability of a resistor being defective is
poles and one zero
0.02. There are 50 such resistors in a circuit.
Statement II : At very high frequency (    ),
The probability of two or more defective resis-
tors in the circuit (round off to two decimal 3
the phase angle G  j  
AS
places) is _____. 2
Which of the following options is correct ?
Ans. (0.26)
(a) Statement I is true and statement II is
Sol. Probability of a resistor being defective false.
p(def) = 0.02 (b) Both the statements are true
Numbers of resistors = 50 (c) Both the statements are false
M

Approximated Poisson distribution will have (d) Statement I is false and statement II is
true.
mean =   np
Ans. (d)
  = 50 × 0.02 = 1
Sol.
S

Poisson distribution,
|G(j)|(dB)
ex 60 –20 dB/decade
f(x) =
x!
IE

40
e0
p(0 defective) =  e1 20
–40 dB/decade
0!
0
e1
p(1 defective) =  e1 1 10 20  (log scale)
1!
p(2 or more defective) = 1 – p(0 defective) – –60 dB/decade
p(1 defective)
Transfer function of given Bode plot is
 p(2 or more defective)
= 1 – e–1 – e–1 = 1 – 2e–1 K
=
 s  s 
= 0.26 s  1   1 
 1  20 
32. The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot of a mini- K(20)
mum phase transfer function G(s) is shown G(s) =
s(s  1)(s  20)
 1 1   
Statement-I:
( j) = 90  tan   tan  20 
   d b  a 
Transfer function G(s) has only three Poles. U1T V1 =  ad  bc   = 1
ad  bc   c 
So, statement I is false. ad  bc
= 1
ad  bc
and (j)  = – 90 – 90 – 90 = – 270
 c a  b 
3 UT2 V2 =  ad  bc  
ad  bc  d 
= 

R
2
 bc  ad
So, statement II is true. = 1
ad  bc
Option (d)

TE
So, statement 1 true.
33. Consider a 2 × 2 matrix M = [v1 v2] where, v1 Statement-II:
and v 2 are the column vectors. Suppose
 d b   b 
 uT  U1T V2 =  ad  bc  
ad  bc  d 
M1   1  , where u1T and u2T are the row vec-
uT2  bd bd
AS
tors. Consider the following statements : =  0
ad  bc ad  bc
Statement I : u1T v1  1 and uT2 v 2  1
 c a  a 
Statement II : u1T v 2  0 and u2T v1  0 U2T V1 =  ad  bc  
ad  bc   c 
(a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is
false ac ac
=  0
M

(b) Both the statements are false ad  bc ad  bc

(c) Statement 2 is true and statement 1 false Statement-II ture.
(d) Both the statements are true.
34. The transfer function of a phase lead compen-
Ans. (4) sator is given by
S

a b   1 
Sol. Let M =   =  V1 V2  , 3 s  
c d D s   3T 
 1 .
s  
IE

a  b  T
V1 =   , V2 =  
c d 
The frequency (in rad/sec), at which D  j is
1  d b   U1T  maximum is
M–1 =   =  T
ad  bc  c a   U 2  1
(a) (b) 3T
3T2
 d b 
U1T = 
 ad  bc ad  bc  3
(c) (d) 3T3
T2
 c a 
U T2 =  Ans. (a)
 ad  bc ad  bc 
Checking given statement Sol. Given phase lead compensator transfer
function
  1  (a) 300 A (b) 0 A
3S  
 3T  100
D(s) = (c) A (d) 100 A
 1 3
S  
 T
The Frequency (in rad/sec) at which Ans. (d)
D  j  max Sol. Line current of a 3  - 4 wire system are

R
square wave and phase shifted by 120° with
m = zero  pole respect to each other
lR

TE
 1   1  1
n =    =
 3T   T  3T2
100  4/3 5/3 2 100
1 t
m  /3 2/3 100
2
3T
AS
ly
35. A single-phase controlled thyristor converter is
used to obtain an average voltage of 180 V with 2/3
t
10A constant current to feed a DC load. It is 100 100
fed from single-phase AC supply of 230V, 50
Hz. Neglect the source impedance. The power lB
factor (round off to two decimal places) of AC
M

100 /3 2/3  100

main is _____. t
100
Ans. (0.7826)
ln = nuetral current
Sol. Given:
S

Single phase full controlled converter 100

t
V0 = 180 volt = average output voltage
IE

Vacrms = 230 volt We get neutral current a square wave form of

V0 I0 180  10 time period 2 .
Input power factor = V I = 3
sr sr 230  10 The neutral current can be expressed at
 
 180   100A, 0  t  3
IPF     0.7826
 230  in = 
 100A,   t  2
 3 3
36. The line currents of a three-phase four wire sys-
tem are square waves with amplitude of 100 A. This square waveform can be split into
These three currents are phase shifted by 120° 
in1 = 100A; 0  t 
with respect to each other. The rms value of 3
neutral current is
  2 X
in2 = –100A; t X XY
3 3 Y
Y XY + YX
For rms value,
Z
t1 X
i n1 rms = 100 XY
T
1/2 Y
1 T 
i n2 rms =    100 2  d( t) 
Tt  Z = XY  XY
 1 

R
T  t1 ZXY
= 100
T
It is an XOR gate.

TE
 2
where, t1  and T 
3 3 38. A moving coil instrument having a resistance
 3 100 of 10  gives a full scale deflection when the
Now, i n1  100  current is 10 mA. What should be the value of
rms 2 3 2
the series resistance, so that it can be used as
voltmeter for measuring potential difference up
AS
 3 100
i n2 rms = 100  to 100 V ?
2 3 2
(a) 990  (b) 9990 
2 2 (c) 99  (d) 9 
Now, in rms  i n1
rms   i n2
rms 
Ans. (b)
1002 1002 Sol. Given:
M

= 
2 2
PMMC instrument
= 100 A
Ifs = 10mA
37. In the circuit shown below, X and Y are digital Rin = 10
inputs, and Z is a digital output. The equiva-
S

lent circuit is a 10, 10mA

X
meter Rse
IE

Y 100V
Z
Hence, 100 = 10 × 10–3 × (10 + Rse)

-
100
 10 + Rse =  10000
102
 Rse = 10000 – 10 = 9990 
(a) XOR gate (b) NOR gate
i.e. series resistance = 9990 
(c) NAND gate (d) XNOR gate
Ans. (a) 39. A 30 kV, 50 Hz, 50 MVA generator has the posi-
tive, negative, and zero sequence reactances of
Sol:
 0.25 pu, 0.15 pu, and 0.05 pu, respectively. The 100k
neutral of the generator is grounded with a re-
actance so that the fault current for a bolted
LG fault and that of a bolted three-phase fault 10k
at the generator terminal are equal. The value V1 –
of grounding reactance in ohms (round off to + Vout
V2
one decimal place) is _____. 10k

R
Ans. (1.8)
100k
Sol: Fault current for single line to ground fault

TE
3V
IFLG = …(i)
(x 0  x1  x 2  3x n )
(a) 100 mV (b) 600 mV
x0 = Zero sequence reactance (c) 400 mV (d) 500 mV
x1 = Positive sequence reactance Ans. (c)
AS
x2 = Negative sequence reactance Sol: Sources are connected on both terminals, so
xn = Neutral reactance of generator we applied Superposition theorem,
Fault current for 3 fault R2

V
If 3 = R1
x1 V1
M

V Vout
Given, If LG  If 3 V2
Ra
Rb
3V V
so, x  x  x  3x  x
0 1 2 n 1
S

 R2   R2 
3x1 = x0 + x1 + x2 + 3xn Vout =   R  V1  1  R  V
 1   1 
2x1  x 0  x 2
IE

xn =  R1  10 k
3  R  100 k
 2
2(0.25)  0.05  0.15 
xn =  Ra  10 k
3 R b  100 k
x n  0.1 pu
 Rb 
2 and V = R R  V2
 (30)   a b 
x n (in ) = (0.1)   
 50
   R2   R2   R b 
So, Vout =   R  V1  1  R   R  R  V2
x n (in )  1.8   1   1  a b 

 100   100  100 

40. In the circuit below, the operational amplifier Vout =  
10  10   1  10  10  100  (50)
is ideal. If V1 = 10 mV and V2 = 50 mV, the out-     
put voltage (Vout) is
Vout  400 mV
41. The magnitude circuit shown below has uni-  lair lcore 
form cross-sectional area and air gap of 0.2 cm. =   1  a      a 
The mean path length of the core is 40 cm. As-  0 0 r 
sume that leakage and fringing fluxes are neg- 1  lcore 
ligible. When the core relative permeability is ST =  a lair   
0  r 
assumed to be infinite, the magnetic flux den-
sity computed in the air gap is 1 tesla. With Case 1 : When  r core   , B = 1T
same Ampere-turns, if the core relative perme-
ability is assumed to be 1000 (linear), the flux  l  1
 MMF = NI = B1  a  lair  core 
density in tesla (round off to three decimal     0a

R
 r
places) calculated in the air gap is _____.
1 l
10 cm  NI = 1  a  lair  0   air
 o a 0

I
TE 

Case 2 :
NI1 =
lair
0
...(i)
10 cm

0.2 cm r = 1000
AS
mmf = same as in Case-1
 l  1
 mmf = NI1 = B2  a  lair  core  
 r  0a
Put NI1 value from equation (i)
Ans. (0.834)
lair 1  lcore 
Sol. B2 lair  1000 
M

 0 =
0
lcore = 40 – 0.2 = 39.8 cm
 39.8 
lair = 0.2 cm  0.2 = B2 0.2 
 100 
10 cm
0.2 0.2
B2 = 
S


0.2  0.0398 0.2398
 B2 = 0.834 Tesla
I
IE

10 cm 0.2 cm
42. A 0.1 F capacitor charged to 100 V is dis-
charged through a 1k resistor. The time in
ms (round off to two decimal places) required
for the voltage across the capacitor to drop to 1
Let a = uniform x-sectional area V is _____.
We know that Ans. (0.46)
MMF NI Sol. Initially,V(0) = 100V
 = flux  
Total reluc tan ce ST
C = 0.1 F
ST = Sairgap + Score
R = 1 k
 So, V(t) = V      V  0   V     et/  I
R eq
Here, V    = 0
E eq 20
and  = RC
 = 1000 × 0.1 × 10–6

R
E1 E2 E3 E4
  104 sec   
R1 R2 R3 R4
Where, Eeq =
4
1 1 1 1
So, V(t) = 0  100  0e t/10   

TE
R1 R2 R3 R4

t 200 160  100   80 

104    
V  t   100 e 50 40  25   20 
=
1 1 1 1
Now, voltage drops to 1V,   
50 40 25 20
AS
t
100 e 104 = 1 4444
=
t
 1 1 1 1 
104  50  40  25  20 
e  100  
Taking log on both side = 0V
t So, the current ‘I’ flowing in the circuit is
= ln(100)
M

104 0A.
t = 4.6 × 10–4 sec
44. A single-phase transformer of rating 25 kVA,
t  0.46 msec supplies a 12 kW load at power factor of 0.6
lagging. The additional load at unity power fac-
43. The current I flowing in the circuit shown be- tor in kW (round off to two decimal places) that
S

low in amperes is _____. may be added before this transformer exceeds

its rated kVA is _____.
IE

I
50 40 25 20 Ans. (7.20 kW)
20 Sol: 12 kW load at 0.6 pf

200V
So, SLoad = 12 + j16
160V 100V 80V
Now, P is added extra
SLoad = (P + 12) + j16
Ans. (0A)

Sol: According to Milliman’s Theorem, the

SLoad = (P  12)2  (16)2
equivalent circuit of the given circuit is
SLoad = 25
 Ans. (a)
(P  12)2  (16)2  25

(P + 12)2 + 162 = 625 Sol. T = 2    2  T  1

(P + 12) = ± 19.2 x(t)

P = 7.2, –31.2
t
P is positive value  2

So, 7.20 kW extra load at unity pf can be T

2

R
added.  
an 
= T x t cosn t d( t)
0
45. If A  2xi  3yj  4zk and u  x 2  y2  z2 , then
2

TE
div(uA) at (1, 1, 1) is _____ 2
a1 1 =
Ans. (45) T  2 2  A sin t cos t dt
0


Sol. uA = 2x  2xy  2xz
3 2 2
  ˆi  3x 2 y  3y3
A



=  sin t.cos tdt
0
2
 ˆj   4x z  4y z  4z  kˆ
2 2 3
AS
3yz  
A sin 2t A   cos 2t 
d d a1 =  2
 
2  2  0
div(uA) =
dx

2x 3  2xy2  2xz2 
dy
 0

d A
cos 0  cos2  0
 3x y  3y
2 3

 3yz2 
dz

4x 2 z  4y2 z  4z3  a1 =
4
M

2 2

2 2 2
div(uA) = 6x  2y  2z  3x  9y  3z
2
   a1  0
T

 4x 2  4y2  12z2 ; At (1, 1, 1)  2
= T x  t  sin nt d( t)
& bn 
div(uA)=  6  2  2    3  9  3    4  4  12  0
S


2
div  uA   45

b1 = 2 A sin t.sin tdt
0
IE

46. A periodic function f(t), with a period of 2 , is 

A 2
represented as its Fourier series, =  sin t dt
  0
f  t   a0   n 1 an cos nt   n 1 bn sin nt

 A sin t, 0  t   A 1  cos 2t 
f t    =  2  dt
0,   t  2 0
the Fourier series coefficients a1 and b1 of f(t) 
are A  1 cos2t 

=   2  2  dt
A A 0
(a) a1  0; b1  (b) a1  ; b1  0
2 2 
A1 sin 2t 
A A =  t  
(c) a1  ; b1  0 (d) a1  0; b1    2 4 0 
 
 A  A infinite bus. The power angle of the generator
b1    in degree (round off to one decimal place) is
 2 2 _____.
47. The enhancement type MOSFET in the circuit Xt=0.2 pu XL1=0.4 pu
below operates according to the square law, V  10

nCox  100 A V 2 , the threshold voltage  VT  G XL2=0.4 pu

is 500 mV. Ignore channel length modulation.

R
Xd=0.25 pu
The output voltage Vout is
VDD=2V Ans. (20.51°)

TE
Sol: Equivalent circuit of the network can be
drawn as
5 A
E
0.25j 0.20j 0.20j
Vout G
I V = 10°
AS
W 10m Given, P = 0.8 pu

L 1 m
pf = 0.8 pu (lagging)
V = 1 pu

(a) 500 mA (b) 2 V P = VIcos 

M

(c) 100 mV (d) 600 mV 0.8 = 1 × I × 0.8

Ans. (d)
so, I  1 pu
1  2
Sol. ID = 2  n Cox   L   Vgs  VT  I  1   cos1 (0.8) pu
 
S

Applying KVL to determine E

1  2
5 × 10–6  6

=   100  10 10  Vout  0.5
2
(generator voltage)
IE

2 E  V  I X eq
Vout  0.5 = 0.01
1
Vout – 0.5 = ±0.1 E = 10  (0.25  0.2  0.2)  90)[1  cos (0.8)]
Vout =0.6V and 0.4 Volts E   = 1  0.65  53.13

So, Vout  600 mV  E    1.484  20.51

Option (d) is correct So,   20.51

48. In the single machine infinite bus system shown 49. The output expression for the Karnaugh map
below, the generator is delivering the real power shown below is
of 0.8 pu and 0.8 power factor lagging to the
 PQ IS L D
00 01 11 10
RS
00 0 1 1 0
VS SW C

01 1 1 1 1

(a)
11 1 1 1 1
S V 24 1
10 0 0 0 0 1    = V  48  2

R
0

(a) QR  S (b) QR  S 1
 =  Duty ratio
2

TE
(c) QR  S (d) QR  S
Assuming losses switch/converter.
Ans. (b)
Pin = P0
Sol:
VSIS = 120
PQ
RS IS = 120/24 = 5 Amp
00 01 11 10
AS
ii
00 0 1 1 0
01 1 1 1 1 Im
Is
11 1 1 1 1 Is IL (IL)avg = I S
10 0 0 0 0

f(P,Q,R,S) = S  QR
M

Fig. (b): Inductor current waveform.

50. In a DC-DC boost converter, the duty ratio is
controlled to regulate the output voltage at 48V. At the boundary between contineous and
The input DC voltage is 24 V. The output power discontineous conduction mode.
is 120 W. The switching frequency is 50 kHz. Imn = 0
Assume ideal components and a very large out-
S

put filter capacitor. The converter operates at Imn = 0

the boundary between continuous and discon- IL
tinuous conduction mode. The value of the boost ILay =  IS
IE

2
inductor (in H ) is _____
IL = 2 × 5 = 10 Amp
Ans. (24)
During TON:-
Sol. Given Boost converter
Output voltage IL
Vs = VL = L T
on
V0 = 48 Volt
Input DC voltage VS
IL = fLC
Vs = 24 volt
Output power VS
P0 = 120 watt LC = fI
L
 By putting all value Iph = 8.63 Amp
1 But line to line current, I L-L =
 24 3  8.63
2  24  106 H
LC = 3 = 14.95 Amp
50  10  10
52. A three-phase 50 Hz, 400 kV transmission line
LC  24H
is 300 km long. The line inductance is 1 mH/

Hence, value of the boost inductor is 24H
51. A delta-connected, 3.7 kW, 400 V (line), l three-
R
km per phase and the capacitance is
0.01 F km per phase. The line is under open
circuit condition at the receiving end and ener-
gized with 400 kV at the sending end, the re-

TE
phase, 4-pole, 50-Hz squirrel-cage induction ceiving end line voltage in kV (roundoff to two
motor has the following equivalent circuit pa- decimal places) will be _____.
rameters per phase referred to the stator:
Ans. (418.59)
R1  5.39  , R2  5.72  , X1  X2  8.22  .
Neglect shunt branch in the equivalent circuit. Sol. Given,
The starting line current in amperes (round off
AS
3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 kV, 300 km long line
to two decimal places) when it is a connected to
a 100V (line), 10 Hz, three-phase AC source is L = 1 mH/Km per phase
______.
C = 0.01 F / Km per phase
Ans. (14.95)
Sol. A delta connected 3.1 KW, 400 V Hence, Z = jL = j(2  50  103  300)
M

For 50 Hz, 400V (line); given parameters are:

= j(30 )
R1  5.39  , R2  5.72  , X1  X2  8.22 
R1 R2 jx1 jx2 and Y = jC

= j(2  50  0.01  10 6  300)

S

V
= j(3  104 ) s
IE

Approximate ABCD parameters,

At starting V = 100V, f = 10 Hz
So, X1 and X2 changes due to frequency YZ  YZ 
A = D 1  , B  Z 1 
change 2  6 

 10   YZ 
X1new = X2new     8.22  C = Y 1  6 
 50   
X1 new = X2 new = 1.644   Vs = AVr + BIr
Vph for open circuit, Ir = 0
So, Iph =
Z
Vs
100  Vr0 =
Iph =  A
5.39  5.72   j 1.644  1.644 
100 400 400
Iph =  Vr0 = YZ =
11.11  j3.288  (j 30)(j3  10 4 )
1 1
2 2
 400
=
1  0.044
400
=  418.59 kV
0.956
53. In a 132 kV system, the series inductance up to
the point of circuit breaker location is 50 mH.
The shunt capacitance at the circuit breaker
terminal is 0.05 F . The critical value of the
If = Field current
Vdc 220
If = R  220  1 
sh
Case 1 : At No-load
IL = 3A, If = 1A
Ia0 = IL  If  2A
b0 = back emf at No-load

R
= Vdc  Ia0  ra
resistance in ohms required to be connected
across the circuit breaker contacts which will b0 = 220   2  0.5   219 V
give no transistor oscillation is _____. Case 2 : At Full-load
Ans. (500)
Sol: Given data,

L = 50mH, C = 0.05F
now, the critical resistance to avoid current
TE IL = 25A, If = 1A, Nf = 1500 rpm
Iaf = 25 – 1 = 24 A
bf = Vdc  Iaf ra  220  24  0.5 
bf = 208 V
AS
chopping or transient oscillations will be As we know, b  N  N
given as,
[  is constant, as V is constant]
1 N0 b0
R = L/C So, = 
2 Nf bf

1 50  103 219
M

R = N0 = No load speed = 1500 

2 0.05  10 6 208
N0 = 1579.33 rpm
= 500
55. Consider a state-variable model of a system
54. A 220 V DC shunt motor takes 3 A at no-load.
S

It draws 25 A when running at full-load at 1500  x1   0 1  0 

   r
rpm. The armature and shunt resistances are x
 2    2    
0.5  and 220  , respectively. The no-load
x 
IE

speeding rpm (round off to two decimal places) y  1 0  1 

is _____. x2 
where y is the output, and r is the input. The
Ans. (1579.33) damping ratio  and the undamped natural fre-
Sol. DC shunt motor quency n (rad/sec) of the system are given by
Vdc = 220 V, Ra  0.5  , Rsh  220  (a)   ; n  
If IL

Ia (b)  ; n  

Rsh RA 220 V 
(c)  ; n  


(d)    ; n 

Ans. (c) 1 s  2 1 
 [SI – A]–1 = 2  
Sol. (s  2 s   )   s

Given data, Now,

1
 x 1  C SI  A   B
0 1  x1  0 
  =      r
 x 2    2  x 2   

R
1 s  2 1  0 
= 1 0  2   
(s  2 s   )   s 
x1 
y = 1 0 x  

TE
 2 =
s2  2s  
Comparing these state equation with Hence, characteristics equation is,

x = Ax + Bu s2  2s   = 0
y = Cx + Du
AS
Comparing the characteristics equation with
One gets,
s2  2n s  2n = 0
0 1  0 
A =   , B  One gets,
  2  
n =  , 2n  2
M

C = [1 0] , D = 0
Now transfer function is given as, 
  =

T.F = C[SI – A]–1 B + D

 s 1 
S

 [SI – A] =  
  s  2 
IE