Avocado

(pasea Americana)

As a substitute
of
Butter in cake
AN INVESTIGATORY PROJECT BY;
Christine Joyce Elumba
John Bernard Tavermin
Pauline Grace Garces
Roselyn Cabalteja
 CHAPTER 1
The avocado is a rather unique type of fruit. Most fruit consists primarily of carbohydrate, while

avocado is high in healthy fats. Numerous studies show that it has powerful beneficial effects on health.

What we refer to as “avocado” is the fruit of the avocado tree, called Persea americana. This fruit is

prized for its high nutrient value and is added to all sorts of dishes due to its good flavor and rich

texture. It is the main ingredient in guacamole. These days, the avocado has become an incredibly

popular food among health conscious individuals. It is often referred to as a superfood… which is not

surprising given its health properties. There are many kinds of avocados, and the shape (from pear-

shaped to round) and color (from green to black) can vary between them. They can also weigh

anywhere from 8 ounces (220 grams) to 3 pounds (1.4 kg). The most popular type is called Hass

avocado.

It is often called “alligator pear,” which is very descriptive because it tends to be shaped like a pear and

have green, bumpy skin… like an alligator. The yellow-green flesh inside the fruit is eaten, but the skin

and seed are discarded. Avocados are very nutritious and contain a wide variety of nutrients, including

20 different vitamins and minerals. Avocados do not contain any cholesterol or sodium, and are low

in saturated fat. I personally don’t think that matters, but this is one of the reasons they are favored by

many “old school” experts who still believe these things are inherently harmful. Avocados contains more

potassium that bananas. Potassium is a nutrient that most people aren’t getting enough of. This nutrient

helps maintain electrical gradients in the body’s cells and serves various important functions. Avocados

are actually very high in potassium… with a 100 gram (3.5 ounce) serving containing 14% of the RDA,

compared to 10% in bananas, which are a typical high potassium food. Several studies show that having

a high potassium intake is linked to reduced blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes

and kidney failure . Avocado is a high fat food. In fact, 77% of the calories in it are
from fat, making it one of the fattiest plant foods in existence. But they don’t just contain

any fat… the majority of the fat in avocado is oleic acid. This is a monounsaturated fatty

acid that is also the major component in olive oil and believed to be responsible for

some of its beneficial effects. Oleic acid has been linked to reduced inflammation and

been shown to have beneficial effects on genes linked to cancer. The fats in avocado

are also pretty resistant to heat-induced oxidation, making avocado oil a healthy and

safe choice for cooking.

Avocados can be used as a substitute for butter or oil in your favorite baked good

recipes like cookies, cakes or muffin recipes to help make them work within a vegetarian or

vegan diet. Though the result may vary slightly by recipe you can assume a one-to-one

substitution of avocado for butter, however when substituting avocado for oil it may be

necessary to add another liquid to balance the recipe and "thin out" thicker batters or mixes .

A lot of us is having a hard time in maintaining our weights, we need our body to be healthy

as possible. A lot of us specially girls has been wanting a cake that is nutritious and healthier. Cake

like these are pretty hard to find and a little bit expensive. Also we aren’t 100% sure that this was

healthy as it says.

This study is purposely made for those people out there who loves cake but into diet. This

study helps everyone to make a start in a healthy lifestyle specially in choosing the right foods. It

helps everyone to have a full knowledge about the benefits of substituting specific ingredients.

By substituting avocado for some but not all of your butter in baking you can cut the cut fat

by almost 40% although we’re not big n watching such things, we are big on substitutions

that we always have in the house and these days we have green globes around more than butter!
you can substitute butter in a 1:1 ratio, but since it doesn’t melt the same way it won’t coat your dry

ingredients the same. You need to increase your wet ingredients a little to compensate. In my

kitchen, I just substitute avocados for half of the butter instead. To do this, scoop out avocado, mash

it in a small bowl and press it into a measuring cup. Combine with your softened butter and you’re all

set.

According to http://www.thekitchn.com. Once you start baking with avocado, you may never go back

to butter. Full of omega-3s and vitamin E, avocados taste perfect when thinly sliced on salad.

Yet another way you can incorporate the ever-versatile avocado into your culinary life: as a

substitute for butter. When baking substitute half the amount of butter in your recipe for mashed

avocado. If you substitute the whole amount, you’ll end up with flatter results. To help you figure out

how much you’ll need, it helps to know that one avocado yieldsabout three-quarters of a cup.

Substituting butter with avocado not only lowers the calorie content – half a cup of butter is 813

calories, and the same amount of mashed avocado is 184- but it also yields a softer, moister baked

good. While this fruit is high in fat, avocados contain heart healthy monosaturated fat, which can

actually lower LDL (bad) cholesterol and maintain HDL (good) cholesterol and help decrease belly

fat.

The foods you choose to eat can have a direct impact on your ability to enjoy life to its fullest.

Perhaps the most obvious positive effect of food is the pleasurable feeling you get from eating a good-

tasting meal. It might be a plate of grilled chicken, corn-on-the-cob, fresh vine-ripened tomatoes, and a

baked potato, or a steaming dish of spaghetti topped with a zesty tomato sauce or yummy flavored

cake!

When you’re trying to cut calories, it seems like dessert is always the first thing to go.

While it may be a bad idea to cozy up to a bag of cookies after a hard day at the office, enjoying a sweet,

healthy treat now and then is no crime. If you are into diet or you are trying to have a healthy body you
must be aware of what you are eating. What ingredients have included? What nutrition will I get? Will

it’ll be good for me? Your food choices each day affect your health — how you feel today, tomorrow,

and in the future. Good nutrition is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. Combined with

physical activity, your diet can help you to reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce your risk of

chronic diseases (like heart disease and cancer), and promote your overall health.

A lot of us is wishing to eat without getting fat. To those people who are into diet must

probably know the solution for this. However, for all girls out there who are into occasions must also

trying really hard not to eat cakes. We’ve always wanted a cake and that’s true! Who can resist the

gorgeous appearance of it? The tenderness, those aromas and etc. Cake is very appealing. We’ve

wanted everyone to feel worried less while eating cake. Through of this experimental research.

The avocado is a rather unique type of fruit. Most fruit consist primarily of carbohydrate,

while avocado is high in healthy fats. Numerous studies show that it as powerful effects on

health. An avocado often takes some time to ripen and it should feel slightly soft when ripe. The

nutrients in avocado can oxide soon after fleshing it, but if you add lemon juice then that

shouldn’t happen as quickly. Avocado are weight loss friendly, heart healthy and… last but not

least, taste incredible.

Here are some of the most abundant nutrients, in a single 3.5 ounce 9100 gram) serving (3):

Vitamin k: 26% of the RDA

Folate: 20 % of the RDA

Vitamin c: 17% of the RDA

Potassium: 14% of the RDA

Vitamin B5: 14% of the RDA

Vitamin B6: 13% of the RDA

Vitamin E: 10% of the RDA

Then it contains small amounts of magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, zinc,
phosphorous, vitamin a, B1 (thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin) and B3 (niacin).

This is coming with 160 calories, 2 grams of protein and 15 grams of healthy fats. Although it

contains grams of carbs, 7 of those are fiber so there are only 2 “net” carbs, making this a low-

carb friendly plant food. Avocados do not contain any cholesterol or sodium. Avocados contain

more potassium that bananas. Potassium is an important mineral the most people don’t get

enough of. Avocados are very high in potassium, which should support healthy blood pressure

levels. Avocado is loaded with heart-healthy monounsaturated fatty acids. Avocados and

avocado oil are high in monounsaturated oleic acid, a “heart healthy” fatty acid that is believed

to be one of the main reasons for the health benefits of olive oil. Avocados are loaded with fiber.

Avocados tend to be high in fiber, about 7% by weight, which is very high compared to most

other foods. Fiber can have various important benefits for weight loss and metabolic health.

Eating avocados can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Heart disease is the most

common cause of death in the world it is known that several blood markers are linked to an

increased risk. This includes cholesterol, triglycerides, inflammatory markers, blood pressure

and various others. The effects of avocado on some of these risk factors has been studied in 8

human controlled trials. Numerous studies have shown that eating avocado can improve heart

disease risk factors like total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, as well as blood triglycerides. People

who eat vegetable tend to be healthier. One dietary survey found that people who ate avocados

had a much higher nutrient intake and had a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The fat in them

can help you absorb nutrients from plant foods. Studies have shown that eating avocado or

avocado oil with veggies can dramatically increase the amount of antioxidants you take in.

Avocados are loaded with powerful antioxidants that can protect the eyes. Avocados are high in

antioxidants, including Lutein and Zeaxanthin. These nutrients are very important for eye health

and lower the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts. Avocado may help prevent cancer.

Some studies in isolated cells have shown that nutrients in avocados may have benefits in

preventing prostate cancer, and lowering side effects of chemotherapy in some cells. Avocado
extract may help relieve symptoms of arthritis. Studies have shown that an extract from

avocado and soybean oils can significantly reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis. Eating avocado

may help you lose weight. Avocado is delicious and easy to incorporate in the diet.

Taste

Avocado tastes of delicate uncooked vegetable sweetness comparable to that of zucchini but

without its slight starchiness. It carries the natural saltiness of celery and bears a non-acidic

citric fruit one. Its aftertaste is a subtle acrid yet pleasant woody and copper-like flavour (think

almond skins) that sits at the back of the tongue.

Texture

Texture and mouthfeel are such major components in the flavour of avocado’s, it took a titanic

effort to consciously ignore them but it was a great exercise in tasting , so kudos to the asker.

Color

They ripen or “soften” after they have been harvested. Hass avocados are unique from some of

the other varieties of avocados because they can change from a dark-green color to a deep

purplish almost black hue when ripe although skin color can help in the initial visual selection of

hass avocados it is not always the best indicator for ripeness. Ripness is ultimately determined

by pressure, color can sometimes be misleading as avocado “softening” can occur at a varying

rate, independent of the color.

The avocado tree is an evergreen tree that attains heights of 40 to 80 feet and has many

branches. The leaves are elliptic or oval in shape and 3 to 10 inches long. Flowers are small,
greenish, and perfect (has both male and female parts). The avocado fruit may be round, pear

shaped, or oblong, and the skin of the fruit may vary in texture and color.the skin may be

liable to woody, smooth to rough, and green-yellow, reddish-purple, purple, or black in color

The flesh of the fruit is greenish yellow to bright yellow when ripe and buttery in consistency

but inferior varieties may be fibrous. The avocado fruit has one large seed which make up to

10 -25 % of the fruit weight. The fruit of different avocado varieties may vary in moisture and oil

content, from less than 5% oil to more than 30% oil. Avocado fruits range from 0.25 lb to more

than 3 lb in weight. Pollination is usually done by honeybees and other insects there are two

avocado flowering types, a and b. Each flower opens twice, functionally female (pollen

receptive) at the first opening and functionally male (pollen shedding) at the second opening,

type A opens first in the morning, closes at midday, and reopens the following morning. The

presence of both types of trees is important in orchards to improve production by adequate

pollination.

This investigatory research is conducted in Narvacan National Central High school during the

school year 2017-2018

 CHAPTER II
Methodology

A. Equipment and materials

 INGREDIENTS
CAKE

 1 cup sugar

 2 cups all purpose flour

 1.5 tsp. Baking powder

 1 cup ripe avocado (about 1 ½ avocados)

 4 Eggs

ICING

 1 Tbsp. lemon juice

 1 cup icing sugar

 Few pistachios to garnish (you can use other nuts too)

B. Procedure
CAKE

1. Preheat oven to 170 Celsius ( 338 F) and grease a loaf tin.

2. Beat eggs and sugar together with an electric beater until light, fluffy and
doubled in volume for about five minutes.

3. Take another bowl and mash avocado well so that it is smooth and silky.

4. Sift the flour and baking powder and together with the mashed avocado in the
sugar egg mixture. Fold gently, scraping down the sides of the bowl to mix
thoroughly.

5. Pour into the loaf tin, even out the surface and bake in the oven for about 40-45
minutes. Insert a skewer/knife into the center and if it comes out clean, then the
cake is done.

6. Allow to cool completely before taking out of the loaf tin pour icing when it
completely cool.

ICING

1. Mix together the icing sugar and lemon juice until you have a firm but smooth
icing
2. Use a knife to smear into the top of the cake and sprinkle over crushed
pistachios.
 Collection of Materials

(Avocado, flour, egg,

sugar, baking powder)

Preparation of
Materials

Doing Mise en
Place technique

Preparation of
treatment
(1 cup sugar, 2 cups all
purpose flour, 1.5 tsp.
Baking powder, 1 cup
ripe avocado , 4 Eggs)

Testing of
Properties
(Appearance and
Taste)

Evaluating the
Results
Treatment Amount of Amount of Amount Amount of Amount of

sugar flour of avocado baking egg

powder

1 1 cup 2 cup ¼ cups 1.5 tsp. 4 pieces

2 1 cup 2 cup ½ cups 1.5 tsp. 4 pieces

3 1 cup 2 cup 1 cups 1.5 tsp. 4 pieces

DATA GATHERING

The setting of this research will be at Narvacan National High School. A total of fifty (50)

respondents will be randomly selected to taste the prepared cake with an avocado as a substitute

for butter.. Five students from each strands (GAS, HUMMS, STEM, ABM, ICT/IA, AFA, HE )

and five (5) also from the teachers. Comments, reactions and feedbacks about the product will be

gathered.

The Likert scale was used in responses. They scored based on the equivalent grade presented in

the following table:

Rate the product according to the following score below;

Rate Appearance Taste

1 Poorly Accepted Poorly Accepted

2 Slightly Accepted Slightly Accepted

3 Moderately Accepted Moderately Accepted

4 Highly Accepted Highly Accepted

EQUIVALENT SCORES FOR EVALUATING THE CAKE

A. Appearance Test
Strand:___________
Directions: Please put a check (/) o the corresponding box for your rating.

Treatments Very Highly Highly Moderately Slightly Poorly

Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

T1

(1/4 Cup of

avocado)

T2

(1/2 Cup of

avocado)

T3

(1 Cup of

avocado)
 B.Taste Test

Strand:________________

Directions: Please put a check (/) o the corresponding box for your rating.

Treatments Very Highly Highly Moderately Slightly Poorly

Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted

(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

T1

(1/4 Cup)

T2

(1/2 Cup)

T3

(1 Cup)