HEART

1. Aorta - largest artery in the body, it receives blood from the heart
that has been oxygenated in the lungs, and delivers this blood to the
body and brain.
2. Aortic Valve - heart valve that regulates the one-way flow of blood
from the left ventricle to the aorta.
3. Arteries - the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from
the heart and lungs.
4. Atria - two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood returning
from the body.
5. Mitral valve - the only bi-leaflet valve in the heart, it regulates the
flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
6. Myocardium - fibrous muscle tissue of the heart.
7. Palpitations - rapid or irregular heartbeat.
8. Pericardial Tissue - tough, protective sac surrounding the heart.
9. Pulmonary Valve - valve that regulates the flow of blood from the
pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
10. Tricuspid Valve - heart valve that regulates the flow of blood from
the right ventricle to the right atrium.
11. Valve Leaflets - Flaps of tissue that open and close to help regulate
the flow of blood in one direction through the valve.
12. Veins - blood vessels that return de-oxygenated blood to the heart
and lungs.
13. Ventricles - large, lower blood-pumping chambers of the heart.
14. Epicardium - outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another
name for the visceral layer of the pericardium.
15. Endocardium - simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the
inside of the heart.
16. Blood Pressure - force or pressure exerted by the heart when
pumping blood; the pressure of blood in the arteries.
17. Capillaries - tiny blood vessels between arteries and veins that
distribute oxygen-rich blood to the body.
18. Circulatory System - pertaining to the heart and blood vessels, and
the circulation of blood.
19. Coronary Arteries - two arteries that come from the aorta to provide
blood to the heart muscle.
20. Jugular Veins - veins that carry blood from the head back to the
heart.
VOLCANO
1. Active Volcano - an erupting volcano, or volcano likely to erupt.
2. Ashfall - volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an eruption
cloud. A deposit so formed is usually well sorted and layered.
3. Caldera - a basin-shaped volcanic depression; by definition, at least a
mile in diameter.
4. Central Vent - an opening at the Earth's surface of a volcanic conduit
of cylindrical or pipelike form.
5. Crater - a steep-sided, usually circular depression formed by either
explosion or collapse at a volcanic vent.
6. Dacite - volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color
and contains 62 to 69 percent silica and moderate a mounts of sodium
and potassium.
7. Ejecta - material that is thrown out by a volcano, including pyroclastic
material (tephra) and, from some volcanoes, lava bombs.
8. Eruption - process by which solid, liquid, and gaseous materials are
ejected into the earth's atmosphere and onto the earth's surface by
volcanic activity.
9. Extinct Volcano - a volcano that is not presently erupting and is not
likely to do so for a very long time in the future.
10. Hot Spot - a volcanic center, 60 to 120 miles (100 to 200 km) across
and persistent for at least a few tens of million of years, that is thought to
be the surface expression of a persistent rising plume of hot mantle
material.
11. Hyaloclastite - a deposit formed by the flowing or intrusion of lava
or magma into water, ice, or water-saturated sediment, and its
consequent granulation or shattering into small angular fragments.
12. Lahar - a torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the
slope of a volcano in response to gravity. A type of mudflow.
13. Lava - magma which has reached the surface through a volcanic
eruption.
14. Magma - molten rock beneath the surface of the earth.
15. Pyroclastic - pertaining to fragmented (clastic) rock material formed
by a volcanic explosion or ejection from a volcanic vent.
16. Repose - interval of time between volcanic eruptions.
17. Ring of Fire - regions of mountain-building earthquakes and
volcanoes which surround the Pacific Ocean.
18. Vent - opening at the earth's surface through which volcanic materials
issue forth.
19. Vesicle - small air pocket or cavity formed in volcanic rock during
solidification.
20. Dormant Volcano - a volcano that is "sleeping," or presently
inactive, but may erupt again.
PERIODIC TABLE
1. Actinides - comprise elements 89 through 103. They, along with the
actinides, are often called the f-elements because they have valence
electrons in the f shell.
2. Alkali Metals - make up the first column (group) of the periodic table,
and comprise Li through Fr.
3. Alkaline Earth Metals - make up the second column (group) of the
periodic table, from Be through Ra.
4. Atomic Number - the number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
5. Atomic Orbital - regions of space around the nucleus of an atom
where an electron is most likely to be found.
6. Atomic Radius - total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost
electron orbital.
7. Atomic Weight - average mass of an atom of an element.
8. Chemical Symbol - a notation of one or two letters representing a
chemical element.
9. Conductor - a material that conducts heat or electricity, which means
electrons can easily flow through the object.
10. Diatomic - a complex consisting of two atoms.
11. The D-block - the section of elements on the periodic table in groups
3 – 12.
12. Electron Affinity - the amount of energy absorbed when an electron
is added to an atom.
13. Electronegativity - a measure of the attraction an atom has for
electrons.
14. Element - a substance composed of atoms with identical atomic
number.
15. Exothermic - term used to describe a reaction that releases heat.
16. F-block - the section of elements below the main section of the
periodic table consisting of the lanthanide and actinide elements.
17. Family - is also called a group. It is a column of elements in the
periodic table that all have similar properties.
18. Flame Test - a test for detecting the presence of certain metals by
determining the color they emit when put in a flame.
19. Group - is also called a family. It is a column of elements in the
periodic table that all have similar properties.
20. Halogens - are a subset of the nonmetals. They comprise group 17
of the periodic table, from F through At.
KINEMATICS
1. Displacement - a vector quantity that denotes distance with a
directional component.
2. Frame of Reference - a coordinate system or set of axes within which
to measure the position, orientation, and other properties of objects in it.
3. Vector - any quantity that has magnitude and direction.
4. Scalar - any quantity that has magnitude but no direction.
5. Speed - rate of change of position with no respect to direction.
6. Velocity - rate of change of position of a body in a given direction.
7. Acceleration - rate of change of velocity.
8. Uniform Motion - the change in distance is the same for every second;
in other words the speed is constant.
9. Position - point in space that an object occupies.
10. Angular Acceleration Vector - rate of change of angular velocity.
11. Dynamics - an understanding focuses why objects move the way
they do.
12. Reference Frame - coordinate system with respect to which motion is
being described.
13. Average Velocity - time-average of the velocity function over a
specified time-interval.
14. Instantaneous Velocity - The value of the velocity function at a
particular instant in time.
15. Vector-valued Function – a function that outputs vectors. This means
that while the domain of the function may consist of scalars, the values in
the range are all vectors.
16. Position Function - a position function can be either scalar-valued
(for motion in one dimension) or vector-valued (for motion in two or three
dimensions). 17. Velocity Function - a function that is the time-derivative
of the position function, and gives the velocity of an object at each point
in time.
18. Acceleration Function - a function that is the time-derivative of the
velocity function, and the second time-derivative of the position function.
19. Time-derivative - a new function whose value at each point
represents the rate of change of the original function with respect to time.
20. Simple Harmonic Motion – a periodic motion that can be described
by special types of position functions. Examples of simple harmonic
motion include an object moving in a circle and a ball bouncing up and
down on a spring.