Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2012-2016 OF

BATUR UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK, BALI, INDONESIA

1. Synopsis of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark (BUGG)

Batur Aspiring Geopark accepted as a member of Global Geopark Network

(GGN) supported by UNESCO on September 20, 2012 at Portugal (Auroca
Global Geopark), with the name Batur Global Geopark (Fig. 1). On November
18, 2015, then officially renamed to be “Batur UNESCO Global Geopark Batur”
(BUGG; Fig. 2).

Fig. 1. Batur Global Geopark sertificate

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 Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Fig. 2. Batur UNESCO Global Geopark

Located in northern part of Bali, Indonesia (Fig. 3), Batur active volcano with its
double-calderas has a very beautiful landscape phenomenon. In the past, tens
of thousands years ago, a huge strato-type volcano grew as high as about
3,000 m asl.

Fig. 3. Location of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

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The construction phase is then followed by a destructive phase, in the form of a

great explosion (catastrophe) which produced the first caldera (called “outer-
caldera”) about 29,300 years ago. Pyroclastic flows accompanying the eruption
that having a temperature of 600-800 Celsius degrees reach Denpassar town
which is located about 90 km south of Batur.

The next construction phase creating a second Batur volcano and several
cones that grew in the bottom of caldera depression. One of them is Mt. Abang
(2,172 m), which located on southeast edge of outer-caldera rim.

Approximately 20,150 years ago Batur volcano erupted again, resulting

ignimbrites in considerable amounts. Eruption that destroyed volcanic cone
produced the second caldera (“inner-caldera”).

Constructive phase afterwards, around 5,500 years ago, produced a recent

Batur strato-volcano with several active craters around the summit, cinder cone
in the middle slope, and maar on the lower slopes. Crescent-shaped depression
on caldera base at southeast of Batur cone then subsequently filled by
rainwater, forming Batur Lake. This caldera lake has a length of 7 km, width 1.5
km, maximum depth of 100 m, and located at an altitude of 1,031 m asl.

A written papers about eruptions of Batur was reported in 1804. Generally, 1-5
years eruption period is strombolian-type. From three craters of Batur and
fissures in slope of volcano (flank eruption) issued lava flows in significant
amount. Lava flows during August 2 and September 21, 1926 hit Batur Village
at the base of caldera. About 2,000 people fled to safety, to the high altitude of
outer-caldera wall. After a quiet period between the years 1926-1963, lava flow
in considerable amounts generated from Crater-III and covered the southwest
slopes of Batur. Lava flows are also destroyed and covered most of older cinder
cones and maar. Lavas is mostly basaltic, and containing 51-53 percent of
silica.

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Landscape of double-calderas, active volcanic cones, lake, lava flows, cinder

cones and maar is a unified volcanic morphology that became a history of the
dynamics of volcanism phenomenon over tens of thousands years ago to
present time. Batur active volcano has a unique phenomenon, viz. "caldera in
caldera" that is rarely found elsewhere (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Panoramic view of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

As a tool to develop area in a sustainable manner, the UNESCO Global

Geopark Batur mix and match among components of geology, biology and
culture for the purpose of conservation, education, growth of local economic
value and sustainable development. An area of 366.5 kilometer square is
inhabited by about 16 625 people, spread over 15 traditional villages (Fig. 5).

Twenty one geological heritage sites (geosite) accommodated in BUGG, both

geological sites (rocks, stratigraphy) and geomorphological sites (caldera-walls,
craters, lake, cinder cones, maar, volcanic-landslide: Fig. 6). When the weather
is good, everything can be seen clearly from Panelokan view-point located at an
elevation of outer-caldera wall. To be more effective, geosites will be grouped
according to applicable terminology, that is after the first revalidation completed
on 2016.

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Fig. 5. Map of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

Fig. 6. Twenty one geosites within the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

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Sites of biology (bio-sites) and culture (cultural-sites) dispersed in BUGG,

especially in areas of Payang Hill and Batur Lake Natural Park and in Subak
Cultural Landscape which in July 2012 has been designated by UNESCO into
Cultural World Heritage site.

The relationship between geo-sites, bio-sites and cultural-sites are very closely
when the Bali Hindu people (including community in BUGG) uphold their
principles of life "Tri Hita Karana." Basically, this principle is to respect nature
and environment that has been conferred by God, by applying the "three human
relations" which is between man and God, man and nature, and man to man.

Development of Batur Geopark since become a National Geopark in 2010, then

assigned as Global Geopark in 2012, until now has experienced significant
improvement. Advancements can be seen from the growing of local economy
value via tourism, as well as education through “Geopark to School” and
“School to Geopark” programs, and conservation aspects.

Regarding education in Geopark, the Regent of Bangli ordered the integration

of Geopark concept within schools curriculum in Bangli Regency (Regent
Decree No. 19/2013). In fact, education is not only for students but also involves
the local community who live near geosites.

BUGG activities carried out by Management, consisting of 7 persons (as

coordinator) and established through a Decree of Bangli Regent. The Regent
acts as the person in charge, while manager of Geopark accountable to the
Coordination Committee which is chaired by Secretary of Bangli Regency.

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2. Contribution Towards the Work of Network

During period of 2012-2015, BUGG Manager is always present at the GGN

conference, both held in Europe and in Asia-Pacific. As an active participant in
the conference, Geopark Manager explained papers at the presentation
session. Various kinds of constraints encountered by BUGG discussed with the
conference participants, so that BUGG Manager gained input and advice from
other Global Geopark Managers who are members of GGN. Input and new
ideas gained is form the basis for BUGG Manager for planning improvements in
all aspects (conservation, education, tourism, sustainable development). BUGG
Manager was greatly helped by the activities carried out by GGN.

During conference activities undertaken by the network running, the BUGG

Manager also conduct assessments of the possibility of cooperation with other
members of the Global Geopark in the form of "Sister Geopark". BUGG had a
wish to cooperate with Global Geoparks of Toya-Uzu (Japan), Jeju (Korea), as
well as Langkawi (Malaysia) and also Global Geoparks in Europe. Relationship
creation among GGN members will immediately be done by BUGG.

In 2013, Prof. Tatsuya Nakada visit to BUGG in order to explore the possibility
of "Sister Geopark" establishment between Global Geoparks in Japan (which
also was pioneered in cooperation with members of GGN) and BUGG.

Relating to BUGG’s participation in common activities within the network, in

2012 ever done "Geopark Clinic" for National Geoparks and aspiring National
Geoparks in Indonesia. Present as guest lectures at this event were Prof.
Patrick McKeever, Prof. Guy Martini, Prof. Ibrahim Komoo, and Prof. Shafeea
Leman. As a note, series of Geopark Clinic organized by the Indonesian
National Committee for Geopark until 2015 always attended by the BUGG
Manager.

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Still in the implementation of Geopark Clinic program in Indonesia, on

November 17-19, 2015 Batur Geopark Management in cooperation with
Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources invited the
coordinator of Asia-Pacific Geoparks NetworkProf. Ibrahim Komooto
simulate a revalidation (revalidation mock). The purpose of this simulation is to
assess the readiness of Batur Geopark facing its first revalidation in 2016.

And accordance with obligations as outlined by the GGN, BUGG Manager since
2013 always pays an annual fee of 1000 USD/year. Contribution in 2015 (1000
Euro), although was slightly delayed due to financial administration problems,
has already payed on December 20, 2015.

3. Management Structure and Financial Status

3.1. Management structure

BUGG Manager is determined based on a decree issued by the Regent of

Bangli. As a National Geopark its activity carried out by 43 personnels (Decree
of Bangli Regent number 660/124/2011 dated July 27, 2011 on the
establishment of the Batur Geopark management; Appendix 1).

Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/124/2011

According to this decision, the manager of Batur Geopark consists of Regent
(person in charge), Advisory Board, and Technical Committee (Coordinating
Committee, Scientific Committee, Development Committee, Promotion
Committee, Conservation Committee). Number of Geopark management is
43 person.

Before assigned as Global Geopark in 2012 occurred personnel replacement,

included the involving of 12 traditional villages represented by the village heads

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(Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/200/2012 on September 4, 2012

concerning the second amendment of Bangli Regent Decision number
660/124/2011 on the establishment of the Batur Geopark management;
Appendix 2).

Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/200/2012

Based on the Regent's decision, the manager of Batur Geopark refreshed to
include elements of activities supporting who consisting of 12 heads of
villages, either administrative or traditional. Number of Geopark management
is 44 persons.

Personnel replacement is more technical, which refers to the capability. Duties

and functions of the governing body of Batur Global Geopark is:

1. Regent, on behalf of the regency government of Bangli acting as the initiator

2. Advisory Board has task to help and advise with regard to the overall
development of Geopark
3. Coordination Committee has task of and responsible for coordinating all
activities in Geopark area
4. Scientific Committees has duty and responsible for coordinating all scientific
activities in area of Geopark
5. Development Committee has task of and responsible for the Geopark
development in the future
6. Promotion Committee has task of promoting Geopark at local, regional,
national and international levels
7. Conservation Committee has task of and responsible in the field of
conservation and preservation of natural resources within the Geopark area

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All expenses arising from the implementation of this decision charged to the
budget revenue and expenditure of the Bangli Regency.

Permanent geoscientist was appointed in 2013, and no change until now (2015:
Decree of Bangli Regent number …………, Appendix 3).

Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number …………,

Ministry of Tourism, via Destination Management Organization (DMO) program

formed a Local Working Group (LWG) in five regions in BUGG area (called
clusters of: Abang-Erawang, Manuk Jambe Tarumenyan, Muncar Ulun Danu,
Batur Kalang Anyar, Singa Mandawa). By Regent of Bangli the five LWGs then
functionalized as janitor and guard for geosites (Regent Decree No. 430.05/38/
2015. The geosite janitors can be categorized as "Ranger by Contract," and
contract is renewed every a year.

Permanent Ranger also carried out independently by the Forest Service in area
of Payang Hill and Batur Lake Natural Tourism Park (PHBLNTP), where this
area also includes most of BUGG region. By the Bangli Regent, they were also
asked to keep geosites located in PHBLNTP. Heads of 12 traditional villages
are also prepared as Permanent Geopark Ranger.

Revitalization of the rangers, in cooperation with local police and military,

needed to secure geosites (primarily geological heritage sites of lava flows) of
rocks-quarrying activities conducted by individuals or groups of people. These
activities are illegal.

3.2. Financial status

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Relating to the financial status since Batur designated as a Global Geopark

(2012) continues to increase. BUGG income earned through tourism activities
(entry fees to BUGG area) that is multiplayer effect. In 2013 BUGG income 12%
over the previous year (2012). The increase in 2014 was at 6.09%. For 2015,
calculated between January to November, there is an increase of 8.25%.

The above numbers is only reflect income earned through entry fees to BUGG
area. Income received by managers of service provider such as hotel/
homestay, restaurant and selling of handicrafts (as multiplayer effect of tourism)
are being collected to be compiled.

To increase the BUGG income, the manager of Geopark continues working

through innovation for diversity of geoproducts (wooden and bamboo crafts,
painting; includes building a partnerships with community group of coffee and
oranges agrotourism as well as increased and additional Geopark
infrastructures. For infrastructures development, there is cooperation between
BUGG Manager and Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources, in the form of utilization of Batur Geopark Museum as an
information center as well as an Geopark objects and attractions).

3.3. Resume management structure dan financial status

1. There is BUGG management structure changes from that defined by the

Regent of Bangli in 2011 and then refined in 2012. Legal status of the BUGG
management structure assigned by Regent Decision.

2. BUGG financial status continued to rise, which temporarily still using income
data from entry fees and not yet integrates with another incomes of
hotel/homestay and local crafts services.

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3. There is a policy changes related to illegal rocks-quarrying, simultaneously

with letter issuance to stop quarrying by the Governor of Bali (letter No.
604.1/1526/ESDM-DPU dated January 27, 2014), and followed up by circular
of the Bangli Regent regarding the same thing (letter No. 545/736/SDA dated
July 17, 2014).

4. The establishment of partnerships with community group of Giri Alam

engaged in coffee and oranges agrotourism in order to empower local
community and improvement of financial stability.

5. Development of Kintamani Handicraft Market in order to increase BUGG

income through various geoproducts.

4. Conservation (Geoconservation) Strategy

Pressure on physical (and biophysical) environment in BUGG area that

disturbing conservation/geoconservation is illegal rocks-quarrying issue carried
out by individuals or groups of people. Rocks (lava) excavated from the place
which is defined as conserved geosites.

Request for termination of illegal rocks-quarrying activities through letters from

Governor of Bali and Regent of Bangli in 2014 needs to be implemented in
practice.

Wise strategy to stop this extractive activity is to gradually reduce the quarrying
activities, before eventually stopping at all. Socialization needs to be more
frequent, so illegal rocks-quarrying activities that are likely to have experienced
a reduction from year to year becomes more significant.

Water quality monitoring in Batur Lake held since August 2014 until now.
Monitoring activity includes 4 places around lake, viz. Kedisan Village, Trunyan

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Village, Songan B Village, and small harbour at Kedisan. The used parameters
are physical properties (colour, smell, oil film), temperature, conductivity,
turbidity, TDS, salinity, pH, and metal contains (aluminium, iron, manganese;
including nitrite, ammonia, chlorine, carbonate, sulphate, chloride and
phospate).

5. Strategic Partnership

At local and national levels, BUGG Manager has already made partnership with
various government agencies (geology, tourism, biodiversity/forest
conservation), universities (research), as well as local community groups and
co-operatives in the field of tourism/agrotourism.

Five clusters of Local Working Group, which was initiated by the Ministry of
Tourism located in BUGG area also empowered to be guard agents for
preservation of geosites located around their residence.
Local cooperative formed by community groups have been working with BUGG
Manager in terms of providing boat services to tourist on Batur Lake. Similarly
with Giri Alam community group that specialize in coffee and oranges
agriculture using non-chemical fertilizers. Organic farming activity is cooperated
in the implementation of community-based agrotourism program.

Batur Geopark Museum owned by Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and

Mineral Resources optimized by BUGG Manager to become information center
as well as an objects and tourist attraction of Geopark. As an institution working
in the field of geology, Geological Agency also conducts scientific studies
related to Batur volcanism phenomenon. Results of the study were
subsequently submitted to BUGG Manager and compiled into geodiversity and
geoheritage database.

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Tourism College in Denpasar (Bali) conducts tourism and community studies,

and the resulting research provided to BUGG Managers to sharpen Geopark
programs so the achievement of BUGG goals and targets increasing every
year. Research collaboration also conducted with Bandung Technology Institute
(ITB), especially for water quality monitoring of Batur Lake.

Natural Resources Conservation Agency (NRCA) of Bali, through the Regional

Technical Implementation Unit in Bangli, managing the Natural Tourism Park of
Payang Hill and Batur Lake which is also located in BUGG area. This agency
that structurally under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry has a task to
conserve nature (biodiversity) in an area of 2,075 hectares since 1982.
Cooperation in the field of conservation has been done by the Manager of
BUGG with NRCA.

In 2012, two or three months before Batur assigned as Global Geopark, part of
BUGG area overlays with the northern region of Subak Cultural World Heritage
defined by UNESCO. BUGG Maneger is planning a memorandum of agreement
with the managers of Subak World Heritage formally. And determination
Cultural World Heritage by UNESCO for Subak landscape significantly
strengthened the conservation function of BUGG. And up to now, even without
the MoU, there is no conflict of interest between BUGG and UNESCO World
Heritage.

Cooperation with Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark in terms of

knowledge transfer in the field of Geopark, geological heritage sites, and
education managements has been done 2-3 years ago when Gunung Sewu still
a National Geopark. Cooperation was also constructed with Toba National
Geopark, particularly in terms of geovolcanology.

BUGG Manager is also planning an international partnership, either with

UNESCO Global Geopark in Europe and Asia-Pacific, IUGS, IUCN and other

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strategic partners in order to achieve the goals and objectives of BUGG more
significantly.

6. Marketing and Promotional Activities After the Official Designation

As a Member of the Global Geopark Network

6.1. Activity

In the context of the promotion and marketing after determination as an

UNESCO Global Geopark there is various activities has been conducted.
Introduction to BUGG in the framework of marketing and promotion has been
carried out through participation in conferences (national, international
organized by GGN), national seminar, "National Geopark Clinics" series and so
on, including national cultural events or festivals.

Education and socialization programs in the form of "Geopark to School"

(BUGG Manager disseminates the matters relating to education at schools
within the Geopark area) and "School to Geopark" (students visiting geology/
biology/cultural heritage sites in the area of BUGG in the context of learning
about nature and growth their pride against the wealth of natural resources in
environment where they live) has been running well. BUGG Manager continues
to increase the frequency of these activities annually. Education and
socialisation activities also addressed to local communities.

Marketing and promotion activities are also realized in the form of leaflets and
CDs. BUGG Manager makes innovative promotion and marketing through radio
telecomunication carried out by the Amateur Radio Organization of Republic
Indonesia (ORARI) of Bangli that works at frequency of 14.527 MHz.

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Since 2012, Geopark website (www.baturglobalgeopark.com) has also become

a means of promotion and marketing of BUGG. Another attempt for similar
purposes by the management in 2015 is creation of Hymne and Dance of Batur
Geopark.

6.2. Publications

Even the number of publications has not been sufficient, some published
publications can be used as promotion and marketing materials. Materials
encompasses papers presented at the Conference of GGN, leaflets, guide
books, and movies on CDs. BUGG Manager will continue to increase the
number and variety of topics of publication.

Two papers on GGN Conferences

1. I Wayan KASTAWAN, Akhyaruddin, I Made GIANYAR & Hanang
SAMODRA, September 2013, Local community empowerment for
sustainable geotourism development in the Batur Global Geopark, Bali,
Indonesia. Presented on 3th Asia-Pacific Geoparks Jeju Symposium,
September 9-11, 2013 at Jeju, Republic of Korea; in English language.

2. I Wayan KASTAWAN, Akhyaruddin, I Made GIANYAR & Hanang

SAMODRA, September 2015, Local community empowerment for
sustainable geotourism development in the Batur Global Geopark, Bali,
Indonesia. Presented on 6th International UNESCO Conference on Global
Geoparks, September 19-22, 2014 at Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada;
in English language.

Two books
1. Hanang SAMODRA & Achyaruddin, Agustus 2012, Data Package of Batur
Geopark. Bilingual (Indonesian and English).

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2. Igan S. SUTAWIDJAJA, Oman ABDURAHMAN & Atep KURNIA, 2014, Batur

Global Geopark, Indonesia. Bilingual (Indonesian and English).

DVD
Batur Geopark, film by the Geological Agency for BUGG. Bilingual (Indonesian
and English).

BUGG’s leaflet
Information about geological, biological and cultural heritage sites within the
BUGG area, and still use Indonesian language.

6.3. Infrastructures

Batur Geopark Museum in Kintamani built by the Geological Agency of the

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in 2015. The museum also
functioned as an information center and a BUGG Secretariat Office.
Other Geopark infrastructures are information kiosks, information panels at
each geosite, and geotrail. The most interest geotrail by Geopark visitors is
hiking and walking to the summit of Batur, which is managed by the Batur
Climbing Guides Association (BCGA). Manager of BCGA is local communities
who live around Batur volcano.

6.4. Monitoring

For the evaluation and improvement of quality of interpretation materials and

the growth of public awareness programs, BUGG Manager conducts a study to
Geopark visitors, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data and information
collected is used as an evaluation for further development of BUGG.

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Monitoring activities carried out mainly by BCGA, where nearly 90% of visitors
who climb Batur volcano are satisfied.

7. Sustainable Economic Development

From various aspect of regional economy, development of tourism, resulting

product, and employment, the presence of BUGG gives a positive impact on
local economic development in a sustainable manner. Vegetables and fruits
agricultures such as coffee, oranges, onions, chili, tomatoes and cabbage in
BUGG area gives a positive impact for regional economies. Local people who
became producers sell directly to consumers, and the money earned is used
alone to meet the needs of their daily living. Similarly, the Bali cattle farms.
Meanwhile, tourism in Natural Tourism Park of Payang Hill and Batur Lake is
managed by the Natural Resources Conservation Agency.

Multiplier effect generated by tourism activity in BUGG area is significant.

Restaurant were built in several places in outer-caldera wall height. Visitors can
enjoy some typical local foods and drinks while enjoying the beautiful panorama
of BUGG and its surroundings. Along with the increase of tourist visits to
BUGG, rental services for 4-wheel and 2-wheel vehicles and mountain-bike also
increases.

Diversity of local products such as handicrafts of bamboo woven, wood

sculpture, painting, local foods and drinks of Geopark region is a positive impact
of the development of BUGG.

In terms of employment, construction of BUGG triggering labor demand to work

in restaurant, hotel/homestay, or as a tour guides. Worker are partly permanent,
while others work on a temporary basis.

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8. Challenges Remained and Future Work Plan

With the growing recognition of BUGG by tourists who visiting Bali, where
previously they only know Kintamani as a place to enjoy the panorama of Batur
volcano, then this state an opportunity to prepare a work plan for the future. A
work plan includes:

1. To improve boundary of BUGG area that becomes the responsibility of

management with regard new potential of geology, biology and cultural
heritage sites, which are likely to be a means of local economic growth via
sustainable tourism.

2. Re-grouping and re-delineating the existing geological heritage sites

(geosite) based on aspects of rocks/stratigraphic (geological sites) and
landscapes (gemorphological sites). In geological sites of course there is
evidence to support the geological history during the particular geological
period (geo-evidences) and micro-morphology formed by certain geological
processes (geo-features).

3. To enrich natural/biological (flora, fauna) and cultural (tangible, intangible)

heritage sites, hereinafter designated as bio-site and cultural-sites, as well as
identification their links with geological heritage sites.

4. The efforts mentioned earlier followed up with the creation of new

interpretation panels are installed at each location of geosite/geo-
evidences/geo-features, geomorphological sites, bio-site and cultural-site.

5. Sharpening the education programs in BUGG area through diversification of

dissemination methods to students and local community.

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6. To realize cooperation and partnership programs with other UNESCO Global

Geoparks in order to knowledge-transfer and experience-sharing.

7. To increase conservation efforts by minimize the illegal rocks-quarrying

before this extractive activities can be eliminated.

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