SINGAPORE

- In the year 1991, Singapore established the first DLscience & technology 5-year plan.

- it improved the contribution of research & development infrastructures

- in the plan made by Singapore, R&D has intensive & heavy investment leading to intense research areas

- SG has also established RIEC in 2006, a research institution to underscore the political commitment to
& importance placed on the national R&D agenda

- SG government policy is committed for massive R&D investment in the S&T field

- Singapore 2nd only to Malaysia in numbers of science paper & higher than the rest

- Singapore has also a visible growth in patent from 169 in 2011

- the biomedical sector contributed to innovation improvement in the country

- water research sector tops as world's innovation capacity

- Singapore disregarded primary industry such as agriculture & mining, also labour industry

MALAYSIA

- Malaysian government also had 5-year national plan on S&T industry

- Government focusing on technology development related to palm oil which is the major product of the
country, and information & communication technology (ICT)

- R&D allowance of Malaysia is small & research personnels are few

- they also have a promotional bodies for S&T

- small R&D budget which is a serious problem in development of S&T in this country

- Science research papers of Malaysia surpasses all the ASEAN countries

- scientific research in Malaysia is low

- no technology or product that is typical in Malaysia

- industry is too weak to carry out R&D and obtain patents

- Malaysia promoting biotechnology industry

- collaborative effort for abundant biodiversity and availability of land use

- R&D of agricultural crops, development and manufacturing of medicines, reuse & productization of
biomass wastes biofuel, utilization of land development of S&T

- focusting on development of sustainable eco-growth via S&T

THAILAND

- they have a national policy tackling the ICT, material technology, biotechnology & nanotechnology

- it also has promotion bodies for S&T

- R&D expenditure was lower than Singapore & Malaysia, but higher than Vietnam, Indonesia &
Philippines

- Thailand has a very high percentage of applied research as compared with basic research

- this country is in 3rd place in terms of numbers of papers published, next to Malaysia & Singapore and
higher than the rest of ASEAN country members

- researched gained PhD from nanotech industry in making polymer packaging, sign of country's active
S&T innovation

- the S&T research of Thailand focuses on non-food biofuels

- The Thai government initiate the Medical Robotics

- S&T innovation rapidly progressed

- they are manufacturing industry depends on foreign firms, causing little scientific & technological
research

- large contributor on the field of health and medical care, as well as food safety

VIETNAM

- they have a 10-year plan on R&D on S&T

- S&T role's a driving force for development of modern society

- R&D expenditure is still low

- they also have S&T promotional bodies

- Vietnam has laws concerning the promotion of S&T

- Viet's S&T budget is yearly increasing

- instituted promotional bodies of S&T or R&D

- the S&T industry of this country focuses on vaccine industry

- the country's expenditures was lower than Singapore & Malaysia, same with Indonesia Thailand but
higher than Indonesia & Philippines

- researchers in Vietnam was 105,230

- their number of papers is same with Indonesia & Philippines but smaller than Malaysia, Singapore &
Thailand

- the patents in Vietnam is predominantly by foreigner firms

- in this country, S&T is the key to policy of the government that's why they're promoting it actively

INDONESIA

- they didn't had a specific long term plan

- their R&D was conducted by national research institutes

- Indonesia universities actively participating on research projects

- announced marine research, biodiversity development & biological resources

- they also have promotional bodies in the field of S&T

- Goverent's R&D expenditure is extremely small

- private companies conduct R&D with no cooperation from private sector

- numbers of researchers in Indonesia was 41,143

- scientific research paper of Indonesia is only 4th lower than Malaysia, Singapore & Thailand but higher
than Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, Brunei, Laos & Myanmar

- Indonesia doesn't have any technology or product that may represent them on patent

- that's why there's no patent record

- the government's R&D utilizing diversity in biological resources

- meteorology & geophysics is also Indonesia's contribution to S&T research

- studies on Hazard reduction included

- quite few problem on small budget affecting the S&T and also to unestablished infrastructures

PHILIPPINES

- PH has a long term plan named 'National Science & Technology Plan 2002-2020' - almost a 20-year long
activity

- the R&D field is moderate

- Agricultural & medicine field is active in S&T especially in Universities

- the S&T is all about how to solve poverty & national calamities

- they also had promotion bodies of S&T

- Philippines ranked 5th in R&D, also in number of researchers, slightly lower than Indonesia

- ranked 6th in having a number of science paper

- the patent industry in this country is mainly composed of foreign investors

- S&T of this country also eyes the meat local needs & in utilizing of ICT industry

- the S&T is not only about technology innovation but also tackling the issue on how to reduce the
poverty rate