INTRODUCTION

Pipe seperating, is a mechanized industrial process that removes

material from pipe or tube to create a desired profile. Typical profiles
include straight cuts, and mid section holes. These complex cuts are usually
required to allow a tight fit between two parts. Cutting is performed by
means of a cutting blade and is mounted to the motorized unit of the
machine. The motor is rotated in high speed when the supply is given, so
the cutting blade is also rotated in high speed.

A pipe cutter is a type of tool used by plumbers to cut pipe. There are
two types of pipe cutters. Plastic tubing cutters, which really look much like
a pair of pruning shears, may be used for thinner pipes and tubes, such as
sprinkler pipe. For use on thicker pipes, there is a pipe cutter with a sharp
wheel and adjustable jaw grips. The cylinder which contains the motor
which is activated and the cutting unit start to cut the pipe based on the
humans requirements. It is a portable machine for on site cutting of pipes .
The pipe material to be cut is placed on motorized cylinder assemblies. The
single dimensional machine subsequently cuts any pipe in desired profile,
required sizes. Pipe cutting machines are popular in offshore, pipe
processing, ship building, pressure vessel, structural and mechanical
contracting manufacturing because of the complex cuts and profiles typical
required in their respective industries.
 SYNOPSIS

The “ Fabrication of portable pipe seperating machine is used to

perform pipe cutting operation which is compact and portable, which can be
easily moved for one place to another. It can provide much faster and
efficient operations. These Pipe Cutters are used to cut various kinds of
Pipes. They are available in various sizes and specifications as per the
requirements of the clients. There are two types of pipe cutters. For use on
thicker pipes, there is a pipe cutter with a sharp wheel and adjustable jaw
grips. These are used by rotating it around the pipe and repeatedly tightening
it until it cuts all of the way through.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY

CONTROL UNIT

MOTORIZED CYLINDER

CUTTING UNIT
 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

• Switching unit:
Based on the switching circuit the pipe cutting unit will work. When
the switch is ON it starts cutting and if the switch off the cutting
unitwill stop.

• Motorized cylinder
It is a motorized unit. When the supply is given motor, it starts
working and the cutting unit also rotated which is located at the head
portion of the cylinder section.

• Cutting unit: The cutting unit is used to cut pipes in different sizes ie)
larger or small. This unit will rotate very fast to cut the pipes.

• Power supply:
The AC supply can also used as the supply for the unit. Supply of
230V, 50Hz ac signal from main supply board is given to a portable
pipe seperating unit.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The 230v power supply is given to the pipe cutting unit and to activate
the pipe cutting unit the user has to switch on the switching unit in the
machine to run the Pneumatic cylinder. The Pneumatic cylinder is
attached with the compressor unit which is controlled by air controller
switch. When the switch is up the Pneumatic cylinder piston goes up and
when the switch down the Pneumatic cylinder piston goes down. The
cutting unit is attached with the head of the cylinder unit. The motor is
rotated in high speed when the supply is given, so the cutting blade is also
moved in high speed. The cutting unit which is connected with the
Pneumatic cylinder which is activated and the cutting unit start to cut the
pipe based on the humans requirements. The cutting unit can be adjusted
based on the pipe size using vice unit. The handle unit is used to move
downwards when the pipe size is small. It is a portable machine for on site
cutting of pipes . The pipe material to be cut is placed on vice assemblies.
The single dimensional machine subsequently cuts any pipe in desired
profile, required sizes.
 COMPONENTS USED

CUTTING BLADE

The cutting blade unit is used to cut the pipe in required length based on
the user’ s requirement. A blade is that portion of a tool, with an edge that
is designed to cut and/or slash, chop, slice, thrust, or scrape surfaces or
materials. A blade may be made from a flaking stone, such as flint, metal
(usually steel), ceramic, or other material. The ability of a blade to cut arises
from the concentration of the force applied to the blade onto a very small
area, resulting in a high pressure on the matter to be penetrated.

VICE OPERATION

The Vice is used to tight the shaft which is holding the pipe. A tool which
can be moved together by tightening a screw so that an object can be held
firmly between them while it is being worked on. In our project one direction
vice is used to hold the shaft. It is used to tightening the shaft unit in the pipe
cutter.

PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical

devices which produce force, often in combination with movement, and are
powered by compressed gas (typically air).

To perform their function, pneumatic cylinders impart a force by converting

the potential energy of compressed gas into kinetic energy. This is achieved
by the compressed gas being able to expand, without external energy input,
which itself occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the
compressed gas being at a greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure.
This air expansion forces a piston to move in the desired direction.

Operation

General

Once actuated, compressed air enters into the tube at one end of the piston
and, hence, imparts force on the piston. Consequently, the piston becomes
displaced (moved) by the compressed air expanding in an attempt to reach
atmospheric pressure.

Specialized functions

Depending upon the design of the system, pneumatic cylinders can operate
in a variety of ways. Examples include having the ability to perform multiple
strokes without the need for intermediate intervention, to perform a full
stroke with intermediate stopping points, to be adjusted so as to control the
amount of extension and/or retraction of the piston rod once actuated.

Fail safe mechanisms

Pneumatic systems are often found in settings where even rare and brief
system failure is unacceptable. In such situations locks can sometimes serve
as a safety mechanism in case of loss of air supply (or its pressure falling)
and, thus, remedy or abate any damage arising in such a situation.

Types

Although pneumatic cylinders will vary in appearance, size and function,

they generally fall into one of the specific categories shown below. However
there are also numerous other types of pneumatic cylinder available, many of
which are designed to fulfill specific and specialised functions.

Single acting cylinders

Single acting cylinders (SAC) use the force imparted by air to move in one
direction (usually out), and a spring to return to the "home" position

Double acting cylinders

Double Acting Cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extend
and retract strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke and
one for in stroke.

Other types

Although SACs and DACs, are the most common types of pneumatic
cylinder the following types are not particularly rare:

 Rotary air cylinders: actuators that use air to impart a rotary motion
  Rod less air cylinders: actuators that use a mechanical or magnetic
coupling to impart force, typically to a table or other body that moves
along the length of the cylinder body, but does not extend beyond it.

Sizes

Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and can typically range from
a small 2.5mm air cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small
transistor or other electronic component, to 400mm diameter air cylinders
which would impart enough force to lift a car. Some pneumatic cylinders
reach 1000mm in diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic cylinders for
special circumstances where leaking hydraulic oil could impose an extreme
hazard.

Pressure, radius, area and force relationships

Although the diameter of the piston and the force exerted by a cylinder are
related, they are not directly proportional to one another. Additionally, the
typical mathematical relationship between the two assumes that the air
supply does not become saturated. Due to the effective cross sectional area
reduced by the area of the piston rod, the instroke force is less than the
outstroke force when both are powered pneumatically and by same supply of
compressed gas.

The relationship, between force on outstroke, pressure and radius, is as

follows:

Where:

F represents the force exerted

 r represents the radius

π represents the transcendental and irrational constant, which is

approximately equal to 3.14159.

This is derived from the relationship, between force, pressure and effective
cross-sectional area, which is:

With the same symbolic notation of variables as above, but also A represents
the effective cross sectional area.

On in stroke, the same relationship between force exerted, pressure and

effective cross sectional area applies as discussed above for outstroke.
However, since the cross sectional area is less than the piston area the
relationship between force, pressure and radius is different. The calculation
isn't more complicated though, since the effective cross sectional area is
merely that of the piston less that of the piston rod.

For in stroke, therefore, the relationship between force exerted, pressure,

radius of the piston, and radius of the piston rod, is as follows:

Where:

F represents the force exerted

r1 represents the radius of the piston

r2 represents the radius of the piston rod

π represents the transcendental and irrational constant approximately

equal to 3.14159.
Pneumatic Air cylinder position control

Supporting legs under pure force control fully comply with any
changes in position (up to the kinematic limit) while applying the target
force. Environmental data is now reaction force which can be easily
measured and controlled. This makes over-constrained systems much easier
to control and antagonistic forces can be easily recognised and minimised
which leaves full force available to balance external forces. III.
ACTUATORS Position control rather than force control has remained
popular in legged robot control, however, due to the

SPECIFICATION
1. Fabrication of frame is designed 4 Feet length 2 feet width and 1.5
feet height platform developed with stand

2. The stand is used 1” angular steel

3. We have used hand lever valve to control the air from compressor to
pneumatic cylinder

4. Pneumatic cylinder(400mm) we have give air from compressor, they

have two air points, both of used move inside piston of pneumatic
cylinder front and back

5. The pneumatic cylinder is controlled by air

6. The tip of pneumatic cylinder we have fix a Blade with frame

7. The blade specification is 1.25 feet length and .5 inch height

8. Near the Blade settings we have placed a wise for fix the pipe
 9. The wise is setting the adjustable for depend the pie 1 inch.

10. We have used .35 inch dia air fiber pipes are used pass the air from
compressor to pneumatic cylinder.

Pneumatic cylinder(s) (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical

devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a
reciprocating linear motion.

Air Compressor

In an air compressor, air is compressed by pulling in atmospheric air,

reducing its volume and increasing its pressure. There are three major types
of air compressor, namely, reciprocating, rotary and centrifugal compressor.

Air compressor is a versatile device used for supplying the compressed air
and/or power into a specific space. It is used for any purpose that requires air
in the reduced volume or increased pressure. Air compressor is a vital
mechanical device for the homeowners (refrigerators and air conditioners),
jet engines, commercial businesses, refining industries, manufacturing
industries and automotive industries. In fact, air compressor has been used in
the industries for more than 100 years.

Air Compressor: Types

Rotary Air Compressor

Rotary air compressor is similar to the positive displacement configuration
of a reciprocating compressor. In rotary type, two spinning helical mated
screws are used rather than piston(s). As the screws spin towards each other,
air is compressed and pushed inside a storage tank.
AC POWER SUPPLY

An AC power supply (230v) rating (1000rpm) typically takes the voltage

from a wall outlet (mains supply) and lowers it to the desired voltage. Some
filtering may take place as well.

Linear regulated power supply

The voltage produced by an unregulated power supply will vary

depending on the load and on variations in the AC supply voltage. For
critical electronics applications a linear regulator may be used to set the
voltage to a precise value, stabilized against fluctuations in input voltage and
load. The regulator also greatly reduces the ripple and noise in the output
direct current. Linear regulators often provide current limiting, protecting the
power supply and attached circuit from over current.

Adjustable linear power supplies are common laboratory and service

shop test equipment, allowing the output voltage to be adjusted over a range.
For example, a bench power supply used by circuit designers may be
adjustable up to 30 volts and up to 5 amperes output. Some can be driven by
an external signal, for example, for applications requiring a pulsed output.
FABRICATION

Metal fabrication is the building of metal structures by cutting,

bending, and assembling processes. It is a value added process that involves
the construction of machines and structures from various raw materials. A
fab shop will bid on a job, usually based on the engineering drawings, and if
awarded the contract will build the product. Large fab shops will employ a
multitude of value added processes in one plant or facility including welding,
cutting, forming and machining. These large fab shops offer additional value
to their customers by limiting the need for purchasing personnel to locate
multiple vendors for different services. Metal fabrication jobs usually start
with shop drawings including precise measurements then move to the
fabrication stage and finally to the installation of the final project.
Fabrication shops are employed by contractors, OEMs and VARs. Typical
projects include loose parts, structural frames for buildings and heavy
equipment, and stairs and hand railings for buildings.

The raw material has to be cut to size. This is done with a variety of
tools. The most common way to cut material is by Shearing (metalworking);
Special band saws designed for cutting metal have hardened blades and a
feed mechanism for even cutting. Abrasive cut-off saws, also known as chop
saws, are similar to miter saws but with a steel cutting abrasive disk. Cutting
torches can cut very large sections of steel with little effort.
 Forming is a process of material deformation. Forming is typically
applied to metals. To define the process, a raw material piece is formed by
applying force to an object. The force must be great enough to change the
shape of the object from its initial shape. The process of forming can be
controlled with the use of tools such as punches or dies. Machinery can also
be used to regulate force magnitude and direction. An example of machine
based forming can also combine forming and welding to produce lengths of
fabricated sheeting, most commonly seen in the form of linear grating (used
principally for water drainage) - (see example). Proper design and use of
tools with machinery creates a repeatable form which can be used to create
products for many industries, including jewelry, aerospace, automotive,
construction, civil and architectural, etc. Welding is the main focus of steel
fabrication. The formed and machined parts will be assembled and tack
welded into place then re-checked for accuracy. A fixture may be used to
locate parts for welding if multiple weld ments have been ordered.

ADVANTAGES

• Less man power required.

 Consumes less time.

 Portable, light in weight yet robust.

 Can cut pipe in any size as per the requirement .

 Very easy to set up, value for money.

 Saves time, reduces cost of cutting.

 APPLICATION

 It can be used in mechanical industries

 It can be used in automobile industries
 It can be used in Plumping units
 It can be used in Pipe manufacturing industries

COST ESTIMATION

Sl no Particulars Quantity Amount

1 Cutting Blade 01 500.00

2 Vice Unit 01 900.00

3 Fabrication work 01 2500.00

4 Iron stand 01 800.00

Pneumatic 01 1200.00
cylinder

Pneumatic Air 01 600.00

cylinder position
control

Total 6500
 CONCLUSION

The project entitled as “ Fabrication of portable pipe cutting machine

“ is designed and implemented successfully. It is used to perform pipe
cutting operation which is compact and portable, which can be easily moved
for one place to another. It can provide much faster and efficient operations.
These Pipe Cutters are used to cut various kinds of Pipes. It is a small and
portable unit, so it can be from one place to another place easily.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Machine Shop Technology - N. IYANARAPPAN

2. Machine Drawing - R.B. GUPTHA

3. Fundamentals of Mechanics - Marco Ceccarelli