Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
1
06/02/2018
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
2
06/02/2018
Figure 2.2 A typical stress-strain curve obtained from a tension test, showing various features
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
• As stress increases, a point in the linear • Yield point marks the beginning of plastic
relationship is finally reached when the deformation
material begins to yield • The stress-strain relationship is no longer
– Yield point Y can be identified by the change guided by Hooke's Law
in slope at the upper end of the linear region • As load is increased beyond Y, elongation
– Y = a strength property proceeds at a much faster rate than
– Other names for yield point = yield strength, before, causing the slope of the curve to
yield stress, and elastic limit change dramatically
3
06/02/2018
F L
dL L
A ln
L L o
Lo
where = true stress; F = force; and A =
actual (instantaneous) area resisting the
load
4
06/02/2018
K n
where K = strength coefficient; and n = strain
hardening exponent
Figure: True stress-strain curve plotted on log-log scale.
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
5
06/02/2018
6
06/02/2018
7
06/02/2018
• Shear strain defined as
b
Figure: Shear (a) stress and (b) strain.
where = deflection element; and
b = distance over which deflection occurs
8
06/02/2018
9
06/02/2018
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
10
06/02/2018
Figure 1.11 Schematic illustration of the stages during solidification of molten metal; each
small square represents a unit cell. (a) Nucleation of crystals at random sites in the molten
metal; note that the crystallographic orientation of each site is different. (b) and (c) Growth of
crystals as solidification continues. (d) Solidified metal, showing individual grains and grain
boundaries; note the different angles at which neighboring grains meet each other.
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid. Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
11
06/02/2018
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
12
06/02/2018
13
06/02/2018
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
14
06/02/2018
Figure 3.1 Specific strength (tensile strength/density) and specific stiffness (elastic Figure 3.2 Specific strength (tensile strength/density) for a variety of materials as a function of
modulus/density) for various materials at room temperature. temperature. Note the useful temperature range for these materials and the high values for
composite materials.
Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid. Manufac turing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.
ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Educat ion, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
15