The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute

(ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in
this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Unlocking
Private Sector Finance and Low-Carbon Investment:

Success Case of Thailand

Disseminate to Regional

Dr. Qwanruedee Chotichanathawewong

Director of Research Center for Environmental Strategy

National Research Council of Thailand, NRCT
Outline of Presentation

• Situation of Thailand ‘s NAMA and NDC

• Demand Outstrip’s Financing
• Lesson Leant from Thai Cases to Regional
- Role of Government
- Role of Private
 Thailand-NDC

555 Mt-CO2 to 444 Mt-CO2 in 2030

By
• Energy
• Transport
• Waste
• IPPU
 THAILAND’s Climate Change Policies and Actions
National Strategy Environmental Quality
2017 - 2037 Management Plan
Climate Change (2017 – 2021)
Integration Climate Change
12th National
Reform Agenda Economic & Social Master Plan
Development Plan 2015-2050
(2017 - 2021)

NDC

Human Rights
& Gender
Responsivene

from climate change

- Economic loss of health impact
change
- Death and illness rate from climate
ss
- Economic loss of life and asset

Sufficiency Community-
from water-related disaster

Economy based

Public Health
Adaptation
(CbA)
- Water Security Index

Ecosystem
Principles
based
Adaptation Proactive
TGEIS
(EbA)

Traffic Management
NAMA
Principle
NAMA

Indicators
Local Wisdom
7-20% BAU
7-20%
Good
Resource By 2020
By 2020
Efficiency
Governanc
e & Public
Participatio
n
 Results of GHG Reduction from NAMA
50 45.68
MtCO2eq Energy Efficiency LABEL No. 5
40.14
37.47 MtCO2eq Clean Technology Power Plant
MtCO2eq Efficiency improvement of existing power
37.5
plants.
Using Ethanol in transport sector
Using Biodiesel in transport sector
25 12%
11% Generate heat from RE: bio-energy
14.34
MtCO2eq 10%
12.5 Generate heat from RE: natural energy

Generate electricity from bio-energy

4%
0 Generate electricity from natural energy

2013 2014 2015 2016

Thailand will reduce GHG 7-20 % from energy and
transport sectors in 2020
Demand Outstrips Financing
 Lesson Leant from Thai Cases

To Regional

Unlocking Private Finance and Low

Carbon Investment
Role of Government
Role of Gov. :
PPP Legislation and Strategic Plan

Obj. to boost private investment.

Legislation is design to streamline and increase the transparency of PPP process.

Thailand’s new PPP legislation took effect in April 2013, and the PPP Strategic Plan was
approved in February 2015. Under this new legal framework, the processing time from an
initial feasibility study to construction commencement could be cut by more than half,
providing an increasingly attractive investment environment for private investors.
Role of Gov. :
Reduction of Corporate Income Tax

Reduction of Corporate Income Tax is one of economic tools that is

often used as strategy to attract foreign investor, foreign business or c
onsulting business.

In 2013, to support investment policy Thailand reduced the corporate

income tax level to 20%, which made the country’s corporate tax rate
become the second lowest in the ASEAN, behind only Singapore
Role of Gov.:
Investment Promotion Strategy (IPS)
Thailand’s BOI announced a seven-year IPS. Six major points of Investment Promotion Policy are

1) Promote investment that helps enhance national competitiveness by encouraging R&D,

innovation, value creation in the agricultural, industrial and services sectors, SMEs, fair
competition and inclusive growth. MOBALITY TALENT PROGRAM
2) Promote activities that are environment-friendly, save energy or use alternative energy
to drive balanced and sustainable growth.
3) Promote clusters to create investment concentration in accordance with regional
potential and strengthen value chains.
4) Promote investment in border provinces in Southern Thailand to help develop the local
economy, which will support efforts to enhance security in the area.
5) Promote special economic zones, especially in border areas, both inside and outside
industrial estates, to create economic connectivity with neighboring countries and to
prepare for entry into the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).
6) Promote Thai overseas investment to enhance the competitiveness of Thai businesses
and Thailand’s role in the global economy
Role of Gov.:
Removing the Risks of Investment

In case of investment of electric train in Bangkok Thai Gov. supports private sector many
issues to make sure that before construction, during construction and after construction
are smooth. The incentives on offer to help release the risks are tax exemption for carbon
credit, a number of tax concessions, land ownership deals, and streamlined investment p
rocedures, as well as import duty exemptions/reductions relating. Additionally, any manufa
cturing company in receipt of investment promotion privileges is exempt from both foreign
equity restrictions and local content and export requirements.

“Construction of Pink monorail and Yellow monorail will be started soon and finished in
2020. Government will invest in land allocation cost and some investment and private
sector will invest civil and construction work, electric train, train system, consulting cost
and operation and maintenance for 33 years and 3 months.”
Role of Gov.:
Plan and Budget should be in line

Policy and plan should have monitoring process and rolling plan every year or
two years in case that they do not achieve the target. For climate change policy
ONEP sets up monitoring process and monitors continuously and TGO works
closely to support private sector for its reduction by providing technical tool
(MRV), carbon label and training. Thai government provides fiscal year budget
as their requests.
Role of Gov.:
Support for Starting Step of Private Sector

Energy Conservation Fund (ENCON Fund, EPPO) was established. It aims to address the i
ssue of access to finance, which has been the key barrier to scaling up EE and RE projects.

R&D funding. ENCON provides funding for R&D in innovative or advance technologies
and launch to private sector for investment.
Pilot project. New and innovative technologies are studies and invested as a pilot project
such as hydro kinetic electrical generation system. This pilot project can generate 330
KW at 2.2 m/s of water flow. He has invested in 2 areas: in the river of Nong Kai province
and in the sea of Pattaya. At the investment of 1 Mw is about 8.8-10.2 million US$.
Investment. In term of financial many activities use budget of ENCON Fund for starting
up, scaling and implementation. He has been successful in increasing participation from
commercial banks and the private sector. In present ENCON Fund has 30,000 million baht
and cash flow in and out every year about 6,000 - 7,000 million baht. KASIKORN BANK
Role of Gov.: Carbon Tax and Eco-Sticker
Carbon tax. New automobile tax based on CO2 emission from the vehicle
was implemented in Jan. 2016. New law based excuse tax collection on the
emission of CO2 instead of on the size of the vehicle’s engine. Vehicle that
emits a higher level of carbon dioxide will be subjected to pay higher tax.
Automobiles releasing more than 200 grams of CO2 per kilometer will be
taxed at a rate of up to 40 percent of a vehicle's price compared to only 17
percent for those classified as eco-friendly models.

Eco-Sticker. From 1 Oct. 2015, Thailand required all manufacturers and

importers of light-duty vehicles to display an Eco-Sticker on windscreens to
inform buyers of the emissions, safety, and fuel economy rating of new cars.
The Eco-Sticker includes CO2 ratings, fuel economy, and as well as vehicle
emission standards.
Role of Gov.: Micellanous

• Seamless streamline the procedures and regulations (Single

Window)
• Maintaining the Stability of Currency Exchange (Should)
• Reducing the Energy and Carbon Intensity
 Role of Private Sector

• Understand the Investment Environment

and Business Culture
• Public –Private Dialogue