Taxonomy of Vascular Plants in Botanical Garden

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TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN

BOTANICAL GARDEN, BAGUIO CITY
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TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN
BOTANICAL GARDEN, BAGUIO CITY
Chua, Racquel Tan

PhD Biol 1
Graduate School, College of Natural Sciences, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, 2600
Corresponding email: kelkelchua@yahoo.com
Abstract
This study was primarily concerned in identifying, classifying, naming and describing the higher
vascular plants (angiosperms and gymnosperms) in Botanical Garden located in Leonard Wood
Road, Baguio City. There are 113 plant species identified belonging to 49 families namely
Acanthaceae (7), Agavaceae (7), Amaranthaceae (6), Amaryllidaceae (4), Apocynaceae (2),
Araceae (6), Asclepedaceae (1), Asteraceae (16), Balsaminaceae (2), Betulaceae (1),
Bignonaceae (1), Bromeliaceae (2), Cannaceae (2), Caprifoliaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (1),
Commelinaceae (1), Convolvulaceae (2), Crassulaceae (1), Cuppressaceae (1), Cyperaceae (1),
Euphorbiaceae (2), Fabaceae (1), Gesneriaceae (2), Poaceae (2), Heliconiaceae (3), Iridaceae
(1), Lamiaceae (2), Liliaceae (2), Lythraceae (1), Malvaceae (2), Maranthaceae (2), Moraceae (3),
Musaceae (1), Myrtaceae (3), Nyctaginaceae (1), Nymphaceae (1), Oleaceae (1), Orchidaceae
(1), Oxalidaceae (1), Palmae (6), Pinaceae (1), Piperaceae (1), Poaceae (1), Rosaceae (1),
Rubiaceae (2), Saxifragaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), Verbenaceae (1) and Zingiberaceae (1).
Plants belonging to family Asteraceae have the highest number of species. Lower vascular plants
such as ferns and non vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts etc. have not been included in
the study. As a result, a follow up study is recommended dealing on these plants. Based on the
survey results, indeed, the Botanical garden also known as Baguio Centennial Park is rich with
many beautiful higher vascular plants comprising of angiosperms and gymnosperms. Therefore,
efforts must be given in the maintenance and protection of the park. Thus, the biological role of
plants therein must be given high importance aside from their aesthetic value to man.
Introduction (City Environment and Parks Management Office

(CEPMO), personal communication, April 22,
One of the country‟s renowed ecotourism sites are 2010). Therefore, this study has been carried out.
natural and urban parks. Parks are protected
areas, in its natural or semi- natural state, or
planted, serves for human recreation and Objectives of the Study
enjoyment, as well as for the protection of wildlife The study had the following objectives: 1) To list
and natural habitats. According to World Tourism down all the higher vascular plants in the garden;
Organization, approximately 500 million tourist 2) To identify, classify and name (scientific and
trips are made worldwide each year (WTO, 1994). common/local) each vascular plant; and 3) To
The World Resources Institute reports that nature provide a brief botanical description including
traveling is growing at the rate of between 10 to 30 morphological features, propagation methods,
percent each year, compared with overall tourism origin and location.
of about 4 percent (Israngkura,1996). The
Philippines is one of the countries included in the Significance of the Study
Top 10 Best Destinations for elite travellers in Results of this study would aid local agencies such
China (DOT, 2009). There are many tourists spots as Department of Environment and Natural
in the country. Botanical Garden in Baguio City is Resources (DENR), City Environment and Parks
one of the mostly visited places by tourists coming Management Office (CEPMO) and Department of
from the low lands and other foreign countries as Tourism (DOT) by providing relevant information
well. Different vascular plants can be found in the on the identification, scientific classification and
site however, no study yet has been conducted on description of plant resources in Botanical Garden,
them and no literature is available that accounts Baguio City. Moreover, it would serve as a
for the taxonomy of these plants baseline study on the taxonomy of plants therein.
Scope and Limitation Common Names: lollipop plant, candle tops,
Only higher vascular plants such as angiosperms shrimp plant
and gymnosperms were studied in this research.
Ferns, mosses and lichens were not included. Description:
Identification and classification was only limited on Shrub to 90 cm or taller, leaves are opposite,
the observation of gross morphological features of narrow-ovate to 12 cm long, with entire margins.
the plants since picking or collecting of plants is
Flowers are in large terminal spike, to 10 cm long,
not allowed in the garden. Thus, the study did not
include other sources of taxonomic characters with large, golden yellow cordiante bracts, to 2.5
such as palynology, cytology, embryology, cm long; corolla is white. Fruit is a capsule.
chromosomes (number, size, morphology,
behaviour), phytochemistry etc. Also, ecological Native to Peru. Common in gardens in
factors such as soil, light, temperature and others Metropolitan Manila and in Bgauio City.
were not dealt on. Propagated by cutting or by seeds.
Methods and Procedures

The study utilized descriptive method of research.
Plant identification was done using appropriate
manuals, dichotomous keys, floras, herbariums
and monographs available. Some plant experts
and or botanists were consulted for verification.
Magnifying lens, ruler, field notebook, and camera
were used.
Results and Discussion

The plants identified in Botanical Garden are listed
and grouped below according to their plant
Justicia carnea
families.
Classification
Acanthaceae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Justicia
Species:carnea
Scientific Name: Justicia carnea
Common Names: pink jacobina
Pachystachys lutea Nees Description:

Low branching shrub. Leaves are opposite and
Classification broad ovate, grayish green, with acute apex.
Flowes are pink and in dense clusters at the end
Division: Magnoliophyta of branches; calyx is linear and 5-parted; corolla is
Class: Magnoliopsida more or less 2-lipped.
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae Native to Brazil. Widely cultivated in towns and
Genus: Pachystachys urban areas throughout the Philippines. Prefers
Species: lutea rich soil. Propagated by stem cuttings.
Scientific Name: Pachystachys lutea
Classification
Order: Scrophulariales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Odontonema
Species: strictum
Scientific Name: Odontonema strictum
Common Names: red odontonema
Sanchezia speciosa
Description:
Classification Shrub growing to 3 in tall. Leaves are ovate, with
acute tip, bright green, and to 12 cm long.
Division: Magnoliophyta Flowers are borne in long terminal spikes and
Class: Magnoliopsida extend above the leaves, bright red and to 4 cm
Order: Lamiales long.
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Sanchezia Native to Central America. Widely cultivated in
Species: speciosa towns and cities in the Philippines. Prefers lightly
Scientific Name: Sanchezia speciosa shaded places and rich soil. Propagated by stem
Common Names: sanchezia, yellow sanchezia cuttings.
Description:
Small, erect shrub growing to 3 m or more. Leaves
are large and lanceolate, the blade is green and
with yellow veins. Flowers are in panicles and
yellow in color.
Native to Ecuador. A popular ornamental plant in

the Philippines. Propagated by cutting of young
shoots. Ruellia tuberosa I.
th
Genus is named after Jose Sanchez, a 19 Classification
century professor of botany in Cadiz, Spain.
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Ruellia
Species: tuberosa
Scientific Name: Ruellia tuberosa
Common Names: meadow weed
Description:
Odontonema strictum (ness) O. Kuntze Low-growing perennial herb with tuberious roots.
Syn.: 0. nitidum (Iargu) O. Kuntze Leaves are opposite, short petioled,ovate to
oblong , abruptly narrowed at the base, with
undulate margins and to 12 cm long. Flowers are
showy, with funnel-shaped, 5-lobed corolla to 5 cm
across, and mauve or light. bluish purple. Fruit is a
cylindrical capsule with numerous seeds. Native to
the West indies and Northern South America.
Found in open waste places in the Philippines.
Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.
Classification
Order:Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Thunbergia
Species: grandiflora
Scientific Name: Thunbergia grandiflora
Local Name: clock vine, sky flower
Thunbergia mysorensis T. Anders. ex Bedd.
Description:
Classification
Woody climber. Leaves are broad-ovate, up to
20 cm long and 3- to 5-nerved from the base;
Division: Magnoliophyta margins are toothed. Flowers are bell-shaped, to
Class: Magnoliopsida 6 cm long, bright blue but white at the throat,
Order: Scrophulariales solitary or in racemes.
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Thunbergia Native to India. Has escaped cultivation at the
Species: mysorensis University of the Philippines campus in Los Banos,
Scientific Name: Thunbergia mysorensis Laguna. Not so common elsewhere
Description: Agavaceae
Woody climber. Leaves are opposite, lanceolate,
with entire --gins, to 12 cm long, with 3 prominent
nerves. Flowers are showy, funnel-shaped, in
hang ing racemes, golden yellow to orange-
yellow, the outer lips with reddish spots. Fruit
is a spherical capsule.
Native to Southern India. Cultivated in Laguna

and in Baguio City but rare elsewhere. A beautiful
plant for porches. Grows well on trellises. Prefers Agave americans L. var. Americans
loamy soil with manure and sand. Propagated by
seeds or cuttings of firm young shoots.
Classification Description
Herb with dense rosette of sword-shaped,
Division: Magnoliophyta grayish green leaves with sharp-pointed tips and
Class: Liliopsida prickled margins. Some varieties have white-
Order: Liliales margined leaves.
Family: Agavaceae
Genus: Agave Native to South America. Introduced to the
Species: americana Philippines during the American period.
Scientific Name: Agave americana
Local Name: American aloe, century plant,
maguey, magi
Description:
A large succulent plant with thick, broad,
glaucous gray-green leaves, sharply bent
downward above the middle; the mar gins have
sharp, brown hooks and the tip is pointed.
Inflorescence is to 3 i n tall and produced after 10
years or more; the plant dies after flowering. Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.
Flowers are in spikes, small, and yellow in color.
Classification
Native to Mexico. Introduced to the Philippines,
probably, during the Spanish period. Agave plants Division: Magnoliophyta
are propagated by seeds, suckers, rhizomes, Class: Liliopsida
stein buds, and hulbils. They thrive best in Order: Liliales
compost or sandy-loam soil. Family: Agavaceae
Genus: Cordyline
Species: fruticosa
Scientific Name: Cordyline fruticosa
Local Name: baston de San Jose, cordyline, ti
plant, tungkod pari
Description
Slender, palmlike shrub to 3 m tall. Stem is usually
single and unbranched, the lower parts having leaf
scars. Leaves are crowded of the stem; the blade is
Agave angustifolia Haw. variously shaped from oblong to oblanceolate and
narrow lanceolate, acute to acuminate, and
Classification .green or variously tinged with maroon to reddish
above and below the smoth margin.
Class: Liliopsida Indigenous to the East Indies. Widely cultivated in
Order: Liliales gardens throughout the Philippines. Several
Family: Agavaceae cultivars of varied leaf sizes, .shapes and colors
Genus: Agave were recently introduced to the country.
Species: angustifolia Commonly cultivated by stem cuttings, also by
Scientific Name: Agave angustifolia seeds or root layering.
Local Name: sword agave
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Agavaceae
Genus: Dracaena
Species: surculosa
Scientific Name: Dracaena surculosa
Local Name: spotted dracaena
Dracaena fragrans ‘Masangeana’
Description
Classification Small slender, shrubby plant to 2m tall, with wiry
and spreading stems. Leaves are opposite or
Division: Magnoliophyta whorled, elliptic or oblong elliptic and cuspidate/
Class: Liliopsida Blade is thin, glossy, deep green with numerous,
Order: Liliales irregular small, yellow spots, and with entire
Family: Agavaceae margins. Flowers are greenish yellow. Fruit is red
Genus: Dracaena berry.
Species: fragrans
Scientific Name: Dracaena fragrans Native to Congo. Recently introduced to the
Local Name: striped dracaena Philippines. Two varieties are popularly cultivated
Description in gardens in the Philippines D. surculosa var
Has broad yellow stripe along the middle portion of surculosa has flowers in racemose inflorescence
the leaves. Tree like plant with straight, and D. surculosa var capitata Hepper has flowers
unbranched or sometimes branched stems. in capitates or headlike inflorescence. D.
Leaves are to 90 cm wide glossy, green, surculosa „Florida Beauty‟ has leaflets almost
lanceolate, recurved, sessile, and spreading. entirely covered by creamy white blotching while
Flowers are yellow and clustered in panicles. Fruit D. surculosa „Friedman‟ has elliptic, olive green
is an orange red berry. leaves with cream blotching and broad ivory band
at the center.
Native to New Guinea. Widely cultivated in
gardens throughout the Philippines. Popular as an
indoor plant and as an accent plant for outdoor
landscapes. Propagated by stem cuttings.
Polianthes tuberose L.
Classification
Dracaena surculosa Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Liliopsida
Order: Liliales Native to India. Widely distributed in towns and
Family: Agavaceae cities in the Philippines. Thrives best in loamy-
Genus: Polianthes clay soil. Propagated by root division, seldom by
Species: tuberose stem cuttings.
Scientific Name: Polianthes tuberose
Local Name: azucena, tuberose Amaranthaceae
Description
A grasslike herb, with narrow-lanceolate, dark
green and smooth leaves to 60 cm or longer.
Flowers are fragrant, borne by long stalks, waxy
white, and to 5 cm long, with 6 spreading lobes.
Native to Mexico. Introduced to the Philippines at

an early date and now widely distributed
throughout the country. Commercially grown as
Iresine herbstii Hook.
cut flowers. Propagated by bulbs.
Classification
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Genus: Iresine
Species: herbstii
Scientific Name: Iresine herbstii
Local Name: blood leaf
Sanseviera trifasciata Prain
Description
Classification A low, annual herb. Leaves are broadly ovate or
orbicular, obtuse and notched at the apex, purple-
Division: Magnoliophyta red, with prominent arched veins, or, in the
Class: Liliopsida commoner variety, green or green-red with
Order: Liliales yellow veins.
Family: Agavaceae
Genus: Sanseviera Native to tropical America. Cultivated
Species: trifasciata throughout the Philippines.
Scientific Name: Sanseviera trifasciata
Local Names: bunot tigre, snake plant, spear
plant
Description
Herbaceous, succulent, perennial plant to 90 cm
tall. Leaves form a basal rosette and are flat,
thick, leathery, sword-shaped, and variegated
with grayish white transverse markings. Flowers
are whitish green and to 5 cm long. Iresine lindenii van Houtte 'Formosa'
Classification purple or red. In some varieties, the blade is
green or yellow. Inflorescence is small and in
Division: Magnoliophyta clusters.
Native to tropical Asia. Several cultivars are now
Order: Caryophyllales grown in gardens in the Philippines.
Genus: Iresine
Species: lindenii
Scientific Name: Iresine lindenii
Local Name: yellow blood leaf
Description
Herb with ornamental foliage and reddish
stem. Leaves are ovate, with acute tip, to 8 cm
long and to 5 wide, yellow-green with light green
midrib and lateral veins.
The species is native to Ecuador. It is introduced

to the Philippines. Named in honor of Linden.
Belgian nurseryman.
Aerva sanguinolenta
Classification
Genus: Aerva
Species: sanguinolenta
Scientific Name: Aerva sanguinolenta
Description
Amaranthus tricolor L. Prostrate or ascending herb with slender, reddish
stems rooting at the nodes when touching the
Classification ground. Leaves are opposite, ovate, to 5 cm long,
red or maroon on both sides, and with a sharp tip.
Division: Magnoliophyta Flowers are small, white and in axillary heads; the
Class: Magnoliopsida head is ovoid and to 2 cm long with a peduncle to
Order: Caryophyllales 5 cm long.
Genus: Amaranthus Indigenous to Java, Malay Peninsula, and the
Species: tricolor Philippines. Grows gregariously, usually forming
Scientific Name: Amaranthus tricolor dense clusters. In some areas has escaped
Local Name: Joseph‟s coat cultivation and has become a weed. Ocassionally
planted in gardens. Prefers open and sunny
Description places. Easily propagated by stem cuttings.
Erect, low shrub to 1.5 m tall. Leaves are ovate or
oval, with pointed tip. Young leaves are brilliant
Genus: Celosia
Species:
Scientific Name: Celosia sp.
Description
Annual herb to 100 cm tall. Flower heads are
showy, plumelike or featherlike, in panicles, and
Alternanthera ficoidea
colored red, orange or yellow.
Classification
Native to South America. Widely cultivated in the
Division: Magnoliophyta Philippines. Propagated by seeds.
Order: Caryophyllales Amaryllidaceae
Genus: Alternanthera
Species: ficoidea
Scientific Name: Alternanthera ficoidea
Local Names: cucharita, kutsaritas, parrot leaf
Description
Low fleshy herb with oval to broad lanceolate
leaves which are variegated reddish brown,
orange, yellow, pink, green or white. Flowers are Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffinanns
in small heads, white or straw colored, sessile and
borne at axils of leaves.
Classification
Native to Brazil. Now, widely distributed in the
Philippines. Grows well in warm, sunny locations. Division: Magnoliophyta
Used as bedding plant or ground cover. Class: Magnoliopsida
Propagated by cuttings or by division of mature Order: Caryophyllales
plants. Family: Amaryllidaceae
Genus: Agpanthus
Species: africanus
Scientific Name: Agpanthus africanus
Local Names: African lily, lily of the Nile
Description
Herb with thick rhizomes. Leaves are basal, 2-
rankec linear-lanceolate, to 50 cm long and 5
cm wide. Flowers are in umbels, usually bright
blue-violet, crowded at the end of a long stalk;
the umbels are 12- to 30-flowered.
Celosia sp.
Native to South Africa; usually cultivated as pot
Classification plants in the Philippines. Requires well-drained
soil with mixture of manure and compost.
Division: Magnoliophyta Propagated by division of rhizomes or by seeds.
Genus: Haemanthus
Species: multiflorus
Scientific Name: Haemanthus multiflorus
Local Names: blood lily
Description
Low herb, with thick bulb,growing to 45 cm tall.
Leaves are broad. to 30 cm long. short-petioled,
with base forming a false stem. Flowers are
crowded in umbels. deep red, to 2.5 cm long and
with spreading lobes. Fruit is a scarlet berry.
Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.
Native to South Africa. Cultivated in Baguio City.
Propagated by separation of offsets.
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Genus: Zephyranthes
Species: rosea
Scientific Name: Zephyranthes rosea
Local Names: Fairy lily, rain lily, storm lily
Description
Small, bulbous herb. Leaves are grasslike, arising
from the base, narrow-linear, with obtuse apex, Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss.
flat, dark green, smooth, to 30 cm long and 1 cm
wide. Flowers are solitary, borne by a long, Classification
slender pedicel, with 6 lobes about 3 cm long, rose
red in color Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Genus: Hippeastrum
Species: puniceum
Scientific Name: Hippeastrum puniceum
Description
Showy bulbous herb with cylindrical and hollow
stem. Leaves are fleshy, green, swordlike, to 40
cm long, and to 3 cm wide. Flowers are trumpet-
Haemanthus multiflorus Martyn shaped, bright orange-red with green lines at
the center, about 9 cm across and borne by a
Classification long, cylindrical stalk.
Native to South America. Planted in towns and
Class: Liliopsida cities in the Philippines. Propagated by seeds or
Order: Asparagales offsets.
Apocyanaceae Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Allamanda
Species: neriifolia
Scientific Name: Allamanda neriifolia
Local Names: bush allamanda
Description
Glabrous shrub growing to 1.5 m tall, with milky
sap and sometimes with scandent branches.
Leaves are opposite or whorled and 2-5 at each
Allamanda cathartica L. node. Inflorescence is paniculate; flowers have
golden yellow corolla, striped orange in the throat,
Classification to 6 cm across, with short and swollen tube, and
angular at the base. Fruit is a globose and spiny
Division: Magnoliophyta capsule.
Class: Magnoliopsida Native to tropical America. Propagated by stem
Order: Gentianales cuttings.
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Allamanda Araceae
Species: cathartica
Scientific Name: Allamanda cathartica
Local Names: golden trumpet, campanilla, yellow
bell
Description
Climbing vine with whorled , abovate, waxy, dark-
green leaves. Flower are slowly, bell-shaped, and
golden yellow. Anwtive to brazil, now widely
distributed throughout the Philippines
Genus is named after F.J.S.N. Allamand, an 18th
Anthurium andraeanum
century Dutch naturalist.
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Anthurium
Species: andraeanum
Scientific Name: Anthurium andraeanum
Local Name: anthurium
Allamanda neriifolia Hook. Description

Perennial, row-growing herb. Leaves are cordate
Classification and green; spathe is cordate. elongate, waxy,
Division: Magnoliophyta dark red. Spadix is pendant, yellow-tipped, and
Class: Magnoliopsida with white band.
Native to Colombia. Successfully cultivated in
Laguna, Batangas, Cavite, Baguio City and
other parts of the Philippines. Several cultivars
y
and h brids were recently introduced in the
country. The varieties have white to pink spathes.
Philodendron wendlandii
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Philodendron
Species: wendlandii
Scientific Name: Philodendron wendlandii
Philodendron melanochrysum Linden & Andre Local Name: bird‟s nest philodendron
Self heading herb with very short stem. The leaves
Division: Magnoliophyta are erect, oblanceolate, to 90 cm long and to 18
Class: Liliopsida cm wide, with auricled or truncate base; the petiole
Order: Alismatales is to 30 cm long, flat on upper surface. The spathe
Family: Araceae is to 17 cm long, green with purple tinge outside.
Genus: Philodendron
Native to South America. Recently introduced to
Species: melanochrysum the Philippines.
Scientific Name: Philodendron melanochrysum
Local Name: black gold philodendron
Description
Succulent climbing aroid with long
internodes. Leaves of mature plants are
spreading or hanging, oblong lanceolate, to 70
cm long, and to 30 cm wide, the tip acuminate; the
basal lobes are deeply cut and separated. Leaf
blade is dark green and the midrib and veins
are pale green. Leaves of young plants are
Philodendron undulatum
ovate and cordate. Spathe is to 20 cm long, with
greenish tube. Classification
Native to Colombia. Recently introduced to the Division: Magnoliophyta

Philippines. Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Philodendron
Species: undulatum
Scientific Name: Philodendron undulatum
Description
Scandent herb. The leaf blades are reflexed,
ovate, to 60 cm long with sagittate base and
sinuately lobed margins; the petiole is stout, to 70
cm long. Zantedeschia aethiopica
Native to Brazil and Paraguay. Recently Classification

introduced to the Philippines.
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Zantedeschia
Species: aethiopica
Scientific Name: Zantedeschia aethiopica
Local Names: calla lily, lily of the Nile
Description
Spathiphyllum commutatum
Robust, perennial herb with thick rhizomes.
Classification Petioles are fleshy and cylindrical. Leaves are
succulent, glossy green, to 90 cm long.
Inflorescence stalk is to 1 m long, bearing
Division: Magnoliophyta large, funnel- shaped, waxy-white spathe, to 15
Class: Liliopsida cmlong; spathe is bright yellow.
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae Native to South Africa. Cultivated in Baguio City
Genus: Spathiphyllum and other parts of the Mountain Province. Also
Species: commutatum occasionally grown in other high elevated parts of
the country.
Scientific Name: Spathiphyllum commutatum
Asclepiadaceae
Description
Stemless herb with narrow oblong leaves, to 30
cm long and to 10 cm wide with obtuse base and
acute tip. Flower stalk is erect and extending
above the leaves; spathe is ovate, white and
spadix is light green.
Indigenous to the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra,

Java. Occasionally planted as ornamental.
Asclepias curassavica
Description
Classification Herbaceous to semi-woody plant, to 5 in tall. Stems
are usually unbranched except in flowering parts,
Division: Magnoliophyta slightly angled. Leaves are 2- to 3-pinnate, to 80 cm
Class: Magnoliopsida long, including the petiole. Flowers are showy,
Order: Gentianales numerous, to 15 cm across, star-shaped; ray
Family: Asclepiadaceae flowers are white to lavender; disk flowers are
Genus: Asclepias yellow with red tips.
Species: curassavica
Scientific Name: Asclepias curassavica Native to Mexico, Guatemala, and San Salvador.
Local Name: bulak damo, butterfly weed Grows well in gardens in Baguio City but not in the
lowlands.
Description
Perennial herb to 1 m tall. Stem base is woody
and the upper part is soft and with milky sap.
Leaves are oblanceolate, to 8 cm long and to 3 cm
wide. Flowers are small and in umbels; petals are
5, reddish-orange with orange crown at the center.
Fruit is a fusiform follicle.
Native to tropical America. In the Philippines, the

plant is a weed in waste places and abandoned
fields. Planted occasionally as an ornamental.
Asteraceae
Dahlia cvs.
Dahlia imperealis Roezl ex Ortig.
Classification
Classification
Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida
Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales
Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae
Family: Asteraceae Genus: Dahlia
Genus: Dahlia Species:
Species: imperialis Scientific Name: Dahlia sp.
Scientific Name: Dahlia imperialis Common Name: dahlia, dalya
Common Name: tree dahlia
Description
Perennial herb to 60 cm tall. Leaves are opposite,
1- to 3- pinnate; penduncles are long. Flower
heads are large with yellow disk; rays are in
various shades of red, purple, white.
Native to Mexico. Succesfully cultivated in Baguio

City,Tagaytay, Batangas, and Laguna.
Genus was named after Professor Andreas Dahl,

a student of Linnaeus.
Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond
Classification
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Chrysanthemum
Species: maximum
Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum maximum
Common Name: Shasta daisy
Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Description
Classification
A perennial herb with simple or branched and
angular stems. Leaves are pale green, with serrate
margins. Lower leaves are. petioled, wedge-shaped
at the base or oblanceolate; upper leaves
Order: Asterales
becoming narrower. Ray flowers are white.
Family: Asteraceae
Native to the Pyrenees. Cultivated in Batangas,
Genus: Chrysanthemum
Cavite, Baguio City, and other highly elevated
Species: indicum
areas in the Philippines.
Scientific Name: Chrysanthemum indicum
Common Name: manzanilla, rosas de japon
Description
in
Perennial, stoloniferous herb, to 1 tall. Leaves
are alternate, ovate to oblong-ovate, to 8 cm
long, with pinnately cleft margins. Leaf surface
is felty gray beneath. Flower head is about 2.5
cm across, in loose terminal corymbs. Disc and
ray flowers are yellow. Fruit is a somewhat winged,
nearly cylindrical, ribbed achene.
Aster spp.
Native to China and Japan. Introduced to the
Philippines probably during the Spanish period.
Primarily grown as an ornamental.
Description
Classification Perennial herb to 50 cm tall. Stems are leafy at the
base and nearly leafless above. Leaves are
Division: Magnoliophyta opposite, simple, and pinnately lobed. The lobes
Class: Magnoliopsida are linear to oblanceolate. Flower heads are to 6
Order: Asterales cm across, yellow, and borne by long, slender
Family: Asteraceae peduncles.
Genus: Aster
Species: Native to north and South America. Occasionally
Scientific Name: Aster spp. cultivated in gardens in the Philippines; not
Common Name: aster widespread. Propagated by seeds or by division of
the plant.
Description
Perennial herb with rhizomatous stems. Leaves
are alternate and d simple with entire or toothed
margins. Flower heads are usually radiating, in
racemes or in panicles. Involucres are
campanulate turbinate. Disc flowers are yellow
and bisexual. Ray flowers are 1 row, purple, blue,
violet, pink or white.
Asters are native to America, Europe, Asia, and

Africa. Numerous species and varieties were Cosmos sulphureus Cay.
recently introduced to the Philippines. Propagated
by seeds, by cuttings or by division. Classification
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cosmos
Species: sulphureus
Scientific Name: Cosmos sulphureus
Common Name: cosmos
Description
Coreopsis lanceolata L.
Annual herb, to 60 cm tall. Leaves are opposite,
pinnately c-: lobes are narrow lanceolate. Flower
Classification stalk is to 20 cm long. Ray flowers are with 8
spreading rays, pale to golden yellow, toothed at
Division: Magnoliophyta margin; disk flowers are with exerted anthers.
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Coreopsis
Species: lanceolata
Scientific Name: Coreopsis lanceolata
Common Name: yellow coreopsis
Helianthus annuus L. Helichrysum bracteatum (vent.) Andr.
Classification Classification
Division: Magnoliophyta Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helianthus Genus: Helichrysum
Species: annuus Species: bracteatum
Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus Scientific Name: Helichrysum bracteatum
Common Name: mirasol, sunflower Common Name: everlasting, straw flower
Description
Stout annual herbs, 30-60 cm tall; stems are
Description terete and sparingly branched. Leaves are
A coarse, stiff, annual plant, 3-4 m tall; stems are alternate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base,
straight, rarely branched. Leaves are opposite at the and with entire margins. Blade is green on both.
lower part of the stem, alternate above, ovate,
rough, hairy, to 30 cm long, and to 20 cm wide in
cultivated form, with toothed margins. Flower
heads are solitary or in clusters, to 40 cm across;
disk flowers are yellow to brown, with tubular, 5-
limbed corolla; ray flowers are orange-yellow.
Native to North America. Introduced to the Philip-

pines during the Spanish period. Successfully
cultivatedin some parts of the country. Propagated
by seeds.
Genus name was derived from the Greek

word helios, meaning the sun and anthos, a
flower. Tagetes patula L.
Classification orbicular, entire or 3-to 5 lobed; margins are
toothed.
Native to central America. Introduced to the
Philippines as an ornamental but has escaped
Order: Asterales cultivation and has become a weed in waste
Family: Asteraceae places. Propagated by seeds.
Genus: Tagetes
Species: patula Genus is named after the greek god Tithonus, a
Scientific Name: Tagetes patula favorite of Aurora.
Common Name:Amarillo, French marigold
Description
Bushy perennial herb to 80 cm tall. The leaves are

opposite and pinnate. The flower heads are
solitary, to 5 cm across long peduncle. The ray
flowers are yellow, orange or reddish brown.
Native to Mexico and Guatemala. Cultivated

throughout the Philippines .
Zinnia elegans jacq.
Classification
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Zinnia
Species: elegans
Scientific Name: Zinnia elegans
Common Name: zinnia
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A Gray Description

Low. erect annual herb, to 30 cm or taller.
Classification Leaves are opposite, ovate or nearly elliptic.
with base clasping the stem. Flower head is
terminal: the flowerina stalk is 2-5 cm long. Ray
Division: Magnoliophyta flowers are flowering reflexed, of various colors
Class: Magnoliopsida except blue and green; disk flowers are usually
Order: Asterales yellow or orange. Genus was named after
Family: Asteraceae Johann Gottfried Zinn, a professor of Medicine at
Genus: Tithonia Gottingen, the Netherlands
Species: diversifolia
Native to Mexico. Widely cultivated in the
Scientific Name: Tithonia diversifolia
Philippines. Thrives best in deep loamy soil.
Common Name: wild sunflower, tithonia Propagated by seeds.
Description
Small – to medium-sized annual shrub with rather
stout almost glabrous branches. Leaves are
alternate, petioled, membranaceous, ovate to
Classification
Order: Ericales
Family: Balsaminaceae
Genus: Impatiens
Species: balsamina
Scientific Name: Impatiens balsamina
Common Name: kamantigi, touch me not
Wedelia trilobata
Description
Annual herb, to 60 cm tall Leaves are alternate,
lanceolate, to 15cm long; margins deeply
Classification
serrate. Flowers white, red, pink, or purple with
conspicuous spurs. Fruits more or less elliptic, to 2
Division: Magnoliophyta cm long, with numerous small seeds bursting
Class: Magnoliopsida when fruit ripe.
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae Native to America. Popularly grown in gardens
Genus: Wedelia around the Philippines. Propagated by seeds.
Species: trilobata
Scientific Name: Wedelia trilobata
Common Name: wedelia
Description
A creeping, succulent, perennial plant, with stems
rooting at the nodes. Leaves are opposite, ovate,
dentate, shallowly 3-cleft glossy, and green.
Flowers are to 2 cm across and golden yellow.
Classification
Native to the West Indies and Northernn South
America. Excellent ground cover plant. Prefers
loam clay soil.
Order: Ericales
Genus is named after George Wolfgang Wedel, a
Family: Balsaminaceae
German professor.
Genus: Impatiens
Balsaminaceae Species: walleriana
Scientific Name: Impatiens walleriana
Common Name: everyday, patience plant
Description
Low, perennial herb, to 60 cm tall, with soft, fleshy
stem. Leaves are ovate and the tip is acute to
short acuminate. Flowers. are carmine red to
pink; petals are 5-lobed, the spurs are long and
tapering. Native to tropical America. Widely
cultivated in gardens throughout the country.
Impatiens balsamina
Betulaceae Classification
Family: Bignoniaceae
Genus: Pyrostegia
Species: venusta
Scientific Name: Pyrostegia venusta
Common Name: flower vine, flame flower, flaming
trumpet vine
Alnus viridis Description

Climbing shrub with 6-8 ribbed branchless. Leaves
Classification are compound, with 2 or 3 leaflets, bearing 3-
parted terminal tendrils. Leaflets are ovate, to 5
cm long, acuminate. Flowers are reddish orange,
in terminal panicled cymes, to 5 cm long; corolla
Class: Magnoliopsida lobes are reflexed. Fruit is a capsule and to 30 cm
Order: Fagales long.
Family: Betulaceae
Genus: Alnus Native to Brazil and Paraguay. Recently
Species: viridis introduced and grows well in Baguio City.
Propagated by cuttings.
Scientific Name: Alnus viridis
Common Name: green alder
Bromeliaceae
Description
It is a large shrub or small tree 3-12 m tall with
smooth grey bark even in old age. The leaves are
shiny green, ovoid, 3-8 cm long and 2-6 cm broad.
The flowers are catkins, appearing late in spring
after the leaves emerge (unlike other alders which
flower before leafing out); the male catkins are
pendulous, 4-8 cm long, the female catkins 1 cm
long and 0.7 cm broad when mature in late
autumn, in clusters of 3-10 on a branched stem.
The seeds are small, 1-2 mm long, light brown
with a narrow encircling wing.
Bignonaceae
Aechmea fasciata
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Bromeliales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Genus: Aechmea
Species: fasciata
Scientific Name: Aechmea fasciata
Pyrostegia venusta
Description
Epiphytic herb with leaves arrange in a tubular
rosette, to 60 cm long. The leaves are green, with
gray scales and marbled with white on black; with
black spines at the margins. Inflorescence is a
light red globose head with blue flowers.
Native to Brazil. Thrives best in shades.

Canna generalis
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Cannaceae
Genus: Canna
Species: generalis
Aechmea gamosepala Scientific Name: Canna generalis
Classification Local Name: bandera espanola
Division: Magnoliophyta Description

Class: Liliopsida Perrenial succulent herb with unbranched stem.
Order: Bromeliales Leaves are oblong, acute or acuminate, bright
green or tinged with maroon or red, with entire
Family: Bromeliaceae
margins. Inflorescence is terminal. Flowers are
Genus: Aechmea irregular, showy, yellow, red or pink, plain or with
Species: gamosepala tiny blotches on petals. Fruit is a 3-valved
Scientific Name: Aechmea gamosepala capsule.
Most Cannas cultivated in gardens in the
Description Philippines are the result of hybridization
The soft leaves hide the strong growing and between several species, notably C. indica, C.
pupping characteristics. The long slender ribbon flaccida, C. glauca and C. coccinea.
leaves are a very rich green with margins from
yellow to white on the edges. Caprifoliaceae
The very striking individual purplish blue flowers

protruding from the numerous large pink bracts
and being displayed high above the contrasting
foliage, last for many weeks, with several flowering
periods per year.
Cannaceae
Sambucus javanica Reines. ex Blume
Classification
Canna hybrid
Order: Dipsacales Native to the west indies, recently introduced to
Family: Caprifoliaceae/ Adoxaceae the Philippines in Baguio City and in Mountain
Genus: Sambucus Province.
Species: javanica
Scientific Name: Sambucus javanica
Caryophyllaceae
Common Name: galamat, Japanese elder, sauco
Description
Shrub with spreading branches, to 4 in tall. Leaves
are pinnately compound: leaflets are usually to 7,
ovate, acuminate, with serrate margins.
Inflorescence is in dense terminal clusters.
Flowers are small, white, and with faint fragrant
smell.
Dianthus caryophyllus L.
Capparaceae
Classification
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Genus: Dianthus
Species: caryophyllus
Cleome spinosa Scientific Name: Dianthus caryophyllus
Common Name: carnation
Classification
Description
Division: Magnoliophyta Small herb, to 60 cm tall Leaves are thick, linear,
Class: Magnoliopsida and bluish green. Flowers are termal, solitary,
Order: Capparales showy, fragrant with dentate petals, in various
Family: Capparaceae colors of white, pink, red, etc. native to the
Genus: Cleome Mediterranean region and to india. Popular and
Species: spinosa widely cultivated in gardens around the
Scientific Name: Cleome spinosa Philippines. Numerous cultivars wre recently
Local Names: spider flower introduced in the country propagated by seeds.
Description
Hairy strong-scented annual or biennal palnt with
spiny stem. ;eaves are palmately-compound, with
5-7 oblong-lanceolate leaflets; sun flowers are
borne in clusters,, white or purple with 4 petals
and 6 long spider like stamens.
Commelinaceae
Classification
Order: Sonales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Ipomea
Species: purpurea
Scientific Name: Ipomea purpurea
Local Names: common morning glory, aurora
Murdania nudiflora
A slender, twining vine with coordinate-ovate,
Division: Magnoliophyta green leaves Flowers are bell-shaped, to 5 cm
Class: Liliopsida across, deep purple, blue, pink carmine or white.
Order: Liliales Naïve to tropical America, widely distributed in the
Family: Commelinaceae Philippines.
Genus: Murdania
Species: nudiflora
Scientific Name: Murdania nudiflora
Local Names: alikbangon lalaki
Description
Slender, glabrous herb with stems rooting at the
lower nodes. Leaves are narrow, oblong
lanceolate, to 10 cm long. Flowers are small
numerous, pink to purple, and in racemose
clusters. Fruit is a loculicidal capsule. Ipomoea batatas (L,) Lamk.
Widely scattered from Indo China, Southeast Asia Classification

to New Guinea. Generally grow as weed in fields
and waste places throughout the Philippines.
Occasionally planted as an ornamental.
Convolvulaceae Order: Sonales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Ipomea
Species: batatas
Scientific Name: Ipomea batatas
Local Names: kamote, sweet potato
Description
Perennial trailing herb with large tubers. Stems are
more or less succulent; leaves are ovate, entire or
palmately lobed, bright yellow-green and to 15 cm
long. Flowers are solitary, campanulate,p ale pink
to rose-violet and to 5 cm long.
Ipomea pupurea (L.) Roth
Native to tropical America. Introduced to the Cuppressaceae
Philippines Suing the Spanish period. Widely
cultivated for its edible tubers and leaves.
Occasionally grown as an ornamental. A new
cultivar with bright yellow-green leaves was
recently introduced to the Philippines.
Crassulaceae
Cycas revoluta
Classification
Division: Cycadophyta
Class: Cycadopsida
Echeveria peacockii (Bak.) Britt. & Rose Order: Cycadales
Family: Cycadaceae
Classification Genus: Cycas
Species: revoluta
Division: Magnoliophyta Scientific Name: Cycas revoluta
Class: Magnoliopsida Local Names: olive
Order:Saxifragales
Family: Crassulaceae Description
Genus: Echeveria Stout, erect palm like tree, to 10 m tall with trunk
Species: peacockii usually shorter, not exceeding 2 m tall. Leaves are
Scientific Name: Echeveria peacockii numerous, 0.5 to 1.5 m long, and form a rosette.
Local Names: peacock echeveria Leaflets are stiff, dark green, linear and pointed at
the tip; margins roll down to the underside.
Description
Small, succulent herb with short stem. Leaves are Native to China and Japan. Popular and widely
fleshy and form a dense rosette, to 6 cm long, cultivated in gardens and parks throughout the
oblong obovate or oblanceolate, and covered with Philippines.
silvery, blue or whitish glaucescens; tip is short
and sharp. Flowers are red. Cyperaceae
Native to Mexico. Recently introduced to the

Philippines. Genus was named after Atanassio
Echeveria, a Mexican botanist.
Cyperus alternifolius
An erect, branching shrub, to 4 in tall. Stern is
Division: Magnoliophyta woody exuding milky sap. Leaves are alternate,
Class: Liliopsida elliptic to oblong-elliptic the upper ones
Order: Cyperales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, to 18 cm long and
Family: Cyperaceae 6 cm wide. Lower leaves are green, slightly
Genus: Cyperus lobed and long - petioled, the upper leaves at
Species: alternifolius time of flowering uniformly red. Inflorescence is
Scientific Name: Cyperus alternifolius terminal. Flowers are small, crowded - and with
Local Name: umbrella plant two large, yellow glands.
Native to tropical America. Widely cultivated
Description Philippines. Propagated by stem cuttings.
Clustering perennial plant, to 1.5 m tall. Stems
are cylindric, ribbed, smooth and green. Leaves
are linear, radiating from the terminal point of
stem, spreading or slightly drooping, to 20 cm long.
Flowers are small, green, and clustered.
Native to Madagascar. Widely distributed in the

Philippines. Growing in ponds, canals, pools, and
riversides Occasionally planted as an ornamental.
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha wilkesiana ‘Marginata’
Classification
Order: Euphorbiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Acalypha
Species: wilkesiana
Scientific Name: Acalypha wilkesiana
Local Name: copper leaf
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.
Description
Classification Leaves are lanceolate, coppery with reddish or
pinkish serrate margins.
Class: Magnoliopsida Fabaceae
Order: Euphorbiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: pulcherrima
Scientific Name: Euphorbia pulcherrima
Local Name: Christmas flower, pascuas,
poinsettia
Cassia occidentalis L.
Trailing epiphyte. Leaves are opposite, ovate,
Division: Magnoliophyta somewhat fleshy and dark green; the margins are
Class: Magnoliopsida entire. Calyx is tubular and green; corolla is
Order: Fabales bilobed, 6, bright red. Fruit is a capsule with 2
Family: Fabaceae/ Leguminosae valves.
Genus: Cassia
Species: occidentalis Native to Java. Recently introduced to the
Scientific Name: Cassia occidentalis Philippines. Propagated by seeds, cutting and by
Local Name: balatong aso; andadasi division.
Description Genus name when translated means “ugly flower,”

Semi-woody, glabrous and branched shrub t o probably alluding to the wide mouthed flowers.
1.5 in tall. Leaves are stipulate and pinnately
compound. Leaflets are 3-6 paired, ovate or
ovate-oblong, pale to bright green, with glands
at the base of the petiole. Flowers are yellow,
showy, and on terminal or axillary racemes; petals
are 5 and stamens are 10. Pods are linear,
laterally compressed and pointing upward.
Native to tropical America. Common in thicket,

vacant lots, and abandoned fields throughout the
Philippines. Occasionally grown in gardens. Chrysothemis puchella
Propagated by seeds.
Classification
Gesneriaceae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Gesneriaceae
Genus: Chrysothemis
Species: puchella
Scientific Name: Chrysothemis puchella
Local Name: chrysothemis
Aeschynanthus javanica Description

Succulent, annual herb. Leaves are stiff, oblong,
Classification acuminate, glossy and dark green; margins are
finely serrate. Flowers are several, terminal,
Division: Magnoliophyta clustered and orange to red.
Order: Lamiales Native to Panama; recently introduced to the
Family: Gesneriaceae Philippines. Grown as ground cover plants or as
Genus: Aeschynanthus border plants. Propagated by cuttings.
Species: javanica
Scientific Name: Aeschynanthus javanica
Local Name: lipstick plant
Gramineae/Poaceae
Classification
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Paspalum
Species: conjugatum
Scientific Name: Paspalum conjugatum
Local Name: carabao grass
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendt. Description

Classification Spreading stoloniferous grass. Leaves are narrow-
lanceolate, flat, thin, glabrous to 20 cm long and to
Division: Magnoliophyta 1.5 cm wide. There are 2 spikes at the terminal
Class: Magnoliopsida part of the stem; the spikes are to 12 cm long and
Order: Poales with slender peduncle. The spikelets are imbricate,
Family: Poaceae to 1.4 mm long, pale green.
Genus: Bambusa
Species: vulgaris Native to tropical America and now widespread
Scientific Name: Bambusa vulgaris throughout the tropics. Growing in open, waste
Local Name: kawayan-kiling places throughout the Philippines. Considered a
weed but sometimes planted as coarse lawn
Description grass. Propagated by division of sod blocks.
Clump-forming, unarmed bamboo, to 15 m tall.
Stems are hollow, dark green, and to 10 cm in Heliconiaceae
diameter; sheaths are deciduous, and straw-
colored. Leaves are linear-lanceolate and 8-9 in
each branch.
Indigenous to mainland Taiwan, mainland China,

Malay Peninsula to New Guinea. Common in
thickets and secondary forests in the
Philippines. Occasionally planted for
ornamental purposes.Propagated by separation
of off-shoots.
Heliconia humilis Jacq.
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family:Heliconiaceae
Paspalum conjugatum Genus: Heliconia
Species: humilis
Scientific Name: Heliconia humilis Indigenous in Argentina to Peru. Recently
Local Name: common lobster claw introduced to the Philippines. Still of restricted
distribution.
Description
Large, perennial plant to 4m tall. Leaves are long-
stalked oblong,pointed, and shiny green. Bracts
are bot-shaped salmon-red. Changing to green
toward the tip. Inflorescence is erect, with
yellowish white flowers.
Native to Brazil and Trinidad. Cultivated in towns

and cities in the Philippines but not widespread.
Prefers rich, loamy soil and abundant water.
Heliconia psittacorum L.f.
Propagated by seeds or by division of rhizomes.
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Genus: Heliconia
Species: psittacorum
Scientific Name: Heliconia psittacorum
Local Name: parrots‟ flower
Description
Heliconia rostrata R. & P. Perennial herb to 2 in long. Leaves are long-
petioled, narrow-lanceolate, bright green, to 50 cm
Classification long and to 10 cm wide. Flowers are borne
terminally by an erect peduncle to 30 cm long;
Division: Magnoliophyta bracts are narrow, green or orange with red
Class: Liliopsida tips. Flowers are orange or greenish yellow with
Order: Zingiberales green tips.
Genus: Heliconia Native to Guyana and Brazil. Cultivated in towns
Species: rostrata and cities in the Philippines. Rather widespread
Scientific Name: Heliconia rostrata and common.
Local Name: hanging lobster claw
Iridaceae
Description
Perennial herb with banana like leaves to 1.5 m
long and to 30 cm wide. Inflorescence is showy,
pendulous, to 60 cm long reddish at the base,
turning yellow at the tip; bracts are in 2 ranks, with
greenish edge and to 10 cm long. Flowers are
yellow green.
Gladiolus sp.
Classification Classification
Division: Magnoliophyta Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Liliopsida Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asparagales Order: Lamiales
Family: Iridaceae Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Gladiolus Genus: Salvia
Species: Species: splendens
Scientific Name: Gladiolus sp. Scientific Name: Salvia splendens
Local Name: gladiolus Local Name: scarlet sage
Description Description
Bulb bearing medium sized herb. Leaves are Small shrub to 90 cm tall. Leaves are ovate,
sword shaped, arise at or near the ground, and acuminate, and light green, with toothed margins.
clasp the stem. Flowers are several, usually Flowers are glabrous, bilabiate, and bright red.
clustered, pink, white, yellow or orange, to 10 cm
across, and borne in a simple or branched spike. Native to Brazil. Recently introduced to the
Petals are funnel shaped, enlarging upward; lobes Philippines. Thrives well in Baguio City and other
are 6, unequal and narrowed at the base the high elevation areas where it produces numerous
upper lobes are hooded at the opening of the flowers.
mouth.
There are numerous species and cultivars of

Gladiolus around the world. These originated
mainly from tropical Africa and the Mediterranean
region. Most of the cultivars grown in the
Philippines are hybrid origin. Gladiolus grows well
in deep rich soil fertilized with manure and prefers
cool places like Batangas, Mountain Province and
the highlands of Cebu.
Genus name in Latin means a “small sword,”

Coleus blumei
alluding to the shape of the leaves.
Classification
Lamiaceae
Class: Magnolipsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Coleus
Species: blumei
Scientific Name: Coleus blumei
Local Name: coleus, mayana
Description
Soft perennial herb to 90 cm tall, with 4-angled
Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex R. & S. stems. Leaves are opposite and ovate, with broad
base and sharp tip. Leaf blade is variously
colored, unform or variegated and the margins are
toothed. Flowers are bilabiate and mostly purple or
lilac.
Indigenous in India, extending to Malay Peninsula

and the Philippines. A popular and widely
cultivated plant in the Philippines. Various cultivars
were recently introduced to the country.
Chlorophytum comosum
Liliaceae
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Liliaceae
Genus:Chlorophytum
Species: comosum
Scientific Name: Chlorophytum comosum
Common Name: chlorophytum
Description
Asparagus densiflorus Herbaceous plant with dense rosette of foliage.
Leaves are narrow linear, blunt at the tip, to 30 cm
Classification long and to 2 cm wide, recurved, glossy, pale to
dark green, with entire margins. Flowering
Division: Magnoliophyta racemes are long, pendulous and to 60 cm long.
Class: Liliopsida Flowers are small and white.
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae Native to South Africa. Recently introduced to the
Genus: Asparagus Philippines. Readily propagated by division of
Species: densiflorus rhizomes and from plantlets.
Scientific Name: Asparagus densiflorus
Local Name: garden asparagus Lythraceae
Description
Many branched, perennial herb with tuberous
roots. Branches have numerous, soft, fresh green
needles or cladophylls; thorns are small and
green. Flowers are numerous, small, whitish,
fragrant in open racemes. Fruit is berry and green,
turning red to black.
Native to Natal. Widely cultivated in the

Philippines. A popular hanging plant. Propagated
by seeds and by division of the tuberous roots. Cuphea hyssopifolia
Branching shrub to 2 m tall, with short hair on
Division: Magnoliophyta stems and leaves. Leaves are toothed, ovate,
Class: Magnoliopsida acuminate and bright green. Flowers are in the
Order: Myrtales upper axils of the leaves; calyx is green, 5- lobed
Family: Lythraceae and corolla lobes are 5, red. Fruit is subglobose
Genus: Cuphea and about 6 min in diameter.
Species: hyssopifolia
Scientific Name: Cuphea hyssopifolia Native to tropical America. Widely cultivated in
Local Name: false heather, Singapore bush gardens in the Philippines. Flowering throughout
the year.
Description
Much branched shrub to 1.5 m tall. Stems are
semi-woody, slender and crooked. Leaves are
green, opposite, acute and numerous on the
branches, narrow lanceolate, to 1.5 cm long.
Flowers are small, purplish violet to light purple
with green calyx.
Native to Mexico. Recently introduced to the

Philippines. Popularly grown as hedge plant.
Propagated by stem cuttings.
Malvaceae
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Classification
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: rosa-sinensis
Scientific Name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Local Name: gumamela
Malvaviscus arboreus
Description
Classification
Erect, branching, glabrous shrub to 4 m tall.
Leaves are ahernate, stipulate, ovate,
acuminate, dark green, to 12 cm long and with
toothed margins. Flowers are solitary, axillary, to
Order: Malvales
10 cm across, with 6 lanceolate bracteoles;
Family: Malvaceae
calyx is toothed and green; to 5 petals are broad
Genus: Malvaviscus
and obovate, rounded and imbricate; staminal
Species: arboreus
tube is slender and longer than corolla.
Scientific Name: Malvaviscus arboreus
Local Name: gumamela de China, turk‟s cup
Probably native to Southeast Asia, now pan tropic
in distribution. Widely cultivated in the Philippines.
Various cultivars, with or double flowers, and Classification
colors ranging from white, orange yellow, are
cultivated in the country. Propagated by Division: Magnoliophyta
cuttings, grafting marcotting or layering. Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Maranthaceae Family: Marantaceae
Genus: Calathea
Species:louisae
Scientific Name: Calathea louisae
Description
Herb, to 90 cm tall. Leaves are basal, elliptic-
ovate, in clumps, and to 30 cm long; the upper
surface is with narrow, feather like greenish
markings along the midrib and the lower surface is
purplish red.
Native to tropical America. Recently introduced to

the Philippines. Propagated by tubers and by
Classification division of the crowns.
Division: Magnoliophyta Species was named after Queen Louisia of

Class: Liliopsida Belgium.
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Marantaceae Moraceae
Genus: Calathea
Species: lutea
Scientific Name: Calathea lutea
Description
Robust herb to 3.5 m tall. The leaves are ovate to
obovate, to 3.5 m long, and to 60 cm wide, green
above, gray underneath. The inflorescence bears
reddish brown bracts and yellow flowers.
Native to tropical America.

Ficus elastica
Classification
Order: Urticales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Ficus
Species: elastica
Scientific Name: Ficus elastica
Calathea louisae
Description
Spreading glabrous tree growing to 10 m tall.
Leaves are leathery, smooth, and shining, elliptic
oblong, sharply acuminate, to 25 cm long, entire;
the nerves are numerous, conspicuous, and
parallel; the stipules are membranaceous and
reddish.
Native to tropical Asia. Introduced to the

Philippines probably during the American period.
Commonly planted along roads and in parks. A
sturdy indoor plant. Propagated by marcotting of
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.
small branches.
Classification
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Genus: Artocarpus
Species: heterophyllus
Scientific Name: Artocarpus heterophyllus
Local Name: jackfruit, langka
Morus alba Description

Tree with milky sap, to 15 in tall. Leaves are
Classification elliptic-oblong, to obovate, entire or slightly 3-
lobed, shining dark green, to 15 cm long; the
Division: Magnoliophyta stipules are deciduous. Female heads are
Class: Magnoliopsida produced from the trunks or large branches, the
Order: Rosales male heads are terminal or axillary, cylindric, to 8
Family: Moraceae cm long, about 2.5 em in diameter. Fruit is green ,
Genus: Morus turning yellow when ripe, fleshy, oblong, to 60 cm
Species: alba long, the rough surface with numerous punctate
Scientific Name: Morus alba tips.
Local Name: mulberry
Indigenous to India and the Malay Peninsula.
Description Introduced to the Philippines at an early date.
Erect, deciduous trees to 20 m tall. Leaves are Commonly cultivated as a fruit tree in towns
alternate, ovate, to 15 cm long, with acuminate tip throughout the country but occasionally planted in
and toothed margins. Flowers are unisexual, in gardens and parks for ornamental purpose.
short, drooping catkins, to 6 cm long. Fruits are
purple black, juicy and edible.
Native to China. Introduced to the Philippines

during the early period and now cultivated in many
parts of the country. Naturalized in Batan Islands
and in Cagayan.
Musaceae Classification
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Psidium
Species: guajava
Scientific Name: Psidium guajava
Local Name: bayabas, guava
Description
Shrub with numerous branches, to 8 m or taller;
Musa sp. bark is thin, scaly, and flaking; the young branches
are 4 angled. Leaves are opposite, ovate, oblong
Classification to elliptic, to 5 cm long, with entire margins and
prominent lateral veins. Flowers are white, with 5
Division: Magnoliophyta petals and numerous stamens. Fruit is globose or
Class: Magnoliopsida pear shaped berry, yellow when ripe; seeds are
Order: Zingiberales small and many.
Family: Musaceae
Genus: Musa Indigenous to tropical America. Introduced to the
Species: Philippines during the Spanish period. A hardy
Scientific Name: Musa sp. plant that grows even in poor soil. Various
Local Name: banana cultivars were recently introduced to the
Philippines and includes the “Guava Java” which
Description bears extra large fruits to about 10 cm in diameter;
Dwarf banana plant to 3m tall. Leaves are narrow- and the “Miniature Guava” which are dwarf plants
oblong, green, to 1 m long. Flowering head is with proportionately small leaves, to about 3 cm
erect, to 20 cm long, with light pinkish bracts. long.
Native to Indo-China. Recently introduced to the Guavas are easily propagated from seeds. They
Philippines. are also propagated by grafting or marcotting.
Myrtaceae The genus name in Greek (psidon) means the

pomegranate. The specific epithet is derived from
the Spanish name “guajava”
Psidium guajava
Eucalyptus deglupta Bl.
Shrub to small tree with numerous, long, slender,
Division: Magnoliophyta and drooping branches, to 5 m tall. Leaves are
Class: Magnoliopsida narrow lanceolate, to 5 cm long, light green.
Order: Myrtales Spikes are to 7.5 cm long. Flowers are bright
Family: Myrtaceae red, in dense, cylindrical spikes.
Genus: Eucalyptus Native to Australia. Widely cultivated in the
Species: deglupta Philippines. Grows well in Burnham Park in
Scientific Name: Eucalyptus deglupta Baguio City.
Local Name: bagras
Nyctaginaceae
Description
Medium-sized tree, to 25 m tall; trunk has barks
flaking into thin, long strips, greenish blue, with
yellow greenish patches. Leaves are alternate,
lanceolate, acuminate, slightly leathery, aromatic
when crushed; the petioles are long and twisted.
Endemic to Mindanao where they are found in

lowland primary forests. Planted in parks .-.d gardens
in urban areas in Philippines but not common.
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.
Classification
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Bougainvillea
Species: spectabilis
Scientific Name: Bougainvillea spectabilis
Local Name: bogombilya, bougainvillea
Callistemon viminalis
Description
Classification
Thorny, semi-woody climbers with long, drooping
branches. Leaves are alternate, petioled, ovate,
acuminate, dark green, with entire margins.
Flowers are many, forming clusters at the terminal
Order: Myrtales
portion of branches. Flower clusters are in
Family: Myrtaceae
groups of 3, each group subtended by 3, large,
Genus: Eucalyptus
thin, persistent, colored, oblong-ovate and
Species: deglupta
acuminate bracts, to 4 cm long. Flowers are small,
Scientific Name: Callistemon viminalis
salver-shaped and white.
Local Name: weeping bottlebrush
Native to South America. One of the most Native to tropical Asia. Various cultivars, of hybrid
popular ornamental plants in the Philippines. origin, were recently introduced to the country.
Numerous cultivars are now cultivated in the The flowers usually open in the evening, and the
country: with single bracts or many-bracts, with color ranges from red, pink, and yellow. Growing
colors ranging from red, purple, pink, yellow or in pools, ponds, lakes, and rivers throughout the
white. cultivars with variegated leaves were country
recently introduced. Propagated by stem
cuttings. Thrives best in full sun. Oleaceae
Genus is named after Antoine de

Bougainville, first Frenchman to cross the
Pacific.
Nymphaeceae
Ligustrum vicaryi
Classification
Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Classification Genus: Ligustrum
Species: vicaryi
Division: Magnoliophyta Scientific Name: Ligustrum vicaryi
Class: Magnoliopsida Common Name: golden privet, golden bush
Order: Nymphaeales
Family: Nymphaeaceae Description
Genus: Nymphaea A multi-stemmed, perennial shrub that is
Species: pubescens commonly used in hedge and privacy screen
Scientific Name: Nymphaea pubescens plantings and as an accent plant in home
landscapes. The glossy, ovate leaves of the
Common Name: Nymphaea lotus
golden privet are the plant's most prominent
feature. Rather than green, the leaves have a
Description yellow or golden cast to them. The flowers
Perennial, aquatic herb with horizontal or erect produce a dark, colorful, berry-like fruit. This
rootstock. Leaves are large, glossy green, perennial, deciduous shrub is an evergreen in
round, oval, heart-shaped at the base, hairy warmer climates. The shrub grows moderately
fast, putting on around a foot of growth per year.
below and lie on the surface of the water.
Flowers protrude above the water; sepals are
green, with a purple tinge; petals are linear-
lanceolate. Fruit is a spongy berry that ripens
under water.
Orchidaceae Oxalidaceae
Classification
Spathoglottis plicata Bl Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Oxalidales
Classification Family: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Oxalis
Division: Magnoliophyta Species: rubra
Class: Liliopsida Scientific Name: Oxalis rubra
Order: Asparagales Common Name: oxalis
Family: Orchidaceae
Genus: Spathoglottis Description
Species: plicata Widespread. Free blooming, tuberous perennial
Scientific Name: Spathoglottis plicata herb with trifoliate leaves. Flowers are small, pink
Common Name: Spathoglottis or rose, 5- petalled and about 1 cm across.
Description Native to Brazil. Recently introduced to the

Terrestrial orchid with underground corm and Philippines. Usually grown as a window or hanging
plicated leaves. The flowers are usually large plant. Propagated by seeds and division of roots
and in terminal recemes sepals and petals are or tubers.
free and sub-equal; the labellum is not spurred
and the column is slender. Palmae
Found in Asia, Australia, Malay Peninsu la,

and the Philippines. There are 6 endemic species
of Spathoglottis in the Philippines.
Corypha elata Roxb.

Classification
Classification
Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida
Class: Liliopsida Order: Arecales
Order: Arecales Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae
Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae Genus: Chamaedorea
Genus: Corypha Species: seifrizii
Species: elata Scientific Name: Chamaedorea seifrizii
Scientific Name: Corypha elata Common Name: Seifritz's palm, sipritsi
Common Name: buri, silag
Description
Description Small, clustering palm to 2.5 m tall, stem is green,
Tall. erect. solitary palm to 30 in tall and to 90 to 2.5 cm in diameter, with distinct annular rings.
cm in diameter. Leaves are very large, sub- Leaves are pinnate, to 60 cm long, petioled.
orbicular, fanlike, with narrow lobes. clustered Leaflets are lanceolate, to 30 cm long, dark green,
at the terminal part of the trunk. Petioles are gracefully arching, and with slightly ribbed
long. stout. grayish when young; petiole bases margins. Fruit is green, turning red to black and
are persistent on the trunk long after the leaf about 1 cm in diameter.
blades have fallen off. Inflorescence is very
large. pyramidal. to 7 m long, and contains Native to South America. Recently introduced
millions of tiny. greenish-white flowers to 6 mm in to the Philippines and is becoming a popular
diameter. Fruit is fleshy and globose: seed is hard. indoor plant.
Native to India. Malay Peninsula. and the

Philippines. Widely distributed in forests at low
and medium altitudes. Occasionally planted in
parks and gardens. This palm lives from 30 to 80
years, flowering only once in its life time. then
dies.
Generic name in Greek means -summit.
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae
Genus: Chrysalidocarpus
Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret Species: lutescens
Scientific Name: Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
Common Name: butterfly palm, palmera, yellow Description
butterfly palm Small, clustering palm, to 3 m tall. Leaves are
glossy, fan shaped, with toothed edges, the
Description petioles are long and armed with curved, black
Slender, graceful, clustering palm, to 4 m tall; horns. Fruit is rounded and red.
trunk is to 8 cm in diameter, green and ringed.
Leaves are to 2 m long, ascending and curved at Indigenous to Java, Malay Peninsula, Mollucas,
the apex, petiole and rachis are yellow or yellow and the Philippines. Grows wild in thickets at low
orange. Leaflets are linear, featherlike, to 40 cm altitude, sometimes near brackish waters in the
long bright green to yellow green and in one plane. Philippines. Planted as an ornamental in Metro
Flowers are small, numerous and white. Fruit is Manila and other urban areas.
numerous, globose, and red to violet-black.
Native to Madagascar. Introduced to the

Philippines in the early 1900s and now widespread
in the country. The juvenile plant can withstand
shade and is popular as an indoor plant.
Commonly planted in parks and lawns.
Propagated by seeds.
The genus name in Greek means “golden fruit”.
Neodypsis decaryi
Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae
Genus: Neodypsis
Species: decaryi
Scientific Name: Neodypsis decaryi
Common Name: false blue palm, triangular palm
Licuala spinosa Description

Solitary palm, to 10 m tall. Trunk is covered by the
Classification leaf bases which are arranged in 3 vertical rows.
Leaves are to 3 m long, with smooth petiole;
Division: Magnoliophyta leaflets are stiff, sharp-pointed, grayish green, to
Class: Liliopsida 60 cm long and to 5 cm wide, and arranged in V
Order: Arecales shape along the rachis. Male and female flowers
Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae are small, yellow, and in separate clusters on the
Genus: Licuala same branch.
Species: spinosa
Scientific Name: Licuala spinosa Native to Madagascar. Recently introduced to the
Common Name: balatbat, spiny licuala Philippines and cultivated in selected gardens in
the metropolis. Grows well in rich, well drained
soil. Sometimes referred to as “blue palm” in the Pinaceae
Philippines.
Rhapis excelsa
Classification Pinus kesiya
Division: Magnoliophyta Classification

Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales Division: Pinophyta
Family: Palmae/ Arecaceae Class: Pinopsida
Genus: Rhapis Order: Pinales
Species: excelsa Family: Pinaceae
Scientific Name: Rhapis excelsa Genus: Pinus
Common Name: bamboo palm, raphis, lady palm, Species: kesiya
rapis Scientific Name: Pinus kesiya
Common Name: Baguio pine, Benguet pine
Description
Suckering and clustering, erect and slender palm Description
to 3 m tall. Stem is canelike, to 4 cm in diameter, Tall trees, to 20 m or more. Branches are
densely matted with black coarse fiber. Leaves are spreading, longest at the base and gradually
palmately divided into linear segments, appearing becoming shorter upwards. Needles are in groups
like a dissected fan; petiole is to 25 cm, stiff or of 3s, dark green, and to 22 cm long. Cones are
arching and smooth. The male and female flowers ovoid, to 8 cm long, brown in color.
are on separate plants in short branches.
Native to Indo-China,Burma and the Philippines.
Native to Southern China. Introduced to the Generally found in high mountains like in Baguio
Philippines in the early 1900s. A sturdy plant that City and other areas of Mountain Province.
tolerates shady places. Popular indoor plant. Popularly cultivated as an ornamental tree and
Propagated by separation of young plants or reforestation species in the highland provinces.
suckers. Occasionally grown in Metro Manila and other
lowly elevated areas but grows poorly.
The genus name in Greek means “needle”.
Piperaceae Classification
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae/ Gramineae
Genus: Bambusa
Species: glaucescens
Scientific Name: Bambusa glaucescens
Common Name: Chinese bamboo, fern leaf
bamboo
Description
Peperomia obtusifolia
Slender bamboo, growing to 3 in or taller. Stems
Classification of young plants are entirely green, to 2 cm in
diameter, enlarging to 2.5 cm or more when
Division: Magnoliophyta mature and bear twigs at the nodes. Leaves
Class: Magnoliopsida are short, lanceolate, to 5 cm long, glabrous,
Order: Piperales deep green, and silver-bluish, with a ring of short
Family: Piperaceae hairs at the base of the leaf.
Genus: Peperomia
Species: obstusifolia Native to Indo-China. Introduced to the
Scientific Name: Peperomia obtusifolia Philippines at an early date. Planted as hedges.
Common Name: pepper face Propagated by division of the clumps.
Rosaceae
Description
Leaves are alternate, fleshy, spatulate-obovate, to
12 cm long and to 5 cm wide, with rounded or
slightly notched apex; the petiole is to 4 cm long.
Spike is to 15 cm long, bearing minute flowers.
Native to tropical America.
Poaceae/Gramineae
Rosa grandiflora
Classification
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species:grandiflora
Bambusa glaucescens Scientific Name: Rosa grandiflora
Common Name: rose Common Names: Don Manuel, fire bush, scarlet
bush
Description
Upright, climbing or creeping shrubs with usually Description
prickly stems. Leaves are alternate, compound, Shrub with numerous side branches, to 5 in tall.
odd-pinnate, or simple and with stipules. Flowers Leaves are opposite, entire, elliptic or ovate, to 10
are solitary or clustered at the end of short cm long. Flowers are scarlet to orange, to 2 cm
branches, with 5, rarely 4 petals and sepals; the long and with tubular corolla. Fruit is an ovoid,
pistils and stamens are numerous. Fruits are many-seeded berry, dark red or purple when ripe.
usually fleshy and berrylike at maturity.
Indigenous to Florida and the West Indies, South
A widely distributed plant in America, Africa and Asia. to Bolivia and Paraguay. Commonly cultivated in
The garden roses cultivated in the Philippines gardens in the Philippines. Prefers open, sunny
include the Hybrid Teas, Floribundas, places. Thrives best in rich, loamy, sandy soil.
Grandifloras, Miniature Climbers and Shrubs. Requires frequent watering. Propagated by stern
Except for Rosa philippinensis Merr., which is cuttings or by seeds.
endemic to the Philippines, all the other roses in
local gardens are introduced. They are of
horticultural origin and are either cultivated
varieties or hybrids. Roses thrive best in open,
sunny locations, with rich, well-drained soil.
Requires frequent watering, and prefers well-
drained, rich soil.
Propagated by stem cuttings, budding, grafting or

marcotting.
Rubiaceae
Ixora coccinea
Classification
Order: Rubiales
Family: Rubiaceae
Genus: Ixora
Species: coccinea
Scientific Name: Ixora coccinea
Common Name: santan pula, tangpupo
Hamelia patens Jacq.
Description
Classification Small shrub, to 3 in tall. Leaves are opposite,
sessile, oblong, the base cordate,fresh green
Division: Magnoliophyta above and pale green below. Flowers are in
Class: Magnoliopsida dense, corymbose clusters, broad corolla lobes,
Order: Rubiales the tube to 4cm long. Flowers are red, white or
pink.
Family: Rubiaceae
Genus: Hamelia Native to the East Indies. A popular hedge plant in
Species: patens the Philippines.
Scientific Name: Hamelia patens
Saxifragaceae Classification
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Brugmansia
Species: candida
Scientific Name: Brugmansia candida
Synonym: Datura arborea
Common Name: angel‟s trumphet
Description
Hydrangea macrophylla
Shrub to small tree, to 3 m or taller. Leaves are
alternate, ovate, with entire or sinuately dentate
Classification margins and soft, fine hair. Flowers are trumpet-
shaped, with pointed ends; corolla lobes are
Division: Magnoliophyta recurving; calyx is tubular and toothed at the
Class: Magnoliopsida margin. Fruit is an irregular, dehiscent capsule.
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae/ Saxifragaceae Native to Peruvian Andes. Very common and
abundant in Baguio City and in the Mountain
Genus: Hydrangea
Provinces in the Philippines. ippines. Does not thrive
Species: macrophylla well in the lowlands. Propagated by seeds or by
Scientific Name: Hydrangea macrophylla stem cuttings.
Common Name: mil-flores, hydrangea
Verbenaceae
Description
Low shrub, to 1.5 m tall Leaves are opposite,
petionled oblong-ovate, acuminate, light green,
with serrate margins Flowers are in large, terminal
cymes; cluster is to 12 cm scross blue, pink, or
white with broadly oval sepals.
Native to eastern Asia. Cultivated in some gardens

in the Philippines. Thrives well in Baguio City and
other high-altitude areas.
Solanaceae
Classification
Order: Lamiales
Family: Verbenaceae
Genus: Lantana
Species: camara
Scientific Name: Lantana camara
Brugmansia candida Common Name: coronitas
Description 45 cm long. Flowers are light yellow, with slender
Small,hairy,branching shrub with angled and corolla tube and to 5 cm long; the corolla lobes are
prickly branches; growing to 2 m tall. Leaves ar e reflexed and the stamens are long and red.
opposite, ovate, acuminate and to 8 cm long;
Native to India. Cultivated in gardens in Baguio
blade is green and hairy on both surfaces and with City and other highly-elevated areas, does not
entire margins. Flowers are clustered in showy thrive well in the lowlands. Prefers rich soil and
heads; the heads are to 3 cm across and constant watering. Propagated by division of -
peduncled. Individual flowers are in various colors hizomes.
of yellow, orange, pink to red, to 1.5 cm long;
corolla tube is slender and cylindric with 4-5 Summary
spreading lobes. Fruits are clustered in an ovoids There are 113 plant species identified belonging to 49
families namely Acanthaceae (7), Agavaceae (7),
head; individual fruit is fleshy, ovoid, green turning
Amaranthaceae (6), Amaryllidaceae (4), Apocynaceae
purple or black. (2), Araceae (6), Asclepedaceae (1), Asteraceae (16),
Balsaminaceae (2), Betulaceae (1), Bignonaceae (1),
Native to tropical America. Widely distributed in Bromeliaceae (2), Cannaceae (2), Caprifoliaceae (1),
Caryophyllaceae (1), Commelinaceae (1),
the Philippines, where it grows in thickets and Convolvulaceae (2), Crassulaceae (1), Cuppressaceae
vacant lots. Commonly cultivated as hedge plant. (1), Cyperaceae (1), Euphorbiaceae (2), Fabaceae (1),
Various cultivars, with flowers ranging from purple Gesneriaceae (2), Poaceae (2), Heliconiaceae (3),
to white, were recently introduced to the country. Iridaceae (1), Lamiaceae (2), Liliaceae (2), Lythraceae
(1), Malvaceae (2), Maranthaceae (2), Moraceae (3),
Musaceae (1), Myrtaceae (3), Nyctaginaceae (1),
Zingiberaceae Nymphaceae (1), Oleaceae (1), Orchidaceae (1),
Oxalidaceae (1), Palmae (6), Pinaceae (1), Piperaceae
(1), Poaceae (1), Rosaceae (1), Rubiaceae (2),
Saxifragaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), Verbenaceae (1)
and Zingiberaceae (1). Plants belonging to family
Asteraceae have the highest number of species.
Conclusion and Recommendations

Indeed, the Botanical garden also known as
Baguio Centennial Park is rich with many beautiful
higher vascular plants comprising of angiosperms
and gymnosperms. Therefore, the identification
and description of these plants is necessary not
only to provide information about them but also to
bring about greater appreciation of nature and the
Hedychium gardenerianum
entire park as a whole. Further study is suggested
on the identification of lower vascular plants like
Classification ferns and non vascular plants such as ferns,
moss, liverworts etc. also newly introduced tree
Division: Magnoliophyta and flowering plant species in the area. Efforts
Class: Liliopsida must be given in the maintenance and protection
Order: Zingiberales of the park. Thus, the biological role of plants
therein must be given high importance aside from
Family: Zingiberaceae
their aesthetic value to man.
Genus: Hedychium
Species: gardenerianum References
Scientific Name: Hedychium gardenerianum
Common Name: kahili ginger Asis, C. (1996). Plants of the Philippines. UP :
University of the Philippines Press.
Description Barnard, R et al. (1971). Reader‟s Digest
Robust, perennial herb to 1 m tall. Leaves Encyclopedia of Garden Plants and Flowers.
are broad-lanceolate, to 45 cm long, smooth, London: The Reader‟s Digest Association
green. Inflorescence is a terminal spike and to Limited
Castro, I. (2006). A Guide to Families of Common
Flowering Plants in the Philippines. Quezon
City: University of the Philippines Press
De Guzman, E. et al., (1986). Guide to Philippine
Flora and Fauna: Dipterocarps and Non
Dipterocarps. Quezon City: Natural
Resources Management Center Ministry of
Natural Resources and University of the
Philippines
Department of Tourism (DOT). 2009. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.tourism.gov.ph/Pages/20100
324RPintoptouristdestinations.aspx
Hayy, R et Synge, P. (1969). The Colour
Dictionary of Garden Plants. Great Britain:
Penguin Group
Israngkura, A. (1996). Ecotourism. TDRI Quaterly
Review: Vol.11 No. 2 pp. 10-15
James, A. (1989). The Best Plants for your
Garden. London: Conran Octopus Limited
Judd, W et al., (2008). Plant Systematics: A
Phylogenetic Approach. China: Sinauer
Associates Inc.
Madulid, D. (2000). A Pictorial Cyclopedia of
Philippine Ornamental Plants. Makati City:
Bookmark Inc.
Merril, E.(1912). A Flora of Manila. Manila: Bureau
of Printing
Porter, C.(1967). Taxonomy of Flowering Plants.
San Francisco: Freeman and Co.
Radford, A.(1986).Fundamentals of Plant
Systematics. New York: Harper and Row
Publishers, Inc.
Rojo, J. et al., (2000). Philippine Erect Bamboos:
A Field Identification Guide. Forest Products
Research and Development Institute
Santos, J. et al., (1986). Guide to Philippine Flora
and Fauna: Bamboos, Grasses and Palms.
Quezon City: JMC Press, Inc.
Steiner, M. (1960). Philippine Ornamental Plants
and their Care. Manila: Carmelo and
Bauermann Inc.
World Tourism Organization (WTO). 1994.
Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Vol. 1.
Madrid.
Zamora, P. et Co, L. (1986). Guide to Philippine
Flora and Fauna: Economic Ferns, Endemic
Ferns and Gymonosperms. Quezon City:
JMC Press Inc.
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TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN

Book · July 2013

Chua, Racquel Tan

Introduction (City Environment and Parks Management Office

Methods and Procedures

Results and Discussion

Pachystachys lutea Nees Description:

Native to Ecuador. A popular ornamental plant in

Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.

Native to Southern India. Cultivated in Laguna

Dracaena surculosa Division: Magnoliophyta

Native to Mexico. Introduced to the Philippines at

The species is native to Ecuador. It is introduced

Allamanda neriifolia Hook. Description

Native to Colombia. Recently introduced to the Division: Magnoliophyta

Native to Brazil and Paraguay. Recently Classification

Indigenous to the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra,

Native to tropical America. In the Philippines, the

Native to Mexico. Succesfully cultivated in Baguio

Genus was named after Professor Andreas Dahl,

Asters are native to America, Europe, Asia, and

Division: Magnoliophyta Division: Magnoliophyta

Native to North America. Introduced to the Philip-

Genus name was derived from the Greek

Bushy perennial herb to 80 cm tall. The leaves are

Native to Mexico and Guatemala. Cultivated

Zinnia elegans jacq.

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A Gray Description

Alnus viridis Description

Native to Brazil. Thrives best in shades.

Division: Magnoliophyta Description

The very striking individual purplish blue flowers

Sambucus javanica Reines. ex Blume

Widely scattered from Indo China, Southeast Asia Classification

Native to Mexico. Recently introduced to the

Native to Madagascar. Widely distributed in the

Description Genus name when translated means “ugly flower,”

Native to tropical America. Common in thicket,

Aeschynanthus javanica Description

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendt. Description

Indigenous to mainland Taiwan, mainland China,

Heliconia humilis Jacq.

Native to Brazil and Trinidad. Cultivated in towns

Division: Magnoliophyta Division: Magnoliophyta

There are numerous species and cultivars of

Genus name in Latin means a “small sword,”

Indigenous in India, extending to Malay Peninsula

Native to Natal. Widely cultivated in the

Native to Mexico. Recently introduced to the

Native to tropical America. Recently introduced to

Division: Magnoliophyta Species was named after Queen Louisia of

Native to tropical America.

Native to tropical Asia. Introduced to the

Morus alba Description

Native to China. Introduced to the Philippines

Myrtaceae The genus name in Greek (psidon) means the

Endemic to Mindanao where they are found in

Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.

Genus is named after Antoine de

Description Native to Brazil. Recently introduced to the

Found in Asia, Australia, Malay Peninsu la,

Corypha elata Roxb.

Native to India. Malay Peninsula. and the