Joyce C.

Casugbo
BPE31

Hiking (without first aid kit)

Sprain
 Ice/ Cold water/ Bottled water
 Cloth/ Shirt
Elevate the foot over the patient’s heart and apply ice to the ankle. If ice is not available,
cold water will suffice. Wrap the ankle with a T-shirt. Wrap tightly enough to provide
stability, but not so tight that circulation to the toes is cut off. Start from the toes and
wrap upward.

Insect Bites
Prevention:
 Use insect repellant cream
 Use appropriate clothes
 Ice
 Towel/ Shirt
 Credit Card (stings)
Avoid scratching the area, since this might lead to bleeding and infection. Clean with
soap and water. Apply a cool compress or calamine lotion to reduce swelling and
itching.
Fracture
 Cloth
 Branches
 Scissors/ Sharp objects to cut cloth
Apply firm pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. Cut away clothing if it
cannot be removed without moving the injured body part.
Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, stick, or a rolled-
up piece of clothing. Cut away clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured
body part. Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, stick,
or a rolled-up piece of clothing
Heat Stroke
 Cloth
  Water
Take off any tight or heavy clothing to allow air to circulate around your body. Use a
wet buff or cloth, or a cold pack to cool your neck and armpits. Fan your skin while it’s
wet to cool it. Drink plenty of water, fruit juice or a rehydration drink if available. This will
replenish lost water and salt.

Obstacle course (With first aid kit)

First Degree Burn

 soaking the wound in cool water for five minutes or longer
 taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief
 applying lidocaine (an anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream to soothe the skin
 using an antibiotic ointment and loose gauze to protect the affected area
Cuts and Abrasion

 Keep the site dry and clean. It may be covered with an occlusive thin film
dressing, which is waterproof and protective.
 Only apply lotions or ointments to the wound if instructed to do so by medical
staff.
 Try not to exert yourself, as physical activity may cause the site to bleed.
 Seek medical advice immediately if the site starts to produce pus, swell or exude
a disagreeable odor.

Laceration

 Apply direct pressure on the area.

 Clean the area with warm water and gentle soap.
 Apply an antibiotic ointment to reduce chance of infection.
 Put a sterile bandage on the area. In some people, antibiotic ointments may
cause a rash
 If this happens, stop using the ointment.

Dislocation

 Rest your dislocated joint. Don't repeat the action that caused your injury, and
try to avoid painful movements.

 Apply ice and heat. Putting ice on your injured joint helps reduce inflammation
and pain. Use a cold pack for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. For the first day or two,
try to do every couple of hours during the day. After two or three days, when the
pain and inflammation have improved, hot packs or a heating pad may help relax
tightened and sore muscles. Limit heat applications to 20 minutes at a time.
  Take a pain reliever. Over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin IB, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), can help
relieve pain.

 Maintain the range of motion in your joint. After one or two days, do some
gentle exercises as directed by your doctor or physical therapist to help maintain
range of motion in your injured joint. Total inactivity can cause stiff joints.

Blister

1. For a Blister That Has Not Popped

 Try not to pop or drain it.
 Leave it uncovered or cover loosely with a bandage.
 Try not to put pressure on the area. If the blister is in a pressure area such as the
bottom of the foot, put a donut-shaped moleskin on it.
2. For a Blister That Has Popped
 Wash the area with warm water and gentle soap. Do not use alcohol, hydrogen
peroxide, or iodine.
 Smooth down the the skin flap that remains.
 Apply antibiotic ointment to the area.
 Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze.

Food Allergies

In these cases, OTC or prescribed antihistamines such as diphenhydramine

(Benadryl) may help reduce symptoms. These drugs can be taken after exposure to an
allergy-causing food to help relieve skin redness, itching, or hives. However,
antihistamines cannot treat a severe allergic reaction.

Asthma attack

 Sit upright. Stop whatever you are doing and sit upright. Bending over or lying
down can constrict your breathing even more.
 Take long, deep breaths. This helps to slow down your breathing and prevent
hyperventilation. Breathe in through your nose and breathe out through your
mouth.
 Stay calm. Staying calm may prevent further tightening of your chest muscles
and make your breathing easier.
 Get away from the trigger. The asthma attack could be triggered by dust,
cigarette smoke or the smell of chemicals (e.g., ammonia, chlorine gas, sulphur
 dioxide). Get away from the trigger as soon as possible and go to an air-
conditioned environment or any place with clean air.
 Take a hot caffeinated beverage. Hot caffeinated drinks like coffee can help to
open up the airways slightly, providing some relief for an hour or two.

Shocked
1. Lay the Person Down, if Possible
 Elevate the person's feet about 12 inches unless head, neck, or back is injured or
you suspect broken hip or leg bones.
 Do not raise the person's head.
 Turn the person on side if he or she is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth.
2. Begin CPR, if Necessary
 If the person is not breathing or breathing seems dangerously weak:
 For a child, start CPR for children.
 For an adult, start adult CPR.
 Continue CPR until help arrives or the person wakes up.
3. Treat Obvious Injuries
4. Keep Person Warm and Comfortable
 Loosen restrictive clothing.
 Cover with coat or blanket.
 Keep the person still. Do not move the person unless there is danger.
 Reassure the person.
 Do not give anything to eat or drink.
Nausea and vomiting

 Drinking gradually larger amounts of clear liquids

 Avoiding solid food until the vomiting episode has passed
 If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, an oral rehydrating solution such
as Pedialyte should be used to prevent and treat dehydration.
 Pregnant women experiencing morning sickness can eat some crackers before
getting out of bed or eat a high protein snack before going to bed (lean meat or
cheese).
 Vomiting associated with cancer treatments can often be treated with another type
of drug therapy. There are also prescription and nonprescription drugs that can be
used to control vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and some
forms of dizziness. However, consult with a doctor before using any of these
treatments.
Diarrhea

Most cases of diarrhea clear on their own within a couple of days without treatment.
If you've tried lifestyle changes and home remedies for diarrhea without success, your
doctor might recommend medications or other treatments.
Emergency action plan
An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document required by particular OSHA
standards. [29 CFR 1910.38(a)] The purpose of an EAP is to facilitate and organize
employer and employee actions during workplace emergencies. Well-developed
emergency plans and proper employee training (such that employees understand their
roles and responsibilities within the plan) will result in fewer and less severe employee
injuries and less structural damage to the facility during emergencies. A poorly prepared
plan, likely will lead to a disorganized evacuation or emergency response, resulting in
confusion, injury, and property damage.

The Primary Survey is a quick way for you to find out if someone has any injuries or
conditions which are life-threatening. If you follow each step methodically, you can
identify each life-threatening condition and deal with it in order of priority.
Only move onto the Secondary Survey if you’ve already done the Primary Survey and
succeeded in dealing with any life-threatening conditions.
Then you can start questioning the casualty about what’s happened and carefully check
someone for any other injuries or illnesses. If you can, jot down everything you find out
and give all this information to the emergency services or whoever takes responsibility
for the child, like a parent.

CPR-Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AR- Artificial Resuscitation
ABC- Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.
RB- Rescue Breathing