MODULE: ETE4164 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

Time 2 hours max. marks= 50

Section A is compulsory; Answer any two from

section B
 SECTION: A

Question: 1 (Compulsory)

1.1. A certain two port network ha the scattering matrix below:

0.26 − 𝑗0.16 0.42

[𝑆] = [ ]
0.42 0.36 − 𝑗0.57
The input and output impedances of the two port network are 50 Ohms. Port 1 is connected d to the
output of a transmission line of characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms. Port 2 is connected to a load
impedance of 𝑍𝐿 =150 Ohms. Answers the following:
a. What is the reflection coefficient at port 1? /4 marks
b. If a signal is incident at Port 1 from the 50 Ohm transmission line, what is the ratio of power
coupled to the load at Port 2 to the power incident at Port 1? /4 marks

1.2. a. Circulators and isolators may be used to avoid some measurements problems. Explain the function
and present some examples of area of use within test, and what is important to consider when
choosing this type of components. /4 marks
b. Explain and give the function of the klystron /4 marks

1.3. Mismatches can be specified in a number of different ways. The most common are:

i) Inserted power (%)

ii) Reflected power (%)
iii) Return Loss (RL)
iv) VSWR
v) Reflection Coefficient; p
If the inserted power is 96%, determine the values of the other mismatch parameters mentioned above. /4
marks
SECTION B
Question: 2

2.1. An electromagnetic plane wave with an electric field intensity, 𝐸 = (𝑢𝑥 − 𝑗𝑢𝑦 )𝑒 −𝑗𝛽𝑧 , propagates in
the +z direction through a lossless dielectric material 𝜇𝑟 = 1) within a velocity 1.5 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 . The
distance between a maximum and minimum of the field is 0.75 cm. Calculate the following:

a. The wavelength of the wave /2 marks

b. the Frequency of the wave /1 mark
c. the propagation constant, 𝛽 /1 mark
d. the relative dielectric constant,, of the material /2 marks
e. The intrinsic impedance of the material /2 marks
f. The magnetic field intensity, /2 marks
g. Poynting vector,P = ExH /2 marks

2.2. A Network Analyzer with S-parameter test set is capable of measuring S-parameters. Explain
𝑆11 , 𝑆12 , 𝑆13 , 𝑆21 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆22 . /3 marks
Question 3

3.1. A directional coupler ha the scattering matrix below:

0 0.98 𝑗0.2 0
0.98 0 0 𝑗0.2
[𝑆] = [ ]
𝑗0.2 0 0 0.98
0 𝑗0.2 0.98 0

Ports 3 and 4 are terminated in matched loads. Port 1 is connected to a microwave generator and the
incident power at port 1 is 1W. Answer the following:

a. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in a matched load?
/3 marks
b. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in a short circuit?
/3 marks
c. What are the power outputs from outputs from ports 3 and 4 if port 2 is terminated in an open circuit?
/3 marks
d. what is the coupling factor of this directional coupler in dB? /1 mark

3.2. a. Differentiate between tunnel diode and Gunn diode. /3 marks

b. Explain why HBT (Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) is a candidate for high frequency purpose
compared to normal BJT (Bipolar junction transistor). /2 marks

Question: 4

4.1. A load impedance 𝑍𝐿 =200-j150 ohm is to be matched to a lossless, air-filled transmission line with a
characteristic impedance Z=50 Ohm at a frequency of 3GHz, using a quarter-wave transformer and a
shunt short circuited stub at the load.

Design the matching network:

a. What is the characteristic impedance, 𝑍𝑞 , of the quarter wave line? /5marks

b. what is the length 𝑙𝑞 of the quarter wave line is air filled? /2 marks
c. What is the shortest length 𝑙𝑠 of the shunt short-circuited stub at the load, if the stub is made from an air
filled transmission line of characteristic impedance 𝑍0 =50Ohm? /4 marks

4.2. The noise floor of certain power meter is equal to -70dBm. When a signal is applied, the meter
displays -65dBm. What is the power of the signal? /4 marks

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