UNIT # 03

STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 1

1. Let initial temperature and pressure are 3  0.082  400
T1 & P1 (T
1  P 1 
) 10. P =
20
P = 4.92 atm

 0.4  w P
11. PV = RT =const.
P 2 =  P1  P1 T 2 =3(T 1 + 1)
 100  Mw wT
4.05 P2
P1 P 
P1 T1 100 T1  2 w  300 w
  w 1 T1 w 2 T2  285
P2 T2  100.4 (T1  1) T 1 = 250 K 2
P 2 = 1.92 MPa
2. N2 + 3H 2  2NH 3 w
1 3 12. PV = M RT
w
0 0 2
w RT 1  0.082  273
Vinitial 4 2 Mw =  M w = 32
 PV 2  0.350
Vfinal 2  1 The mass of one atom (  
)
3. SO2 replaced by O2 (SO2, O2 
) = 16 amu  2.64 × 10 –23 g
P, V, T  same 13. PV = nRT
n  constant n O = n SO
2 2
PV 7.6  10 –10 1
w O2 w SO 2 1 n =  ×
 w O2  w SO 2 RT 760 0.082  273
32 64 2
n  0.0446 × 10 –12
4. At const pressure ( ) V  T The no. of oxygen molecule (
)
V2 T2 = 0.0446 × 10 –12 N A  2.7 × 10 –10
5. V  T 
V1 T1
vol.of O 2 molecule (O 2 )
14.
3 vol.of O 2 molecule at STP (STP   O 2
)
T2 =  3.8  246.4 K T 2 = –26.6°C
3.75
6. Pn  nH P total  (n H +n CH ) 4
2 2 2 4
  8  10 –30  10 3
 3 = 0.09 %
PH 2 w /2 8 22.4 / N A
 
Ptotal w / 2  w / 16 9
3RT 3  8.314  300
10 –10 10 –3 15. U rms = Mw 
7. PV = nRT n =  2  10 –3
760 0.082  293
number of molecules (   
) = U rms = 1934 m/sec.

10 –10  10 –3 T
 6.023  10 23 = 3.29 × 10 6 16. U rms = M T  Mw
760  0.082  293 w

w TNe 20
8. PV = RT 
Mw TO 2 32 T O = 480 K
2
wRT 2.8  0.082  400
Mw =  2RT
PV 1 1 17. U mp =
M
M w =91.84 =92 C7H 8
9. V A = 0.5 dm 3 , V B = 1 dm 3 2  8.314  293
= = 2124 m/sec.
d A = 3 g/dm 3 , d B = 1.5 g/dm 3 1.67  10 –27  6.023  10 23

1 d A RT d B RT
MA = MB PA = 3 PV 3P
2 M A , PB = M B 18. U rms = 
M d
PA d A M B 3
  2  4 3  1.2  10 5
PB d B M A  1.5 = = 300 m/sec.
4
19. M A = 2M B , (U rms ) A = (U rms ) B V1 t 2 M2
28.  =
V2 t1 M1
3 PV P
U rms = U rms 
M M 20 30 32
 =
V1 60 64
(U rms ) A PA M B PA 1
  4 = P 2
(U rms ) B PB M A B V 2 = 14.14 lit.
PA 1
29. r 
PB = 8 : 1 M

3RT 3  8.314  300 1 1 1

20. U rms = = 1 1 1 : :
M 10 –15  6.023  10 23 rN : rH : rHe :: : : ::
2 2 28 2 4 14 1 2
3.52 3.52
U rms = m/sec.  cm/sec. r N : r H : r He :: 1 : 14 : 7
10 3 10 2 2

 0.352 cm/sec. 30. Rate of diffusion      

1
8RT U Avg. 1200
21. U Avg. =  molecular mass ( 
)
M 0.3 300

U Avg. = 0.6 m/sec. PV 40  0.4

33. Z = 
RT 300  0.082
3RT
22. U rms = T  M Z = 0.65
M
36. C x H y + (x + y/4)O 2   xCO 2 + y/2 H 2 O
2RT 1.0 10x 5y
23. U mp =
M
10x = 40 5y = 50

3 x = 4 y =10
24. ET = RT, E R = RT
2 C 4H 10
37. CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O
3 5 5
E total = RT + RT = RT = × 300 × 8.314
2 2 2 13
38. C 4 H 10 + O  4CO 2 + 5H 2 O
2 2
= 6235.5 J
13
3 3 N 58 gm  32
25. K.E. = nRT x = 2  N × 150 × R 2
2 A
13
58 g CH4 required vol. of O2 at NTP =  22.4 lit
3 N' 2
2x =  × 300 × R N' = N
2 NA
(NTP  58 g CH4 O2  )
3 1000 g CH 4 required vol. of O 2 at NTP=
26. K.E. = nRT
2
13 22.4
  1000
K.E 3 8 300  8.314 2 58
=   2
Molecule 2 16 NA (NTP  1000 g CH4 O2  )
= 2510 litre
= 6.21 × 10 –21 J/molecule
47. Extent of i ntermolecular hydrogen bondi ng
r1 M2 64 4 increasing the viscosity.
27.   
r2 M1 44 11 (
)
STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 2
3W RT W RT PO 2 1 dRT
7. P total = PO =  7.71  0.082  309
32 V 2 32 V Ptotal 3 31. P = M Mw 
w 2.88
9. K.E.  T M w = 67.83 Molecular formula = ClO 2
PVm Vm 1
11. Z = 1 V m < 22.4L 36. rate of diffusion 
PV 22.4 Molar mass
2  0.82  546 rHe M CO 28
12. PV = nRT P = = =  2.65
44.8 rCO M Hr 4
P = 2 atm
rHe M SO 2 64
= = 4
3RT rCO M He 4
13. U rms = Mw 3
39. K.E. = nRT nT = const
2
dRT
14. P = M 0.3 × T = 0.4 × 400 T = 533.33 K
w
dT = const d 1T 1 = d 2T 2 4 3
d × 300 = 0.75 d × T 2 40. V = r
3
T 2 = 100 × 4  400 K
(U rm s ) O 3 4
3RT 32 2 Vm =   × (10 –10 ) 3 × 6.023 × 10 23
15. U rms = Mw (U rm s ) O 2 = 48  3 3

16. Lowest pressure and highest temperature V m = 2.52 × 10 –6 m 3

19. 2H 2S (g) + SO 2 (g)  2H 2O ( l ) + 3S (s) V m 2.52 mL
2.8 1.6 1
41. Rate of diffusion 
H 2 S is limiting reagent molar mass
SO 2 remaining = 1.6 – 1.4  0.2 lit 11 13
42. Cv = R ; Cp = R
1 2 2
20. Rates of diffusion 
Molar Mass 43. N2 + 3H 2  2NH 3
n P 11 12
22. PV = nRT P' V = RT P' =
2 2 9 6 4
1 Volume remaining after injected water
26. r  rC H 4 = 2 r x
M = 20 – 3.58 = 16.42
rCH 4 Mx Mx
 All NH 3 dissolve in water PV = nRT
rx M CH 4 4 =
16 P × 16.42 = 15 × 0.0821 × 300
M x  64
P = 22.5 atm
(U rms ) SO 2 M He 4 1
28. =  44. Let T1 > T2 ; final pressure will be same, let x mole
(U rms ) He M SO 2 = 64 4 = 0.25 transfer from A to B vessel.
t2 M2  P AV = (n--x) RT 1 ...(1)
1 
29. r  t1 M1 and P AV = (n + x) RT 2 ...(2)
M
n(T1 – T2 )
60 X X 4 X 16  x =
     T1  T2
45 40 40 3 40 9
nRT1
X = 71.11 finally P1 × 2V = 2nRT1 ; V = put eq. ......(1)
P1
30. P 1V 1 = P 2V 2 1 × 550 = P 2 × 600
nRT1  n – n(T1 – T2 )  RT
5 5  PA × =  1
(T1  T2 ) 
P2 = atm P 2 =  760    P 2 = 633.33 mm P1 
6 6
2P1 T2
Pressure decrease  760 – 633.33  126.67 mm PA = T  T
1 2
 1 atm 47. Density of air at sea level,
45. P  d; P = kd and k =
1 metre
29  1 1
1 3  d0 =  g/L
PV = nRT ; kd  d   nRT ; 0.0821  290 0.821
6 
4
d1 n 1 1 density at 831 m = d
 ; = n 1 /n 2 ; n 2 = 256
d 24 n 2 4 4
46. % relative humidity –
 29 10 3  10  831 

– Mgh / RT 1  8.31  290 
Partialpressure of H 2 O d0e  e  

=  100 0.821
Vapourpressure of H 2 O
PH O 1 .9
75 = 2  100     P H O = 22.5 torr ;   e –0.1  g/L
30 2
0.821 0.821
(22.5)
% of H 2O vapour in air =  100 = 2.96
760 Let x be number of balloons
29  97.04  2.96  18
molar mass of wet air =
100  10 3 × g + x × 40 g
2814.16  53.28
= = 28.67
100 0.9
PM 1  28.67 = × 8.21 × g × x  x = 20 balloons
density of wet air=  =1.164g/L 0.821
RT 0.0821  300

STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 3

Comprehension # 2
PVm zRT
1. 200 < T B < 1000 3. Use z =  Um 
RT P
a
 200 < < 1000 = 0.065 L
Rb
a 4. 
 400 cal <
b
< 2000 cal 
a 1  Pb b
 0.4 k cal mol –1 < < 2 k cal mol –1 5. Z= , z 
b RT RT
Pb
2.  Z = 1 +
RT

= 10–3 atm–1

STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 4[A]

 3.6  4 3 0.75
P × r =  RT ...........(ii)
1. P × 8 =   × R × T ... (i) 3 4
 M 
from eq.(i)/(ii) (10) 3 1 4 3
3
   r = 3  10
r 0.75 3 4
 3.0 
P × 8 =   × R (T + 15) ... (ii)
 M  r = 9.0856 cm
3. P × 30 = 0.5 × 38 × 60 × 1 P = 38 atm
3.6 × T = 3 (T + 15)
4. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2       6CO 2+6H 2 O
45
= 3T + 45  T = = 75 K  0.2 
0.6 0.08928 mole    60 mole 0.53568 mole
 22.4 
3.6 0.0821  75 = 16.071 gm = 11.999 lit
 P =   0.062 atm
44 8
 12 4 9 
5. P × 1 =     × 0.0821 × 300 = 66.74
4 1   28 2 32 
2. P × (10) 3 =   R  T ... (i)
3 4  atm
from eq. (i)/(ii) P = 66.74 atm
  10 64 
6. P × 10 =    × 0.0821 × 473 75 M
 2 32  17.(i)   M = 32.1428 gm/mole
 P = 27.1833 atm 70 28
= 27.54 × 10 5 N/m 2
1 3 RT 3  8.314  273
H2 + O    H 2O() (ii) v = = = 460.28 m/s
2 2 M 32.1428  10 –3
5 2
(5–4) – 4 3 RT 8 R  300
18. 3 =
P × 10 = 5 × 0.0821 × 473 64  10   32  10 –3
P × 19.4166 atm = 19.66 × 10 5 N/m 2
8  300  64
60 P 17 T = = 509.29 K = 236.29°C
7.   P = 2.1979 atm 3  32  
40 1 36.5

3P 3  1.01325  10 5
x (32  6  19) 19.(a) u rms =  = 493.03 m/s
8.    x ~ 228 Ans. d 1.2504
100 28

d NO 32 8 1.01325  10 5
9.   d NO = 50.8 cm (b) u avg =  = 454.259356
100  d NO 30  1.2504
(c) u mp = 403 m/s
t2 M2 2 20. Use the results :
10.  
t1 M1 28  t 2 = 0.2672 hr ~ 16 min
3RT1 8RT2 2RT3
21.    1500 m / s
234 M mix M M M
 100
11.  M mix = 34.92 =
224 32 80 20

32 M  T1  2886K rms

M = 46.6 Ans.  T2  3399K avg.
 T  4330K m.p.
 3
0.3 17 dP
12. (a) =   0.325 torr/sec
(dP / dt) 20 dt
3/4
1  M 
(b) M avg = 0.30 × 4 + 0.2 × 32 + 0.5 × 28 = 22. dN  4    e  Mu
2
/ 2RT
.u 2 du
21.6 N  2 RT 

dP 21.6 dP u  0.995 u mp

 0.3  = 0.3387 torr/sec putting 
dt 17 dt
 du  0.01 u mp
13. Hint :
P = P 0 e –Mgh/RT 1
dN  8.303  10 3
3
28.8 10 9.8 10 10 3 N

14. P = (101.325) e 8.314 243 = 25.027 kPa 23. Similar as Q.22
15. If it melts then (
) T > 1800 K
 22  0.0821  298.15
25 .(a) P=   atm =2.479× 10 3 kPa
250  V PV 250  44  0.5
n = =  P = 1800 ×
R  300 R  1800 300
 2 
P = 1500 kPa 1 
6 3  P     363.76   1 42.67 
1500 kPa > 10 Pa (or 10 kPa) 2 
(b)    0.5   
so it will blow up before melt. (   
  0.5 2 

 2 1000 


)
M 9.8 1 1
P0  =  8.3187  298.15 kPa
16.  P0 e 8.314 298 2
2
M = 175.133 kg mole –1 P = 2225.55 kPa
 800  1 31. Hint : low density 
 high molar volume
26. 1.95 = .........(i)
nR  223 (
) (Vm)
lim
200  V
1.10 = .........(ii) Vm  
nR  373
 9  6.7 
1.95 800 1 373 32.  15   (10 – 3 × 0.0564) = 3 × 0.0821
    V = 3.77 lit (10)2 
1.10 200 V 223 
× T
10.1325  10 5  100  10 3  T = 623.5 K  T = 350.5°C
27. 0.927 =
n  8.314  273.15 33.(i) P × 12 = 15 × 0.0821 × (273 + 30)n
w = n × 32 = 15.40 × 10 3 gm = 15.40 kgm P = 31.1 atm
28. Hint : At critical temp (TC) and critical pressure (PC)
O 2 will behave ideally.
 (15)2  0.2107 
(ii) P   (12 – 15 × 0.0171)
(12)2
(
(TC)  (PC)  O2   

 ) = 15 × 0.0821 × (273 + 30) P = 31.4 atm

29.(i) find TC (TC  )  nRT2 nRT1 

34. 1000 × g = e   g
(ii) large value of b  largest molecular vol. (b    P P 
 ) nR  M
(T2  T1 )
(iii) least value of a and b (a  b   ) 1000 = R T1

P 35. Q = C V (1000 – 500) + C V (1500 – 1000)

30. Reduced pressure. (  
) Pr =  2.99 1 2
PC
3R 3R   3R 3R 
=    × 500 +    3R  (500)
 2 2   2 2 
T
Reduced temperature () Tr = T  1.90 = 1500 R + 3000 R = 4500 R
C

STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 4[B]

1 1h 1 = 2h 2 ,  V = 1.683 L for 6 min.
In one hour (  ),
h 1 = 37 × 2 = 74 mm oxygen consumption per min (   
1.034 × 74 = 13.6 × h 2 1.683 0.28L
h 2 = 5.626 mm of Hg 
) = = = 280 mL/min
6 min
Let moles of water vapour initially (  
5.626
P = atm / hr. PV = nRT 3.
760
5.626

) = n1
 0.016 = n × 0.821 × 310
760 Let moles of water vapour Finally (
n = 4.653 × 10 –3 mole/hr. 
) = n2
rate of O 2 consumption = n × 22400 cm 3
17.5  0.8  V 6.5  V
= 0.104 cm 3 /m n1 =   n 2 =
R  293 R  277
(O2   )   mm3/hr.
= 104
n1
2. P = 750 – 17.5 = 732.5 torr = 2.036
n2
T = 20°C = 293 K
n2
Inhaled (   )
O 2 = 52.5 × 0.2032 = 0.491
n1
Exhaled( ) O 2 = 52.5 × 0.1675 so fraction of water vapour condensed
P1 V1 P2 V2 n2
so at STP  = 1 – = 0.509
T1 T2 n1
732.5  52.5 (0.2032  0.1675) 760  V (
)
=
293 273
 8RT 8. NH 3 (g) + HCl(g)  NH 4 Cl(s)
4. Average velocity (  
) = = 4 × 10 2
M Moles 0.08 0.26 0

RT 0 0.18 0.08
 = 2 × 10 4  RT = 2M × 10 4
M  Q = 0.08 × 4300 = 3440 J
Total K.E. of He
3440
Also, Q = nC v T    T = = 955.55
6 3 9 9 0.18  20
=  RT  RT  .2 × 4 × 10–3 × 104=180J
4 2 4 4 T final (T ) = 1255.55 K
Total K.E. of Ne 0.18  0.082  1255.55
Pfinal (P ) =
12 3 9 9 1.8
=  RT  RT  × 2 × 20 × 10 –3 × 10 4
20 2 10 10
= 360 J = 10.3 atmosphere (   ) 
Average K.E. per mol (   
K.E.) = 9. b=39.1cm 3mole –1=39.1× 10 –6m 3 mole–1 = 4V × NA
4 3
(360  180)  39.1 × 10 –6 = 4 × r × 6.023 × 10 23
= 807.84 J 3
1.5  0.5
r = 1.57 × 10 –10 m
5. V – b = RT = 100 (0.011075 V – b) = 1.1075
 = 2r = 3.14 × 10 –10 m = 314 pm
99b
V – 100b     V =  921b
0.0175 8RT 8  8.314  298
 920 b = RT µavg. = = = 474.8 m/sec.
M 3.14  28  10 3
4 3
 b = 24.33 cm3 mol–1 = 4 × r × 6.023 × 1023
P 10 3  101325
3 N*= = =3.24× 10 19
23
 r = 13.4 × 10 –9 cm = 134 pm kT 760  1.38  10  298
RT
6. V =  B = 2.058 L. Also, for the given 1 1
P 1 = =
2 2 N * 2  3.14  (3.14  10 10 )2  3.24  1019
equation (
) :
PB 10( 0.1814) = 0.0705 m = 7.05 cm
Z = 1 + = 1 + = 0.918
RT 0.082  273
From vander Waal's equation, for Z < 1, Z Z 1 = 2  2 UN* 2 × 3.14 × (3.14 × 10 –10 ) 2 ×
a 474.8 × 3.24 × 10 19 = 6739.4 sec –1

Z < 1 , Z = 1 –
VRT
1 Z1 N * 6739.4  3.24  10 19
a Z11 = 2 UN* = =
 = 0.082  a = 3.77 bar L 2 mol – 2 2 2 2
VRT
P t = 1.09 × 10 23 m –3 sec –1 = 1.09 × 10 17 cm –3 sec –1
dP KP  dP K
7.
dt

M
 
P0
P

M0
 dt 10.  = 2.6 × 10 –5 m,  = 0.26 nm = 2.6 × 10 –10 m
T = 300 K
 P  Kt 4K 1
 ln  0    ln 4 =  2K  =
P  M 4 2 2 N *
10 K
ln    P He = 7.07 atm 1
P 2 2.6 × 10 –5 =
2  3.14  (2.6  10 10 ) 2  N *
P  Kt P  Kt
Also, ln  0   and ln  0   N* = 1.281 × 10 23 m –3
 P He 2  P CH 4 4
2 P
P  P  10 100 N* =
  0  =  0    2 KT
 P He  P CH 4 7.07 PCH 4

P = 1.281 × 10 23 × 1.38 × 10 –23 × 300

 PCH 4  8.4 atm P = 530.3 Pa
11. V, n, T  same ( ) so P  also same ( (
1.66 atm
P 
) 
1.0375 
)
  same () 1.66  0.5
1.66 – 1.66 × 0.5 + = 1.0375
1 n
given (vrms ) x = (v avg.) CH
4
6 0.83
0.83 +  1.0375  n = 4
3 n
& v rms = (v avg. ) so
8 14. Each time Sabu sucks air, volume of CO become
3 1 Half so
(v avg.) x = (v )
8 6 avg. CH 4
(
CO 
(v avg. )x

8 . 1

2 
)
(v avg. ) CH 4 3 6 3 
n
1 
5(0.5) n < 0.001
For X ( ) :
5  < 0.001
Z1 = 22 (v avg.) x N* 2 
For CH 4 () : Z1 =  2 (v avg.) CH N* log 5 + n log 0.5 < log 10 –3
4
since T, P, v, n are same, N* will also be same.
log 5 – 0.3 n < –3 0.3n > 3 + log 5
Z 1 (x) (v avg. ) x 2
= 2 = 2. n > 12.3 n = 13
Z 1 (CH 4 ) (v avg. ) CH 4 3 
15. P lower = P upper + P piston
2 2 Temp.=300K
Z 1(x) = Z 1 (CH 4 ) .
3  R  300 5 R  300 4V
5 = +P piston 5 1 mole
12. CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O V 4
n CH 4 V
1 5 1 mole
Initially 
n O2

192 15 R  300 Initial
 = P piston ... (1)
n CH 4 4 V
1
Finally ( 
) n O2

6 P lower = P upper + P piston Temp. = T
n
1 1  32  3V
   4 RT 4 RT 4 1 mole
6 192  16  = + P piston
V 3
32 = 2 n/2 V
4 1 mole
5 = n/2  n = 10 steps 8 RT Final
Let initial moles of CH 4  x so after 10 steps = P piston ... (2)
V
(CH4  
x 10 
)
10
x(0.9) × 100 = 1000 From equation (1) & (2)
10 15 R  300 8RT 4500
x =  27.78 mole    T = = 421.9 K
0.36 4 V V 32
moles of O2 initially (
O2  
)
16.(i) Let initial volume of mixture is V L then
= 192 × 27.78 = 5333.3 moles
nR (
V L 
)
13 .(a) Slope of P & T graph is
V H 2  0.5 V, CO  0.45 V, CO 2  0.05 V
n Th.R
so = 3.2 – 1.54 = 1.66 On reaction with excess steam ( 
V
n exp .R 
)
= 2.2875 – 1.25 = 1.0375
V CO + H2O  CO 2 + H2
n exp . 1.0375
so  = 0.625 0.045V – 0.05V 0.95V
n Th. 1.66
(b) nA   
 An with 50% yield (  
) – – 0.5V 0.95V
Theoretical increase in pressure with temp. should 0.95 V = 5
be 1.66 atm but actually it is 1.0375 only so.
V = 5.263 L
(ii) Molecular mass of initial mixture ( A 2B
18. PV = RT – 
 ) V V2

M = 0.5 × 2 + 0.45 × 28 + 0.05 × 44 = 15.8 RTV 2 A 2B

V3 –  V = 0
P P P
PM = RT At critical point [
] (V – Vc)3 = 0

1 × 15.8 =  × 0.0821 × 273 V 3 – 3V c V 2 + 3V c 2 V – V c 3 = 0

  = 0.7 g/L so on comparision ( ) 

3V c 2 = A/P .......(i)
(iii) Volume of CO2 = 0.5 V = 0.5 × 5.263 = 2.6315L
3V c = RT/P .......(ii)
2.6315
moles of CO 2 = = 0.1174 V c 3 = 2B/P .......(iii)
22.4
(3) V 2B
moles of KOH required = 0.1174 × 2 = 0.2349 On   c 
(1) 3 A
moles of Ca(OH) 2 required = 0.1174  V c = 6B/A

moles of OH – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2 required from equation (i)

2
 6B  A3
( OH – CH 2 – CH 2 – NH 2  
) 3  = A/P c      Pc =
 A  108B 2
= 0.1174 × 2 = 0.2349 3Pc Vc 3  A
3
  6B 
from equation (ii) T c = =  2  
R R  108 B   A 
17.(i) Let (
) n = mT + C
A 3 6B
2 = 300 T + C & 3 = 200 T + C 2 .
A PV 2 1
Tc =  Z = c c = 108B 2 A =
1 6RB RTc A 3
On solving ( ) m = –
R.
, C = 5 6RB
100
19. 14 g N2       0.5 mole
T
So () n = 5 T = 200 k, P=8.21 atm
100
Pc Vc 3 Pr Vr
 T   ,  2.2
(ii) PV = nRT  1 × V =   5  RT RTc 8 Tr
 100 

RT 2 P V
 V = –  5RT Pr = , Vr = , T r = T/T c so,
100 Pc Vc

(iii) For max. volume ( )

(Pc Pr ) (Vc Vr ) 3 PV 3
=  2.2    2.2
R (Tc Tr ) 8 RT 2
dv –2RT
= 0  + 5R = 0, T = 250
dT 100
3 2.2  0.0821  200
V =  = 1.65 L
–R (250) 2 8 8.21
V = + 5 × 250 R = – 625 R + 1250
100
so volume of 0.5 mole N 2 ( 0 .5 N 2 
R = 625 R = 625 × 0.0821 L = 51.3125 L
) = 1.65 × 0.5 = 0.825 L
STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 5[A]
1. PV = nRT (number of moles = nV)
 n/V = P/RT
2. Value of gas constant
(R) = 0.0821 L atm K –1 mol –1
= 8.314 × 10 7 ergs K –1 mol –1
= 8.314 JK –1 mol –1 = 1.987 cal K –1 mol –1

3
K  313 313
K.E.of neon at 40 C 2
5. = =
K.E.of neon at 20 C 3 293
K  293
2

6. In van der waals equation 'b' is for volume correction

STATE OF MATTER EXERCISE # 5[B]

2. The expression of root mean square speed is Divide (ii) by (i),
3RT P1 1.29  600
U rms = 
M 1 1.08  300
Hence, 1.29  2
P1 = = 2.38 atm.   2.4 atm.
1/2 1.08
U rms (H 2 )  3R (50K ) /(2 g mol 1 ) 
=  1  = 1 6. TIPS/formulae :
U rms (O 2 )  3R (800K ) /(32 g mol )  Use vander Waal's equation
r1 M2 Real gas equation for on mole is given as
3. Under identical condition, 
r2 M1  a   a  RT
 P  2  (V – b) = RT or  P  2  = V  b
V V
As rate of diffusion is also inversely proportional
RT a RT a
t M2  P = – 2 = –
to time, we will have, 2  V b V  b V2
t1 M1 V 1  
 V
4 1
(a) This, For He, t 2 = (5s) = 5 2 s  10s  b a
2  PV = RT  1   –
 V V
32  b b2  a
(b) For O 2 , t 2 = (5s) = 20s
2 = RT  1  V  2 .....  V
 V 
28 (using binomial expansion)
(c) For CO, t 2 = (5s)  25s
2  b  a / RT b 2 b 3 
PV = RT  1   2  3  ..... ..... (i)
44  V V V 
(d) For CO 2 , t 2 = (5s)  55s
2 Given equation :
4. 
N 2O 4(g)  
 2NO 2 (g)  B 
PV = RT  1   ..... ...... (ii)
At start 100/92 mol 0 V
= 1.08 mol b  a / RT
Comparing (1) and (2), we get, B =
At equilibrium 80/92 mol 20/46 mol V
= 0.86 mol = 0.43 mol 8. According to Graham's law of diffusion for two
According to ideal gas equation, at two conditions gases undergoing diffusion at different pressures
At 300 K; throught same hole
P 0 V = n 0 RT 0 rA M B PA
1 × V = 1.08 × R × 300 ..... (i)  
rB M A PB
At 600 K;
P 1 V = n 1 RT 1  1 
 r  P  M At cons tan t temperature 
P 1 × V = (0.86 + 0.43) × R × 600 ..... (ii)  
9. Weight of gas = 50.5 – 50 17. Van der Waals equation for one mole of a gas is

w  a 
using, PV = nRT = RT P  V 2  (V  b)  RT ..... (1)
m  
Given that volume occupied by CO 2 molecules,
760 100 0.5  0.5  'b' = 0

760 1000
= × 0.082 × 300 n  m 
m   Hence, (1) becomes
 Molecular weight of gas (m) = 123 a 
 RT a
10. Van der Waals equation for n moles of gas is P  V 2  V = RT or P = V – V 2
 
 n2a  Using R = 0.082, T = 273 K, V = 22.4  for 1
P  2  [V – nb] = nRT mole of an ideal gas at 1 atm pressure
 V 
0.082  273 3.592
Given V = 4 litre; P = 11.0 atm, T = 300 K;  P = – = 0.9922 atm
22.4 (22.4)2
b = 0.05 litre mol –1 , n = 2
PV
 22 a  19. We know that, Compressibility factor, Z =
Thus, 11  2  [4 – 2 × 0.5] = 2 × 0.082 × 300 RT
 4 
100  V
  a = 6.46 atm litre 2 mol –2 0.5 =
0.082  273
12. We know that
 V = 0.1119 L
r1 M 2 P1 n t M 2 P1 Note : Further when volume of a gas molecule is
  or 1  2 = 
r2 M 1 P2 t1 n 2 M 1 P2 negligible, Van der Waal's equation becomes
1 57 M 0.8  a 
or × = ×  P  2  (V – 0) = RT
38 1 28 1.6 V
a
  M = 252 or PV = RT – or a = RTV – PV 2
V
 Xe  (F ) x  252 Substituting the values

131  19 x  252 ;  x  6 a= (0.082× 0.1119× 273)–(100× 0.1119× 0.1119)
Thus compound of xenon with fluorine is XeF 6 = 1.253 and L 2 mol –2
13. For an ideal-gas behaviour, the molecules of a gas 21. (a) d = 0.36 kgm –3 = 0.36 g/L
should be far apart. the factors favouring this (i) From Graham's Law of diffusion
condition are high temperature and low pressure.
rv M O2 32
14. TIPS/Formulae : = ; 1.33 =
PV rO 2 Mv Mv
Compressibility factor of ideal gas (Z) =
nRT
For one mole of ideal gas at STP 32
  M v = = 18.09
P  22.4 (1.33) 2
Z =
RT Where M v = MW of the vapour
P  Vm
For other gases Z < 1 and Z = 0.36
RT (ii) Thus, 0.36 g = mol
   V m < 22.4 litres 18.09
Alternate solut ions 0.36
mol occupies 1 L volume, so 1 mole
(PV) Observed /(PV) Ideal < 1 18.09
 V obs < V ideal, V obs < 22.4 litre. occupies
15. TIPS/Formulae : 18.09
L = 50.25 L
0.36
3RT
U rms = Thus, molar volume of vapour = 50.25 L
M
Assuming ideal behaviour the volume of the
3RTH 2 3RTN 2 vapour can be calculated by
= 7 ;
2 28 V1 V 500
= 2  V 2 = 22.4 × = 41.025 L
 TN 2  2TH 2 or TN 2  TH 2 T1 T 273
2
 (iii) Compressibility factor (Z) 25. The Van de Waal equation (for one mole) of a real
gas is
(PV ) obs 1  50.25
= (PV ) = = 1.224  a 
ideal 1  41.025  P  V 2  (Vm  b)  RT
m
(iv) Z is greater than unity, hence it is the short
a ab
range repulsive force that would dominate PV m – Pb + V – V 2 = RT
m m
( actual density is less than given density)
a ab
3 3 8.31 PV m = RT + Pb – V + V 2 ..... (i)
(b) E = KT = × × 100 m m
2 2 6.02  10 23
Note This step : To calculate the intercept P 
= 2.07 × 10 –20 J per molecule 0, hence Vm  due to which the last two terms
( K, Boltzmann constant = R/N) on the right side of the equation (I0 can be
22. TIPS/Formulae : neglected.
3RT 8RT  PV m = RT + Pb
C rms = , C av =
M M When P = 0, intercept = RT
26. TIPS/Formulae :
C rms 3RT M 3
    1.085 Use Grahms' law of diffusion
C av M 8RT 8
C rms = 1.085 × C av = 1.085 × 400 = 434 ms –1 rHe M CH 4 16
= = = 2
24. For positive deviation : PV = nRT + nPb rCH 4 M He 4
PV Pb Pb
  1 27. For gas A, a = 0, Z = 1 + implies Z varies
nRT RT RT
Thus, the factor nPb is responsible for increaseing linearly with pressure.
the PV value, above ideal value, b is actually the a
effective volume of molecule. So, it is the finite size For gas B, b = 0, Z = 1 – . Hence, Z does
VRT
of molecules that leads to the origin of b and hence not vary linearly with pressure.
positive deviation at high pressure.