EOS Database Administration L3 & L4

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD
DATABASE ADMINISTRATION
NTQF Level III and IV
Ministry of Education
August 2011
Introduction
Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its TVET-System. Within the policies
and strategies of the Ethiopian Government, technology transformation – by using
international standards and international best practices as the basis, and, adopting,
adapting and verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element. TVET is
given an important role with regard to technology transfer. The new paradigm in the
outcome-based TVET system is the orientation at the current and anticipated future
demand of the economy and the labor market.
The Ethiopia Occupational Standard (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET-Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National
TVET-Qualification Framework (NTQF).They are national Ethiopia standards, which
define the occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a specific
occupation without taking TVET delivery into account.
This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.
A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a standard

format that comprises:
• Occupational title and NTQF level
• Unit code
• Unit title
• Unit descriptor
• Elements and Performance criteria
• Variables and Range statement
• Evidence guide
Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor in determining
whether the candidate is competent.
The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the respective
occupation with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
• chart with an overview of all Units of Competence for the respective level including
the Unit Codes and the Unit Titles
• contents of each Unit of Competence (competence standard)
• occupational map providing the technical and vocational education and training
(TVET) providers with information and important requirements to consider when
designing training programs for this standards and for the individual, a career path
Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

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Copyright Ethiopian Occupational Standard August 2011
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Database Administration
Occupational Code: EIS DBA
NTQF Level IV
EIS DBA4 01 0811 EIS DBA4 02 0811 EIS DBA4 03 0811

Plan and Organize Contribute to the Assist with Policy
Work Development of Development
Strategy

Monitor and Support Apply Object-Oriented Use Advanced
Data Conversion Programming Structured Query
Language Skills Language

Determine Suitability of Perform Database Monitor and
Database Functionality System Test Administer Database
and Scalability

Identify and Resolve Migrate to New Establish Quality
Database Performance Technology Standards
Problems

Utilize Specialized Develop Team and Manage and Maintain
Communication Skills Individuals Small/Medium
Business Operations
EIS DBA4 16 1012

Manage Continuous
Improvement System

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NTQF Level III

Gather Data to Identify Identify Physical Design a Database
Business Database
Requirements Requirements

Use Basic Structured Design Program Test Physical
Query Language Logic Database
Implementation

Complete Database Create Technical Model Data Objects
Backup and Recovery Documentation

Monitor Apply Quality Control Lead Small Teams
Implementation of
Workplan/Activities

Lead Workplace Improve Business Maintain Quality
Communication Practice System and Continuous
Improvement Processes
(Kaizen)

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NTQF Level IV

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Occupational Standard: Database Administration Level IV
Unit Title Plan and Organize Work
Unit Code EIS DBA4 01 0811
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude required in
planning and organizing work. It may be applied to a small
independent operation or to a section of a large organization.
Elements Performance Criteria
1. Set objectives 1.1 Objectives are consistent with and linked to work activities in
accordance with organizational aims
1.2 Objectives are stated as measurable targets with clear time
frames
1.3 Support and commitment of team members are reflected in
the objectives
1.4 Realistic and attainable objectives are identified
2. Plan and 2.1 Tasks/work activities to be completed are identified and
schedule work prioritized as directed
activities
2.2 Tasks/work activities are broken down into steps in
accordance with set time frames achievable components in
accordance with set time frames
2.3 Resources are allocated as per requirements of the activity
2.4 Schedule of work activities is coordinated with personnel
concerned
3. Implement 3.1 Work methods and practices are identified in consultation
work plans with personnel concerned
3.2 Work plans are implemented in accordance with set time
frames, resources and standards
4. Monitor work 4.1 Work activities are monitored and compared with set
activities objectives
4.2 Work performance is monitored
4.3 Deviations from work activities are reported and
recommendations are coordinated with appropriate
personnel and in accordance with set standards
4.4 Reporting requirements are complied with in accordance with
recommended format
4.5 Observe timeliness of report
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4.6 Files are established and maintained in accordance with
standard operating procedures
5. Review and 5.1 Work plans, strategies and implementation are reviewed
evaluate based on accurate, relevant and current information
work plans
5.2 Review is based on comprehensive consultation with
and activities
appropriate personnel on outcomes of work plans and
reliable feedback
5.3 Results of review are provided to concerned parties and
formed as the basis for adjustments/simplifications to be
made to policies, processes and activities
5.4 Performance appraisal is conducted in accordance with
organization rules and regulations
5.5 Performance appraisal report is prepared and documented
regularly as per organization requirements.
5.6 Recommendations are prepared and presented to
appropriate personnel/authorities
5.7 Feedback mechanisms are implemented in line with
organization policies
Variable Range
Objectives • Specific
• General
Resources • Personnel • Supplies and materials
• Equipment and • Sources for accessing specialist advice
technology • Budget
• Services
Schedule of work • Daily • Regular
activities • Work-based • Confidential
• Contractual • Disclosure /Non-disclosure
Work methods • Work methods and practices may include but not limited to:
and practices • Legislated regulations and codes of practice
• Industry regulations and codes of practice
• Occupational health and safety practices
Work plans • Daily work plans • Resource plans
• Project plans • Skills development plans
• Program plans • Management strategies and
• Organization strategic objectives
and restructuring plans

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Standards • Performance targets
• Performance management and appraisal systems
• National competence standards
• Employment contracts
• Client contracts
• Discipline procedures
• Workplace assessment guidelines
• Internal quality assurance
• Internal and external accountability and auditing requirements
• Training Regulation Standards
• Safety Standards
personnel/ • Management
authorities • Line Staff
Feedback Include:
mechanisms • Verbal feedback • Questionnaire
• Informal feedback • Survey
• Formal feedback • Group discussion
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competence • set objectives
• planned and scheduled work activities
• implemented work plans
• monitored work activities
• reviewed and evaluated work plans and activities
Underpinning • Organization’s strategic plan, policies rules and regulations,
Knowledge laws and objectives for work unit activities and priorities
• Organizations policies, strategic plans, guidelines related to
the role of the work unit
• Team work and consultation strategies
Underpinning • Planning and Organizing
Skills • Leading and Coordinating
• Presentation skills and Communication Skills
• Inter-and intra-person/motivation skills
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications • Workplace or fully equipped location with necessary tools and
equipment as well as consumable materials
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written exam
• Observation / Demonstration
Context for Competence may be assessed in the workplace or in simulated
Assessment work
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Unit Title Contribute to the Development of Strategic Plan
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to participate in the
planning process and to contribute to the development of a
strategic plan
1. Plan for 1.1 A planning committee is formed and clarified the roles of
strategy people involved in the process.
1.2 Issues are identified that the planning process should
address.
1.3 Information that must be collected is identified.
2. Investigate the 2.1 Mission and vision statements of the organisation are
current investigated.
environment 2.2 Current internal and external environment of the
organisation is investigated
3. Participate in 3.1 The most important issues facing organisation is identified,
feedback using the information gathered.
session
3.2 Review session is undertaken with appropriate person(s)
to confirm issues identified.
4. Finalize and 4.1 Written plan is created to document the mission, vision,
validate plan issues, objectives and strategies of the organization.
4.2 Written plan submitted to appropriate person(s) for approval.
4.3 Feedback is reviewed and alterations are made where
appropriate.
Variable Range
Information May include but is not limited to system functionality, geography,
environment, client user and cost constraints, competitors
Appropriate May include a supervisor, teacher, authorized business
person representative or client
Objectives May be contained in the following:
• Business strategy
• Business planning document
• Client expectations brief

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to identify issues, goals and
Competence outcomes that meet the requirements of the stakeholders. In
particular -
• planed strategy
• investigated work environment
• participate in feedback session
• finalized and validated plan
Underpinning Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and • current business practices in relation to preparing reports,
Attitudes particularly for contributing to the development of a strategic
plan that identifies the final expected results and details how
these results will be achieved
• understanding of components of the business planning
process relevant to the development of strategic plans
• basic knowledge of quality assurance practices
• basic knowledge of information gathering techniques
Underpinning Demonstrates skills to:
Skills • conduct strategic planning
• conducting investigation
• prepare and validate strategic plan
Resources Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to
information on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment Competency may be assessed through:
Methods • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

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Unit Title Assist with Policy Development for Client Support
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to receive, review and
carry out change requests, while utilizing a change management
system according to client requirements.
1. Review 1.1 Requests are received and documented for hardware and
change software changes, utilizing a change management system
requests and according to organizational help desk procedures.
1.2 System data are gathered and organized relevant to the
change requests, using available diagnostic tools.
1.3 The proposed changes are reviewed against current and
future business requirements.
1.4 System data are examined, with work team, in order to
select appropriate changes to be carried out.
1.5 Selected changes are discussed and e clarified with client.
2. Modify system 2.1 Potential solution is identified to solve problems.
according to
2.2 Recommendations about possible solutions are developed,
requested
documented, ranked and presented to the appropriate
changes
person for decision.
2.3 Implementation and evaluation of solutions are planned.
2.4 Recommended solutions are technically documented and
submitted to appropriate person for confirmation.
3. Train on the 3.1 Training is prepared to meet the needs of client in using the
use of modified changed system.
system 3.2 Prepared training is delivered appropriately for client

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Variable Range
Hardware May include but not limited to:
• workstations, personal computers, modems or other
connectivity devices, networks, DSL modems, remote sites,
servers
Software May include but is not limited to commercial, in-house, packaged
or customized software
System May include but not limited to:
• the hardware and software components that run a computer
Requirements • May be in reference to the business, system, application,
network or people in the organization
Client May include but is not limited to internal departments, external
organizations, individual people and employees
Organizational May include but not limited to:
guidelines • personal use of emails and internet access, content of emails,
downloading information and accessing particular websites,
opening mail with attachments, virus risk, dispute resolution,
document procedures and templates, communication methods
and financial control mechanisms.
Technical • May include but not limited to:
documentation • project specifications, reports, help references, technical
manuals, training materials and self-paced tutorials, on-line
help, user guides, brochures
Standards May include but not limited to:
• ISO/IEC/AS standards, organizational standards, project
standards
Documentation May follow ISO/IEC/AS standards, audit trails, naming standards,
version control, project management templates and report writing,
maintaining equipment inventory; client training and satisfaction
reports
Occupational May include but not limited to:
Health and Safety • correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of monitor, style of
(OHS) chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
time in front of computer
• May also include licensing-related and physical safety
considerations such as general electrical safety and cabling,
power supply and leads as they apply to computer and
peripheral installations.

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Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence • Modifying system according to requested changes
• Preparing and delivering training on use of modified system
Knowledge and • Broad knowledge of help desk practices
Attitudes • Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
with broad knowledge of general features and capabilities and
detailed knowledge in some areas
• Broad knowledge of the role of stakeholders and the degree of
stakeholder involvement
• General knowledge of the client business domain
• Detailed knowledge of the system's current functionality
• Broad knowledge of quality assurance practices
• Change management tools
• Broad knowledge of system testing
• Broad knowledge of the organization’s service-level
agreements.
Skills • system and policy development
• review change request
• facilitate change request
• perform technical documentation
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting

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Unit Title Monitor and Support Data Conversion
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to monitor and support
data.
1. Monitor data 1.1 Conversion supporting documentation is obtained and

conversion applied to conversion process.
1.2 Production data is protected by taking action to ensure back-
up before conversion.
1.3 Requirements of the client are determined and impacted
on business operation.
1.4 Software, hardware or environmental pre-requisites are
identified and confirmed in the conversion plan.
1.5 Data accuracy and integrity is validated according to
conversion specifications.
1.6 Data rejected by conversion tools is identified and actions
detailed in conversion plan are carried out.
1.7 Data rejection or errant behavior of the conversion process
is documented.
2. Support data 2.1 Results are verified based on relevant checklist.
conversion
2.2 Verified data are presented and have them signed by
appropriate persons.
2.3 Back-up copies of conversion files are maintained and
documented according to requirements
2.4 Clear and coherent technical documentation is developed

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Variable Range
Supporting May include data conversion plan, conversion specifications and
documentation documentation guidelines
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, platform,
application, database, network or people in the organization
organizations, clubs, individual people and internal employees
Hardware May include but is not limited to workstations, personal
computers, modems and other connectivity devices, networks,
remote sites, servers, DSL modems
Software May include but is not limited to commercial software
applications; organization-specific software, packaged software,
in-house or customized software.
Environmental May consist of but is not limited to dust, heat, extreme cold,
pre-requisites temperature stability, air circulation and moisture.
Technical May include project specifications, reports, help references,
documentation technical manuals, training materials and self-paced tutorials, on-
line help, user guides, brochures.
Tools and May include but not limited to:
equipment • Tools that analyze data quality
• Tools for extraction and transformation
• Tools for cleansing data (identifying invalid field entries and
forcing to legal values
• Data management tools
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates ability to:
Competence • achieve a physical transfer or transformation of data
• migrate data from the legacy systems to the staging area (if
necessary)
• data conditioning, cleaning, transformation, and integration in
the staging area
• storing, updating and exporting converted data
• data loading and indexing on the production server
• ensuring data quality throughout the data conversion process
• ensure data is complete and valid
• ensure sound structural integrity of both the legacy system and
the new database/data warehouse
• ensure data reflects and works with the business rules and
data standards
• monitor and support data conversion

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Knowledge and • inherent data requirements of both old and upgraded or new
Attitudes systems
• Broad knowledge of data conversion from legacy systems
• Broad knowledge of current industry data conversion tools
• Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
• with broad knowledge of general features and
• capabilities and detailed knowledge in some areas
• Broad knowledge of current data modeling methodologies
Underpinning • data conditioning, cleaning, transformation, and integration in
Skills the staging area
• storing, updating and exporting converted data
• data loading and indexing on the production server
• ensuring data quality throughout the data conversion process
• monitor and support data conversion

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Unit Title Apply Object-Oriented Programming Language Skills
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to undertake
programming tasks using an object oriented programming
language. Competence includes tool usage, documentation,
debugging and testing techniques in support of the programming
activity.
1. Apply basic 1.1 Basic language syntax rules and best practices are
language observed
syntax and
1.2 Language data-types, operators and expressions are used
layout
1.3 The appropriate language syntax for sequence, selection
and iteration constructs is used.
1.4 A modular programming approach is used
1.5 Arrays and arrays of objects are used
2. Apply basic 2.1 A class that contains primitive member/instance variables is
OO principles implemented
in the target 2.2 A class that contains multiple options for object construction
language is implemented
2.3 A class uses user defined aggregation
2.4 Inheritance is implemented to at least 2 levels of depth
2.5 Polymorphism is used at a simple level through inheritance
to enable easy code extension
3. Debug code 3.1 An integrated development environment is used,
particularly the language debugging facilities
3.2 Program debugging techniques are used to detect and
resolve errors.
4. Document 4.1 Guidelines for developing maintainable code adhering to a
activities set of coding standard is followed
4.2 Internal documentation standards and tools are followed and
used
5. Test code 5.1 Simple tests are developed and conducted to confirm the
coding process meets design specification

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5.2 The tests performed are documented
5.3 Corrections are made to the code and the documentation as
needed
Variable Range
Language This may be any of the following languages, but is not limited to:
• Visual Basic
• Java
• C++
• Small Talk
• Eiffel
Integrated This may include but not limited to:
development • Visual C++
environment • Visual Studio suite
• Eclipse
• J-Edit
• Code Warrior
• Jbuilder
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm that:
Competence • Application programs are designed and built in accordance
with systems and programming requirements and standards.
• Application or programs developed using object-oriented
language meets required user specifications
Underpinning Knowledge includes:
Knowledge • Understanding of Object oriented programming concepts
• Object oriented programming language
• Small size application development
• Using a GUI to interact with operator
Underpinning Skills include:
Skills • Reading and interpreting program specifications, translating
requirements from problem space to machine space
• Integrated Development environment usage
• Programming techniques
• Internal (code) documentation techniques
• Testing and debugging techniques
• Documentation techniques
Resources To demonstrate this unit of competence the following resources
Implication will be required:

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• Programming language and development environment
• User requirements and specification
• Program and documentation standards
• Personal computer or workstation
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a

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Unit Title Use Advanced Structured Query Language
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to use advanced
structured query language (SQL) to define, create and
manipulate database structures and associated data in a
relational database.
1. Write 2.1 Data from a table and specific columns is retrieved using
ADVANCED specific query and 'Order by' used to sort query output
SQL statement
2.2 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing specific
to retrieve and
criteria in the 'where' clause and select statement
sort data
2.3 Comparison operators in the 'where' clause is used to
compare numeric, character, string, date and time data
2.4 Boolean operators is used with the correct precedence
2.5 Criteria in the 'where' clause is used to check for a range of
values, to select values from a list, and to check for values
that match a pattern
2.6 SQL syntax is used to suppress duplicate values from query
results and action taken to exclude null values from a query
result
2.7 Inner join syntax is employed to retrieve data from two or
more tables
2.8 'Left outer', 'right outer' and 'full outer' syntax is used to join
tables in the select statement
2.9 Correct syntax in the 'where' clause is used to retrieve data
from multiple tables
2.10 Union query that retrieves data from more than one table is
written
2. Write 2.1 Arithmetical operations are used with the correct
ADVANCED precedence.
SQL 2.2 String functions and operators is used to obtain the required
statements
query output
that use
functions 2.3 Mathematical functions are used to obtain the required
output, where required

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2.4 Date functions are used to obtain the required output
2.5 SQL aggregate functions are used to obtain the required
output
3. Write 3.1 'Group by' used to aggregate data by multiple columns
ADVANCED 3.2 Aggregated data is sorted in the query output
SQL
statements 3.3 Aggregated data is filtered using the 'having' clause
that use
aggregation
and filtering
Variable Range
Comparison May include
operators • equal to
• not equal to
• greater than
• less than
• greater than or equal to
• less than or equal to
Boolean May include
operators • use of AND, OR, NOT
Database May include but not limited to
• Oracle
• Sybase,
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Ingres
• DB2
• Informix
• MySQL
• Postgres SQL
Arithmetical May include but not limited to:
operators • Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Modulus
• division
Mathematical May include but not limited to:
functions • COS
• log
• power
• Sin
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• square root
Information May include but not limited to:
requirements • reports
• summaries
• letters
• other business documents required by the organisation
equipment • Computer
• DBMS software
Evidence Guide
Competence • Write advanced SQL statement to retrieve and sort data
• Write advanced SQL statements that use functions
• Write advanced SQL statements that use aggregation and
filtering
• Write and execute SQL sub-queries
Knowledge and • Broad knowledge of data modeling structures
Attitudes • Data analysis, particularly in determining data types, data
structures and to query and report design
• Run time facilities in relation to implementing live database
• DBMS fundamentals

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Determine Suitability of Database Functionality and
Unit Title
Scalability
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to identify current and
future business requirements for a database.
1. Determine 1.1 Business requirements are defined following existing data.

database
1.2 Database objectives are confirmed inline with defined
functionality requirements.
1.3 Database is analyzed to identify the business rules, entities
and relationships.
1.4 Existing and proposed business models are identified.
1.5 Existing database and environment are documented
according to work place procedure.
1.6 Database functionality is confirmed with client.
2. Identify 2.1 Reserve and long-term capacity of the database is identified.
scalability and 2.2 Implications for the system architecture, data models, data
functionality structures, and hardware and software requirements are
requirements
identified for scalability.
2.3 Functionality and scalability features of the database are
compared.
2.4 Gap between the features is determined and documented.
3. Prepare report 3.1 Functionality and scalability of database are documented.
3.2 Report on database functionality and scalability is submitted
to client for review.

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Variable Range
Objectives May include but are not limited to how and what the organization
wants to achieve in:
• work environment
• problem solution processes
• preventative maintenance and diagnostic policy
• roles and technical responsibilities in the IT department
• vendor and product service-level support agreements
Database May include but not limited to:
• relational databases
• object-relational databases
• proprietary databases
• commercial off the shelf (COTS)database packages
Documentation May follow:
• ISO/IEC/AS standards,
• audit trails,
• naming standards,
• version control,
• project management templates and report writing principles
Client May include but not limited to:
• internal departments,
• external organizations,
• individual people and employees
architecture • Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or any
operating system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Windows
2000 or above
• Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL server,
Ingres, DB2, Informix, mSQL, MySQL, SQL server
• Configuration: small memory model, large memory model,
requests per second
Hardware May include but not limited to:
• workstations
• personal computers
• modems and other connectivity devices
• networks
• DSL modems
• remote sites and servers
Software May include but not limited to:
• commercial
• in-house
• packaged or customized software

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Requirements May be in reference to:
• the business
• system
• platform
• application
• database
• network or people in the organization
Scalability May include:
• reserve capacity and long-term capacity
In relation to databases
• scalability relates to multi-tier architecture
• scalable workflow architecture
• database replication
• distributed databases, server clustering
equipment • Computers ,
• DBMS software
Evidence Guide
Competence • Identifying entities and relationships
• Developing normalization
• Validating model
Knowledge and • OHS principles and responsibilities in regard to self and
Attitudes others
• Function and features of databases
• Data modeling
• Network architecture
• Common system hardware in relation to
• client/server/database architecture
Skills • Determine database functionality
• identify scalability and functionality requirements

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Unit Title Perform Database System Test
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to ensure that the
properties of the entire system are tested and proved adequate
before handover to the client/user for final acceptance testing.
1. Prepare for test 1.1 Test environment is prepared inline with work guideline.
1.2 Software life cycle is determined based on work principles.
1.3 Test plan and appropriate test tools are defined.
1.4 System is recognized and separated into run able modules
mirroring live scenarios.
1.5 Logs and result sheets are gathered and prepared.
1.6 Scheduled test are announced to ensure preparedness and
understanding of implications for operations.
1.7 Test scripts (online test) or test run (batch test) are prepared
for running.
1.8 Expected results are reviewed against acceptance criteria
(walkthrough) and system requirements Documentation.
2. Conduct test 2.1 Test scripts and document results are run in line with test
and acceptance processes.
2.2 Required quality benchmarks or comparisons are performed
in readiness for acceptance testing.
2.3 Organization/industry standards are adopted, where
appropriate.
2.4 Actual results to expected results are compared on
completion of each system unit, and completed result
sheets.

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Variable Range
Test environment May include but not limited to:
• Data
• program libraries
• network/communications and other equipment
• operating system and other support software
Test tools May include:
• Code/unit/class testing:
Assert Mate, Bounds Checker, C-Cover, Code Review,
Code Wizard, Deep Cover, FailSafe, Hindsight, Insure++,
JCAST, Logiscope, Java Pure Check
• Stress load testing:
automated test facilities, e-Load, E-TEST Suite, e-
MONITO, Astra SiteManager, Astra SiteTest, AutoTester
Web, LoadRunner, JavaLoad
• Applications testing:
DataShark, Cyrano Suite, Datatect, preVue-C/S
equipment • Test server (computer),
• DBMS and DB applications
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrates skills and knowledge in:
Competence • preparing test cases
• conducting test
Knowledge and • broad general knowledge of system requirements with detailed
Attitudes knowledge of particular system requirements and features
• broad knowledge of automated test tools with detailed
knowledge of features and processes in some areas
• organizational rules for preparing test
• detailed knowledge of underlying test data
• detailed knowledge of input/output requirements
Skills • prepare for test
• conduct test

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Unit Title Monitor and Administer Database
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to manage, monitor
and administer a database.
1. Start up a 1.1 Configure system for database start-up

database
1.2 Monitor database start-up and operation for irregularities
2. Manage 2.1 Take action to ensure that a data dictionary has been
database compiled and that data structures are in place
2.2 Maintain data integrity constraints according to business
requirements
2.3 Create and design indexes and multiple-field keys according
to business requirements
2.4 Monitor the locking options chosen for the database
2.5 Confirm that recent back-ups of the database have been
stored and that back-ups can be retrieved as a full working
copy
2.6 Monitor the data storage space for ongoing viability and
resize as needed
2.7 Update data according to organizational guidelines
3. Manage 3.1 Allocate or remove access privileges according to user
database status
access 3.2 Monitor network server log-in log file for illegal log-in
attempts or for security breaches
3.3 Manage system resources in the context of database
administration

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Variable Range
Database May include but is not limited to relational databases, object-
relational databases, proprietary databases, commercial off the
shelf (COTS) database packages such as Oracle, PostgreSQL,
Sybase, Microsoft SQL server, Microsoft Access, Ingres, DB2,
DB4, Informix, mSQL, MySQL, SQL server
Business May include, customer, supplier, payroll, inventory or tax
requirements requirements
Organizational May include but are not limited to personal use of emails and
guidelines internet access, content of emails, downloading information and
accessing particular websites, opening mail with attachments,
virus risk, dispute resolution, document procedures and
templates, communication methods and financial control
mechanisms.
Network server May include but is not limited to Novell NetWare 5 or above or
any operating system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Mac OS,
Windows 2000 or above
System May include but is not limited to hardware and software
components that run a computer
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of • Assessment must confirm the ability to consistently manage
Competence and administer a database.
• Monitor data and provide solutions to a defined range of
unpredictable problems
Knowledge and • General knowledge of structured query language (SQL)
Attitudes • General knowledge of database administration
• Detailed knowledge of tuning methodologies
• General knowledge of the principles of databases
• Detailed knowledge of database management tools
• Detailed knowledge of back-up and recovery methodologies
• Detailed knowledge of database security
Underpinning • Analysis skills in relation to working database processes
Skills • Report writing skills for business
• Database management skills requiring depth in some areas
• Analysis and evaluation of information relating to database
performance
• Problem solving skills in database processes
• Research skills for identifying, analyzing and evaluating
features of a
• particular database
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Resource To demonstrate competence in this unit the candidate will require
Implications access to a live database, preferably on a LAN on which there is
a server that offers log-in functionality.

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Unit Title Identify and Resolve Database Performance Problems
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to identify and solve
database problems to improve performance.
1. Diagnose 1.1 Appropriate database performance diagnostic tool to use

problems based on organizational database requirements and vendor
recommendations are determined.
1.2 Diagnostic tool is run to identify latch contentions and
events causing waits and record outcomes.
1.3 Inappropriate use of database and temporary table spaces
occurs are determined and recorded.
1.4 Appropriate fixes are carried out based on diagnostic results.
2. Configure 2.1 Distributed files architecture is adopted to minimize I/O
database (input/output) contention.
2.2 Database back-up procedures are ensured to be appropriate
for method of data storage.
2.3 Rollback segments are reconfigured.
2.4 Database is configured and tests its performance.
3. Tune database 3.1 Module performance is tracked according to specifications.

3.2 Efficiency of structured query language is monitored and
tuned as required.
3.3 Performance of shared pool, blocks and buffers are
monitored and measured.
3.4 Contentions are detected, identified and resolved that may
arise in the real-time operation of the database.
3.5 Database is reconfigured according to specifications.

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Variable Range
Diagnostic tools May include:
• software or electronics equipment (e.g. volt-meter,
oscilloscope, data analyzer)
Database May include but not limited to:
• relational databases,
• object-relational databases,
• proprietary databases,
• commercial off the shelf (COTS) database packages
Architecture May include but not limited to:
• Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or any
operating system that has multi-user ability, Linux, Windows
2000 or above
• Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL server,
requests per second
Performance May include but not limited to:
• improvements to response time,
• simultaneous access,
• Compacting database files and repairing the database.
Structured Query May include:
Language • Information technology
• database languages – SQL definition
• May include Information technology - database languages -
SQL - definition
• of data structures and basic operations of data structures and
basic operations
equipment • Computers , DBMS software, tapes, Server

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Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to:
Competence • apply problem solving techniques to determine the root cause
of a routine malfunction or to refer the problem according to
escalation procedures
Knowledge and • Broad knowledge of SQL
Attitudes • Detailed knowledge of database administration
• Detailed knowledge of tuning methodologies
• General knowledge of the principles of database design
• Detailed knowledge of diagnostic tools
Skills • diagnose problems
• configure database
• tune database

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Unit Title Migrate to New Technology
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to apply skills and
knowledge in using new or upgraded technology.
1. Apply existing 1.1 Situations are identified where existing knowledge can be
knowledge and used as the basis for developing new skills.
techniques to
1.2 New or upgraded technology skills are acquired and used to
technology enhance learning.
transfer
1.3 New or upgraded equipment is Identified, classified and used
where appropriate, for the benefit of the organization.
2. Apply functions 2.1 Testing of new or upgraded equipment is conducted.
of technology
2.2 Features of new or upgraded equipment and software are
to assist in
applied within the organization.
solving
organizational 2.3 Features and functions of new or upgraded equipment is used
problems 2.4 Sources of information relating to new or upgraded equipment
is accessed and used.
3. Evaluate new 3.1 New or upgraded equipment is evaluated for performance
or upgraded usability and against OH&S standards.
technology 3.2 Environmental considerations are determined from new or
performance
upgraded equipment.
3.3 Feedback from users are looked for, where appropriate.
Variable Range
Equipment May include but not limited to:
• workstations
• personal computers, hard drives and monitors
• modems and other connectivity devices
• printers
• DSL modems
• switches and hubs
• personal digital assistant (PDA) and other peripheral devices

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Applications May include but not limited to:
• commercial software applications; organization-specific
software; word processing
• spreadsheet
• database
• graphic
• communication packages
Technology skills May include but not limited to:
• hardware
• PCs
• networks
• storage and communications equipment
Feedback May include but not limited to:
• surveys
• questionnaires
• interviews and meetings
Software May include but not limited to:
• user-based software for new business processes,
• customer relationship management,
• integrated services (e.g. banking and financial services)
OHS standards May include but not limited to:
• correct posture
• lighting
• type of desk and style of chair
• type of monitor
• typing position
• repetitive strain injury prevention
• ventilation
• light position
• correct lifting method, and length of time in front of computer
• physical safety considerations such as general electrical
safety and cabling
• Power supply and leads as they apply to computer and
peripheral installations
Environmental May include but not limited to:
Considerations • recycling
• safe disposal of packaging (e.g. cardboard, polystyrene,
paper, plastic)
• correct disposal of redundant hardware (e.g. motherboards,
hard drives, circuit boards) by an authorized body
equipment • Computers , appropriate new technology,
• software and hardware, Internet

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Evidence Guide
Competence • Applying existing knowledge and techniques to technology
transfer
• Applying functions of technology to assist in solving
organizational problems
Knowledge and • Broad awareness of current technology trends and directions
Attitudes in IT (e.g. software, hardware, services, new developments,
new protocols)
• Broad knowledge of vendor product directions
• Ability to locate appropriate sources of information regarding
IT and new technologies
• Current industry hardware and software products, with broad
knowledge of general features and capabilities
Skills • apply existing knowledge and techniques to technology
transfer
• evaluate new or upgraded technology performance
• evaluate new or upgraded technology performance

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Unit Title Establish Quality Standards
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, attitudes and skills required to
monitor quality of work, establish quality specifications for
service, participate in maintaining and improving quality at work,
assist in planning and implementing quality assurance
procedures, and report problems that affect quality.
1. Establish 1.1 Quality specifications are developed and agreed upon in

quality accordance with legislated requirements.
specifications
1.3 Quality specifications are documented and introduced to
for service
organization staff / personnel in accordance with the
organization policy.
1.4 Quality specifications are updated when necessary.
2. Identify 2.1 Critical control points impacting on quality are identified.
hazards and
2.2 Degree of risk for each hazard is determined.
critical control
points 2.3 Necessary documentation is accomplished in accordance
with organization quality procedures
3. Assist in 3.1 Procedures for each identified control point are developed to
planning of ensure optimum quality.
quality
3.2 Hazards and risks are minimized through application of
assurance
appropriate controls and OHS procedures and standards.
procedures
3.3 Processes to monitor the effectiveness of quality assurance
procedures are developed.
4. Implement 4.1 Responsibilities for carrying out procedures are allocated to
quality staff.
assurance 4.2 Instructions are prepared in accordance with the sector
procedures
quality assurance program.
4.3 Staff is given induction training on the quality assurance
policy.
5. Monitor quality 5.1 Quality requirements are identified
of work 5.2 Inputs are inspected to confirm capability to meet quality
outcome requirements
5.3 Process is conducted to produce required outcomes
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5.4 Production processes are monitored to confirm quality of
output
5.5 Process is adjusted to maintain outputs within specification.
6. Participate in 6.1 Work area, materials, processes and service are routinely
maintaining monitored to ensure compliance with quality requirements.
and improving
6.2 Non-conformance process is identified and reported
quality at work according to reporting requirements
6.3 Corrective action is taken within level of responsibility, to
maintain quality standards
6.4 Quality issues are raised with designated personnel
7. Report 7.1 Recognize potential or existing quality problems.
problems that
7.2 Identify instances of variation in quality from specifications or
affect quality
work instructions.
7.3 Report variation and potential problems to
supervisor/manager according to sector guidelines
Variable Range
Legislated May include but not limited to:
requirements • Verification of work quality as part of sector legislation or
specific legislation related to process of work content or
composition.
Safety It may include but not limited to:
procedures • Use of tools and equipment
• Working place environment handling of material safety
• Following Occupational health and safety procedures
designated for the task
Evidence Guide
Competence • Monitoring quality of work
• Establishing quality requirements for work
• Participating in maintaining and improving quality of work
• Assisting in planning of quality assurance procedures
• Reporting problems that affect quality
• Implementing quality assurance procedures
Knowledge and • Applying federal and regional legislation within day-today work

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Attitudes activities
• Accessing and using management systems to keep and
maintain accurate records
Skills • Monitoring quality of work
• Establishing quality specifications for work
• Participating in maintaining and improving quality at work
• Identifying hazards and critical control points in process of
production
• Assisting in planning of quality assurance procedures
• Reporting problems that affect quality
• Implementing quality assurance procedures

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Unit Title Develop Team and Individuals
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to
determine individual and team development needs and facilitate
the development of the workgroup.
1. Provide team 1.1 Learning and development needs are systematically

leadership identified and implemented in line with organizational
requirements
1.2 Learning plan to meet individual and group training and
developmental needs is collaboratively developed and
implemented
1.3 Individuals are encouraged to self-evaluate performance and
identify areas for improvement
1.4 Feedback on performance of team members is collected
from relevant sources and compared with established team
learning process
2. Foster 2.1 Learning and development program goals and objectives are
individual and identified to match the specific knowledge and skills
organizational requirements of competence standards
growth
2.2 Learning delivery methods are appropriate to the learning
goals, the learning style of participants and availability of
equipment and resources
2.3 Workplace learning opportunities and coaching/ mentoring
assistance are provided to facilitate individual and team
achievement of competencies
2.4 Resources and timelines required for learning activities are
identified and approved in accordance with organizational
requirements
3. Monitor and 3.1 Feedback from individuals or teams is used to identify and
evaluate implement improvements in future learning arrangements
workplace
3.2 Outcomes and performance of individuals/teams are
learning
assessed and recorded to determine the effectiveness of
development programs and the extent of additional support
3.3 Modifications to learning plans are negotiated to improve the

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efficiency and effectiveness of learning
3.4 Records and reports of competence are maintained within
organizational requirement
4. Develop team 4.1 Open communication processes to obtain and share
commitment information is used by team
and
4.2 Decisions are reached by the team in accordance with its
cooperation
agreed roles and responsibilities
4.3 Mutual concern and camaraderie are developed in the team
5. Facilitate 5.1 Team members actively participated in team activities and
accomplishme communication processes
nt of
5.2 Teams members developed individual and joint
organizational
responsibility for their actions
goals
5.3 Collaborative efforts are sustained to attain organizational
goals
Variable Range
Learning and • Coaching, mentoring and/or supervision
development • Formal/informal learning program
needs • Internal/external training provision
• Work experience/exchange/opportunities
• Personal study
• Career planning/development
• Performance appraisals
• Workplace skills assessment
• Recognition of prior learning
Organizational • Quality assurance and/or procedures manuals
requirements • Goals, objectives, plans, systems and processes
• Legal and organizational policy/guidelines and requirements
• Safety policies, procedures and programs
• Confidentiality and security requirements
• Business and performance plans
• Ethical standards
• Quality and continuous improvement processes and
standards
Feedback on • Formal/informal performance appraisals
performance • Obtaining feedback from supervisors and colleagues
• Obtaining feedback from clients
• Personal and reflective behavior strategies
• Routine and organizational methods for monitoring service

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delivery
Learning delivery • On the job coaching or mentoring
methods • Problem solving
• Presentation/demonstration
• Formal course participation / induction
• Work experience
• Involvement in professional networks
• Conference and seminar attendance
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
Competence • Identified and implemented learning opportunities for others
• Gave and received feedback constructively
• Facilitated participation of individuals in the work of the team
• Negotiated learning plans to improve the effectiveness of
learning
• Prepared learning plans to match skill needs
• Accessed and designated learning opportunities
Underpinning • Coaching and mentoring principles
Knowledge and • Understanding how to work effectively with team members who
Attitude have diverse work styles, aspirations, cultures and perspective
• Understanding how to facilitate team development and
improvement
• Understanding methods and techniques for eliciting and
interpreting feedback
• Understanding methods for identifying and prioritizing personal
development opportunities and options
• Knowledge of career paths and competence standards
Underpinning • Ability to read and understand a variety of texts, prepare
Skills general information and documents according to target
audience; spell with accuracy; use grammar and punctuation
effective relationships and conflict management
• Communication skills including receiving feedback and
reporting, maintaining effective relationships and conflict
management
• Planning skills to organize required resources and equipment
to meet learning needs
• Coaching and mentoring skills to provide support to colleagues
• Reporting skills to organize information; assess information for
relevance and accuracy; identify and elaborate on learning
outcomes
• Facilitation skills to conduct small group training sessions

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• Ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural,
physical and mental backgrounds
Resource Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
Implications environment where assessment can take place
Methods • Interview / Written exam

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Unit Title Utilize Specialized Communication Skills
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
use specialized communication skills to meet specific needs of
internal and external clients, conduct interviews, facilitate group
discussions, and contribute to the development of communication
strategies.
1. Meet common 1.1 Specific communication needs of clients and colleagues are
and specific identified and met
communicatio 1.2 Different approaches are used to meet communication
n needs of
needs of clients and colleagues
clients and
colleagues 1.3 Conflict is addressed promptly and in a timely way and in a
manner which does not compromise the standing of the
organization
2. Contribute to 2.1 Strategies for internal and external dissemination of
the information are developed, promoted, implemented and
development reviewed as required
of
2.2 Channels of communication are established and reviewed
communicatio
regularly
n strategies
2.3 Coaching in effective communication is provided
2.4 Work related network and relationship are maintained as
necessary
2.5 Negotiation and conflict resolution strategies are used where
required
2.6 Communication with clients and colleagues is appropriate to
individual needs and organizational objectives
3. Represent the 3.1 When participating in internal or external forums,
organization presentation is relevant, appropriately researched and
presented in a manner to promote the organization
3.2 Presentation is clear and sequential and delivered within a
predetermined time
3.3 appropriate media to enhance presentation is utilized
3.4 Differences in views are respected

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3.5 Written communication is consistent with organizational
standards
3.6 Inquiries are responded in a manner consistent with
organizational standard
4. Facilitate 4.1 Mechanisms which enhance effective group interaction is
group defined and implemented
discussion 4.2 Strategies which encourage all group members to participate
are used routinely
4.3 Objectives and agenda for meetings and discussions are
routinely set and followed
4.4 Relevant information is provided to group to facilitate
outcomes
4.5 Evaluation of group communication strategies is undertaken
to promote participation of all parties
4.6 Specific communication needs of individuals are identified
and addressed
5. Conduct 5.1 A range of appropriate communication strategies are
interview employed in interview situations
5.2 Records of interviews are made and maintained in
accordance with organizational procedures
5.3 Effective questioning, listening and nonverbal communication
techniques are used to ensure that required message is
communicated
Variable Range
Strategies • Recognizing own limitations
• Referral to specialists
• Utilizing techniques and aids
• Providing written drafts
• Verbal and non verbal communication
Effective group • Identifying and evaluating what is occurring within an
interaction interaction in a non-judgmental way
• Using active listening
• Making decision about appropriate words, behavior
• Putting together response which is culturally appropriate
• Expressing an individual perspective
• Expressing own philosophy, ideology and background and
exploring impact with relevance to communication

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Types of • Related to staff issues • Evidential
Interview • Routine • Non-disclosure
• Confidential • Disclosure
Interview • Establish rapport
situations • Elicit facts and information
• Facilitate resolution of issues
• Develop action plans
• Diffuse potentially difficult situation
Evidence Guide
Competence • Demonstrated effective communication skills with clients
accessing service and work colleagues
• Adopted relevant communication techniques and strategies to
meet client particular needs and difficulties
Underpinning • Communication process
Knowledge and • Dynamics of groups and different styles of group leadership
Values • Communication skills relevant to client groups
Underpinning • Full range of communication techniques including:
Skills Full range of communication
Active listening
Feedback
Interpretation
Role boundaries setting
Negotiation
Establishing empathy
• Communication skills required to fulfill job roles as specified
by the organization
Resource Access to appropriate workplace where assessment can take
Implications place
Methods of Competence may be assessed through
Assessment • Direct observation
• Oral Interview
Context for
This unit should be assessed on the job through simulation
Assessment

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Unit Title Manage and Maintain Small/Medium Business Operations
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the operation of day-to-day business activities in a
micro or small business. The strategies involve developing,
monitoring and managing work activities and financial information,
developing effective work habits, and adjusting work schedules as
needed.
1. Identify daily 1.1 Work requirements for a given time period are identified
work taking into consideration resources and constraints
requirements
1.2 Work activities are prioritized based on business needs,
requirements and deadlines
1.3 If appropriate, work is allocated to relevant staff or
contractors to optimize efficiency
2. Monitor and 2.1 People, resources and/or equipment are coordinated to
manage work provide optimum results
2.2 Staff, clients and/or contractors are communicated within a
clear and regular manner, to monitor work in relation to
business goals or timelines
2.3 Problem solving techniques are applied to work situations
to overcome difficulties and achieve positive outcomes
3. Develop 3.1 Work and personal priorities are identified and a balance is
effective work achieved between competing priorities using appropriate
habits time management strategies
3.2 Input from internal and external sources is sought and
used to develop and refine new ideas and approaches
3.3 Business or inquiries are responded to promptly and
effectively
3.4 Information is presented in a format appropriate to the
industry and audience
4. Interpret 4.1 Relevant documents and reports are identified
financial
4.2 Documents and reports are read and understood and any
information
implications discussed with appropriate persons
4.3 Data and numerical calculations are analyzed, checked,
evaluated, organized and reconciled
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4.4 Daily financial records and cash flow are maintained correctly
and in accordance with legal and accounting requirements
4.5 Invoices and payments are prepared and distributed in a
timely manner and in accordance with legal requirements
4.6 Outstanding accounts are collected or followed-up
5. Evaluate work 5.1 Opportunities for improvements are monitored according to
performance business demands
5.2 Work schedules are adjusted to incorporate necessary
modifications to existing work and routines or changing needs
and requirements
5.3 Proposed changes are clearly communicated and recorded to
aid in future planning and evaluation
5.4 Relevant codes of practice are used to guide an ethical
approach to workplace practices and decisions
Variable Range
Resources may • staff
include: • money
• time
• equipment
• space
Business goals • sales targets
may include: • budgetary targets
• team and individual goals
• production targets
• reporting deadlines
Problem solving • gaining additional research and information to make better
techniques may informed decisions
include: • looking for patterns
• considering related problems or those from the past and how
they were handled
• eliminating possibilities
• identifying and attempting sub-tasks
• collaborating and asking for advice or help from additional
sources
Time • prioritizing and anticipating
management • short term and long term planning and scheduling
strategies may • creating a positive and organized work environment
include: • clear timelines and goal setting that is regularly reviewed and
adjusted as necessary
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• breaking large tasks into smaller tasks
• getting additional support if identified and necessary
Internal and • staff and colleagues
external sources • management, supervisors, advisors or head office
may include: • relevant professionals such as lawyers, accountants,
management consultants
• professional associations
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects A person must be able to demonstrate:
of Competence • ability to identify daily work requirements and allocate work
appropriately
• ability to interpret financial documents in accordance with legal
requirements
Underpinning • Federal and Regional Government legislative requirements
Knowledge and affecting business operations, especially in regard to
Attitudes occupational health and safety (OHS), equal employment
opportunity (EEO), industrial relations and anti-discrimination
• technical or specialist skills relevant to the business operation
• relevant industry code of practice
• planning techniques to establish realistic timelines and
priorities
• identification of relevant performance measures
• quality assurance principles and methods
• relevant marketing, management, sales and financial concepts
• methods for monitoring performance and implementing
improvements
• structured approaches to problem solving, idea management
and time management
Underpinning • literacy skills to interpret legal requirements, company policies
Skills and procedures and immediate, day-to-day demands
• communication skills including questioning, clarifying,
reporting, and giving and receiving constructive feedback
• numeracy skills for performance information, setting targets
and interpreting financial documents and reports
• technical and analytical skills to interpret business documents,
reports and financial statements and projections
• ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
• problem solving skills to develop contingency plans
• using computers and software packages to record and manage
data and to produce reports

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• evaluation skills for assessing work and outcomes
• observation skills for identifying appropriate people, resources
and to monitor work
Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications • Access to relevant workplace documentation, financial records,
and equipment
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written exam
• Observation/Demonstration with Oral questioning
Context for Competence may be assessed in the workplace or in a simulated
Assessment work environment

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Unit Title Manage Continuous Improvement System
Unit Descriptor This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and
knowledge required to sustain and develop an environment in
which continuous improvement, innovation and learning are
promoted and rewarded.
1. Review 1.1 Establish strategies to monitor and evaluate performance

programs, of key systems and processes
systems and
1.2 Undertake detailed analyses of supply chains, operational
processes
and product/service delivery systems
1.3 Identify performance measures, and assessment tools
and techniques, and evaluate their effectiveness
1.4 Analyze performance reports and variance from plans for
all key result areas of the organization
1.5 Identify and analyze changing trends and opportunities
relevant to the organization
1.6 Seek advice from specialists, where appropriate, to
identify technology and electronic commerce opportunities
2. Develop options 2.1 Brief groups on performance improvement strategies and
for continuous innovation as an essential element of competition
improvement
2.2 Foster creative climate and organizational learning
through the promotion of interaction within and between
work groups
2.3 Encourage, test and recognize new ideas and
entrepreneurial behavior where successful
2.4 Accept failure of an idea during trialing, and recognize,
celebrate and embed success into systems
2.5 Undertake risk management and cost benefit analyses
for each option/idea approved for trial
2.6 Approve innovations through agreed organizational
processes
3. Implement
3.1 Promote continuous improvement as an essential part of
innovative
doing business
processes
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3.2 Address impact of change and consequences for people,
and implement transition plans
3.3 Ensure objectives, timeframes, measures and
communication plans are in place to manage
implementation
3.4 Implement contingency plans in the event of non-
performance
3.5 Follow-up failure by prompt investigation and analysis of
causes
3.6 Manage emerging challenges and opportunities effectively
3.7 Evaluate continuous improvement systems and processes
regularly
3.8 Communicate costs and benefits of innovations and
improvements to all relevant groups and individuals
Variable Range
Sustainability may • addressing environmental and resource sustainability
include: initiatives, such as environmental management systems,
action plans, green office programs, surveys and audits
• applying the waste management hierarchy in the workplace
• complying with regulations and corporate social
responsibility considerations for sustainability to enhance
the organisation's standing in business and community
environments
• determining organisation's most appropriate waste
treatment, including waste to landfill, recycling, re-use,
recoverable resources and wastewater treatment
• implementing ecological footprint
• implementing environmental management systems, e.g.
ISO 14001:1996 Environmental management systems life
cycle analyses
• implementing government initiatives,
• improving resource and energy efficiency
• initiating and maintaining appropriate organisational
procedures for operational energy consumption
• introducing a green office program - a cultural change
program
• introducing green purchasing
• introducing national and international reporting initiatives,
• introducing product stewardship

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• reducing emissions of greenhouse gases
• reducing use of non-renewable resources
• referencing standards, guidelines and approaches, such as
sustainability covenants and compacts or triple bottom line
reporting
• supporting sustainable supply chain.
Supply chains • network of facilities that procures raw materials, transforms
include: them into intermediate products or services and then
finished goods or service, and delivers them through a
distribution system
• procurement, production and distribution, viewed as
interlinked not as discrete elements
Performance • budget or cost variance
reports may • customer service
include: • environmental
• financial
• OHS
• quality
• other operating parameters
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Evidence of the following is essential:
Competence • demonostration of consultation processes to introduce or
evaluate an existing continuous improvement process or
system, including suggested actions or an action plan
• generation of an idea or concept which exhibits creative
thinking and which offers the possibility of advantaging the
organization
• how the concept or idea was introduced, tested and
evaluated - the idea or concept does not have to have been
shown to work or to be adopted by the business
• knowledge of quality management and continuous
improvement theories
Knowledge and • quality management and continuous improvement theories
Attitudes • creativity/innovation theories/concepts
• risk management
• cost-benefit analysis methods
• creativity and innovation theories and concepts
• organizational learning principles
• quality management and continuous improvement theories
• risk management

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• sustainability practices
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
• analytical skills to identify improvement opportunities in
relation to
• the services/products delivered or concepts/ideas
developed
• flexibility and creativity skills to think laterally
• leadership skills to foster a commitment to quality and an
openness to innovation
• teamwork and leadership skills to foster a commitment to
quality and an openness to innovation
Resources Access may be required to:
Implication • workplace procedures and plans relevant to work area
• appropriate documentation and resources normally used in
the workplace
Methods of Competence in this unit may be assessed by using a
Assessment combination of the following to generate evidence:
• demonstration in the workplace
• suitable simulation
• oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of
principles and techniques associated with change
management
• evaluation of strategies established to monitor and evaluate
performance of key systems and processes
• review of briefing of groups on performance improvement
strategies and innovation
Those aspects of competence dealing with improvement
processes could be assessed by the use of suitable
simulations and/or a pilot plant and/or a range of case studies
and scenarios.
In all cases, practical assessment should be supported by
questions to assess essential knowledge and those aspects of
competence which are difficult to assess directly.
Assessment simulated workplace setting / environment.

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NTQF Level III

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Occupational Standard: Database Administration Level III
Unit Title Gather Data to Identify Business Requirements
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to identify, analyze
and document business requirements.
1. Identify key 1.1 Information repositories are identified across the business
information
1.2 Current organizational documentation are reviewed
sources
1.3 Critical questions are developed to elicit information from key
stakeholders using a mixture of open and closed questions
1.4 Information gathering techniques are ensured to use a
quality assurance methodology and meet budgetary
constraints
2. Gather data 2.1 Information gathering workshops and interviews are
through formal conducted to gather data
and informal 2.2 Reports and other data sources are reviewed for relevant
processes business information
2.3 Business-critical factors relating to current and future
directions of the organization are confirmed with
stakeholders
2.4 Group and individual responses are analyzed to clearly
define business priorities
3. Ensure 3.1 Information gathered are analyzed and evaluated for
analysis is accuracy and consistency
accurate and
3.2 Document conflicts in information are gathered
complete
3.3 Conflicts in information or points of view are resolved with
stakeholders
4. Submit analysis 4.1 Detailed document according to documentation standards
and gain and organizational templates are prepared
agreement 4.2 Document in a style are written that is succinct and
appropriate to the audience
4.3 Data gathered are communicated to client to gain
consensus and agreement on business requirements

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Variable Range
Organizational May include but not limited to:
documentation • Business forms
• Policy documents
• Financial statements
• Performance reports
Annual reports
Occupational • Correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of monitor, style of
Health and Safety chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury prevention,
(OHS) ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
time in front of computer
• May also include physical safety considerations such as
general electrical safety and cabling, power supply and leads
as they apply to computer and peripheral installations.
gathering • interviews,
techniques • Questionnaires
• surveys
• observation
Stakeholders May include but not limited to:
• sponsor
• user
• development team
• project team
Client May include but is not limited to
• internal departments
• external
• organizations
• individual people
• employees
Documentation May include but are not restricted to
standards • policy relating to sign-off
• storage
• distribution
• revision Standards may include ISO/IEC/AS standards,
organizational standards, project standards
May include tools for documenting (e.g. word processing
packages, desktop publishing packages)
Business-critical • response times • security
factors • scalability • customer demographics
• traffic • customer confidence
• data knowledge and • expectations
management

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Evidence Guide
Competence • identifying key information sources
• gathering data through different processes
• ensuring analysis is accurate and complete
• submitting analysis and gained agreement
Knowledge and • client business domain, so that the business need is
Attitudes understood by project team and client
• current industry systems development methodologies
• Current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
including broad knowledge of general features and capabilities
• the role of stakeholders and the degree of stakeholder
involvement (e.g. when specifying people (especially the
owner, sponsor and those that will contribute to defining the
requirements and using the system), and roles of client users
are identified)
• Detailed knowledge of the system's current functionality (e.g.
when specifying physical requirements of the system are
identified taking into account current system functionality,
geography, environment, client user and cost constraints)
• quality assurance practices (e.g. when planning the
requirements phase)
Skills • gather data through formal and informal processes
• ensure analysis is accurate and complete

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Unit Title Identify Physical Database Requirements
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to create a physical
database using a data dictionary and design specifications.
1. Identify 1.1 Requirements of the user and current system

database architecture are reviewed
scope
1.2 Database size is determined from requirements and
technical specifications
1.3 Database and scope of project are documented
1.4 Several database management systems are evaluated
against requirements and make appropriate selection
2. Identify 2.1 Technical specifications are reviewed for the database
database
2.2 Database tables and relationships are identified
requirements
2.3 Database data dictionary, table attributes and keys are
identified
2.4 Database reports are developed based on acceptance
criteria and requirements
3. Identify 3.1 System security plan is reviewed
security
3.2 Chosen database management system and user security
requirements
required for the database clarified and confirmed to ensure
database security is aligned to security system plan
3.3 Database performance, recovery and audit trail needs are
identified, evaluated and recorded
4. Seek client 4.1 Database scope and technical requirements are presented
feedback and to user for feedback
approval 4.2 User feedback are reviewed and database adjusted as
required
4.3 Database and documentation are presented to user for final
approval

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Variable Range
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, application, network
or people in the organization
System May include but is not limited to:
architecture • Operating system: Novell NetWare 5 or above or operating
system that has multi-user ability; Linux, Windows 2000 or
above
• Database software: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server,
requests per second
relational databases, proprietary databases, commercial off-the-
shelf (COTS) database packages.
Database
May include distributed or centralized, on-line, partitioned
management
geographically or thematically distributed
system
Acceptance May include timeframe, cost implications, technical and logistical
criteria considerations
System May include but is not limited to network, application, software,
business, computers, financial system, management system and
information system
equipment • Computers , DBMS software
time in front of computer.

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of • Assessment must confirm the ability to identify technical
Competence considerations affecting the physical design of a database and
the ability to build a database that meets the client's database
performance requirements.
• The final database will meet specified business rules, agreed
budget and timeframe. The database will perform efficiently in
the runtime environment (the environment required to operate
the designed solution, not the development environment).
Reports must meet the specific output requirements and be
presented in a logical and accessible manner.
• An individual demonstrating this competency would be able to:
System on business continuity
Evaluated threats to system
Formulated prevention and recovery strategy
Developed disaster recovery plan to support strategy
Knowledge and • Three or more current principles of databases
with knowledge of general features and capabilities
• Database design
• Knowledge of quality assurance practices (e.g. when
identifying database scope and database requirements)
• General knowledge of the client business domain(e.g. when
identifying database scope)
• Detailed technical knowledge of database requirements
Skills • Identify database scope
• Identify database requirements
• Identify security requirements

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Unit Title Design Database
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competence required to establish client
needs and technical requirements, and to design a database that
meets those requirements.
1. Determine 1.1 Client is met and a user needs analysis is conducted to

database determine database functionality
requirements
1.2 Results of user needs analysis are analyzed to identify
technical requirements
1.3 A conceptual model of the database is developed.
1.4 Conceptual model to client is submitted for review
1.5 Client feedback is evaluated and changes are made as
required.
2. Develop 2.1 Attributes are identified and data types are determined
logical data 2.2 Normalization of attributes are undertaken
model
2.3 Entity relationship diagram are developed to clarify
cardinality of relationships
2.4 Document attributes are normalized data and entity
relationship diagram
2.5 Documentation to client is forwarded for confirmation
3. Design data 3.1 Primary and foreign keys are confirmed for tables
structures 3.2 Client business rules are reviewed
3.3 Referential integrity constraints are identified
3.4 Relevant database management system constraints are
established and database design is incorporated
3.5 Validation rules are developed for data
3.6 Indexes are designed and data dictionary developed
3.7 Database design is documented
4. Design 4.1 User interface for database is designed, including menus,
queries, input screens and outputs
screens and
4.2 Queries based on requirements are designed
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reports
4.3 Output reports are designed based on requirements
4.4 Physical design with conceptual model /user needs analysis
is compared
4.5 Changes as required are incorporated
5. Design access 5.1 Business security plan is reviewed as basis for
and security commencing access and security design
systems
5.2 Password and access system is designed for database
5.3 Multiple-user requirements are identified
5.4 Client access profiles are developed using client business
model
6. Confirm 6.1 Database back-up and recovery requirements are identified
database
6.2 Database back-up and recovery procedures are developed
design and documented
6.3 Database and documentation is submitted to client for final
approval
Variable Range
organizations, individual people and employees
relational databases, proprietary databases, commercial off the
shelf (COTS) database packages
Technical May be in reference to the business, system, platform,
requirements application, database, network or people in the organization
version control, project management templates and report writing
principles
Database May include distributed or centralized, on-line, partitioned
management geographically or thematically distributed
system
Security plan May include privacy, authentication, authorization and integrity,
and usually relates directly to the security objectives of the
organization
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, platform,
application, database, network or people in the organization

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to design a well-structured
Competence database that represents the client's business reality and
provides the user with a productive business tool.
• Determine database requirements
• Developed logical data model
• Designed data structures
• Designed queries, screens and reports
• Designed access and security systems
• Confirmed database design
Knowledge and • Function and features of databases
Attitudes • Logical design concepts, particularly in relation to designing
data structures, queries screens and reports
• Data modeling in relation to developing the conceptual data
model
• Object model design concepts, particularly in relation to
designing data structures, queries, screens and reports
• Data analysis, particularly in determining data types and data
structures and query and report design
• DBMS fundamentals, particularly during the design phase
• Function and features of data types and data structures
• Data redundancy
• Encryption and authentication as they apply to database
security features
• Scalability of databases
Skills • determine database requirements
• develop logical data model
• design data structures
• design queries, screens and reports
• design access and security systems
• confirm database design

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Unit Title Use Basic Structured Query Language
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to use a basic
structured query language (SQL) to define, create and
manipulate database structures and associated data in a
relational database.
1. Write an SQL 1.1 All the data from a table is retrieved following work
statement to procedure.
retrieve and 1.2 Data from specific columns in a single table is retrieved.
sort data
1.3 'Order by' is used to sort query output.
1.4 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing criteria in
the 'where' clause.
1.5 Number of rows restricted is retrieved by placing specific
criteria in the select statement.
1.6 Comparison operators in the 'where' clause is used to
compare numeric, character, string, date and time data
1.7 Boolean operators is used with the correct precedence
1.8 Criteria in the 'where' clause is used to check for a range of
values, to select values from a list, and to check for values
that match a pattern
1.9 SQL syntax is used to suppress duplicate values from
query results
1.10 Action is taken to exclude null values from a query result
2. Write SQL 2.1 Arithmetical operators is used with the correct
statements precedence
that use
2.2 String functions and operators is used to obtain the required
functions
query output
2.3 Mathematical functions is used to obtain the required
output, where required
2.4 Date functions are used to obtain the required output
2.5 SQL aggregate functions are used to obtain the required
output

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3. Write SQL 3.1 'Group by' used to aggregate data by multiple columns
statements 3.2 Aggregated data is sorted in the query output
that use
aggregation 3.3 Aggregated data is filtered using the 'having' clause
and filtering
4. Write and 4.1 Single and nested sub-queries are constructed
execute SQL
4.2 Sub-queries are constructed that return a single row, and
sub-queries
multiple rows
4.3 Correlated sub-queries are used to retrieve required data
4.4 Sub-queries are written that use aggregates
Variable Range
Comparison May include
operators • equal to,
• not equal to
• greater than
• less than
• greater than or equal to
• less than or equal to
Boolean May include
operators • the use of AND, OR, NOT
Database May include but are not limited to
• Oracle
• Sybase,
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Ingres
• DB2
• Informix
• MySQL
• Postgres SQL
Arithmetical May include but not limited to:
operators • Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Modulus
• division
Mathematical May include but not limited to:
functions • COS
• log
• power

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• Sine
• square root
requirements • reports
• Summaries
• letters
• other business documents required by the organization
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to use a structured query
Competence language to create database structures, and store, retrieve and
manipulate data in a relational database.
An individual demonstrating this competency would be able to:
• Write an SQL statement to retrieve and sort data
• Write SQL statements that use functions
• Write SQL statements that use aggregation and filtering
• Write and execute SQL sub-queries
Knowledge and • Broad knowledge of data modeling structures
Attitudes • Data analysis, particularly in determining data types, data
structures and to query and report design
• Run time facilities in relation to implementing live database
• DBMS fundamentals

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Unit Title Design Program Logic
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to describe the various
processes in a program to ensure that there is understanding of
user and design requirements.
1. Select the 1.1 Design documentation is obtained and the requirements for
program logic the programs are reviewed and clarified.
design 1.2 Design approach to be taken in coding and the modules and
approach
links required is determined
2. Document the 2.1 Diagrams of program flow and modules are structured
program logic according to project standards
or design
2.2 Program scope and limits are documented according to
project standards
2.3 Special routines or procedures are documented or referenced
according to project standards
2.4 References for tables, files, inputs, outputs, and other
program functionalities are identified and revised according to
program requirements
2.5 Templates are used as applicable
3. Validate the 3.1 Program flow, states or conditions are checked for interfaces
design and compliance to design documentation requirements
3.2 Feedback/input is gained from appropriate person as
needed
Variable Range
Design The various program logic design approach may include, but not
approach limited to the use of:
• pseudo codes
• flowcharts
• diagrams
• ERDs
• HIPO Charts
• data flow diagrams
• data structures

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• RAD
• case tools
• prototyping
• modular programming
Design Any form of written documentation of the system or program
documentation requirements received by a programmer from the systems analyst,
project manager or supervisor.
Appropriate This may be the:
person • systems analyst
• supervisor
• another programmer
• teacher
• user
Project This may include, but not limited to:
standards • Client imposed systems development standards
methodologies
• Available commercial tools like: Visio, Smart draw, or case
tools
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
of Competence • Programming and program logic formulation or design skills
• Assessment must confirm the ability to meet technical
requirements by successfully producing the required program
design
Knowledge and • Understanding of system specification and requirements
Attitudes • Knowledge of programming or coding
• Knowledge of programming using constructs/ modules/ objects
• Concepts of various program and system lifecycle options
• Knowledge of program design and structure
Skills • Use and application of various design documentation tools
• Coding programs
• Designing and debugging program logic and flow
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.

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Unit Title Test Physical Database Implementation
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to test database
performance using database management system modeling.
1. Undertake 1.1 Database prototype is reviewed, as appropriate, to

database determine acceptance criteria and performance standards
management 1.2 Test data is loaded according to the technical sequence
system
detailed in documentation
modeling
1.3 A test schedule is generated for the database of tasks to be
performed and results expected
2. Test database 2.1 Database performance is evaluated against acceptance
performance criteria and performance standards
2.2 Discrepancies in results are identified where expected
outcomes do not meet acceptance criteria
2.3 Areas needing enhancement is identified and changes to
be made documented
2.4 Database is modified according to project standards
2.5 Performance testing is repeated until expected results are
achieved
3. Seek client 3.1 Test results in a document is presented and provided to
feedback and client for feedback
signoff
3.2 Client change requests are incorporated as appropriate
3.3 Client sign-off is secured for testing process
Variable Range
version control, project management templates and report
writing, maintaining equipment inventory; client training and
satisfaction reports.
Database May include but are not limited to relational databases, object-
relational databases, proprietary databases, commercial off-the-
shelf (COTS) database packages.
Acceptance May include timeframe, cost implications, technical and logistical
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criteria considerations
organizations, clubs, individual people and internal employees.
Tasks May include but are not limited to work, activities, function or job.
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of • Assessment must confirm the ability to identify technical
Competence considerations affecting implementation of the database and
the ability to analyze performance issues during
implementation of the database
• An individual demonstrating this competence would be able to:
Undertake database management system modeling
Monitor database performance
Seek client feedback and signoff
Knowledge and • three or more current principles of databases
Attitudes • current industry-accepted hardware and software products,
with broad knowledge of general features and
• capabilities and detailed knowledge in some areas
• database design
• quality assurance practices
• general knowledge of the client business domain
• testing and benchmarking processes
Skills • Test database performance
• Undertake database management system modeling

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Unit Title Complete Database Backup and Recovery
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to back-up and
recover a database
1. Review 1.1 The architecture of a database file system is identified and

database consequently, determined the most appropriate methods for
architecture back-up and recovery
1.2 Risks and failure scenarios are identified and examined that
are likely or possible
2. Determine 2.1 A range of back-up and restoration methods are evaluated
backup based on organizational and security standard and on the
methods assessment of likely or possible failure scenarios
appropriate to
2.2 Full off-line back-ups are completed according to
database
organizational and security standards with minimal down time
requirements
2.3 On-line file back-ups are completed as determined by
organizational and security standards and with minimal down
time
2.4 Disk mirroring and redundant array of inexpensive disks
(RAID) hard disk configurations are employed to keep copies
of files
2.5 Off-site copies of back-up files are arranged
3. Establish 3.1 Database recovery points are determined based on the back-
recovery up arrangements according to organizational Guidelines.
points and
3.2 The restore process is tested in order to ensure that the
disaster
database can be restored to a given recovery point, with
recovery
minimal down time
procedures
3.3 The restoration of the database to the point of failure is
completed, without loss of committed transactions

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Variable Range
(OHS) ventilation, light position, correct lifting method, and length of
equipment • Computers , DBMS software, Tapes, Server
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to:
Competence • apply problem solving techniques to determine the root cause
of a routine malfunction or to refer the problem according to
escalation procedures
Knowledge and • Broad knowledge of help desk and maintenance practices
with broad knowledge of general features and capabilities and
detailed knowledge in some areas
• Broad knowledge of the operating system
• Broad knowledge of current industry practices
• Broad knowledge of diagnostic tools
Skills • review database architecture
• determine backup methods appropriate to database
requirements
• establish recovery points and disaster recovery procedures

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Unit Title Create Technical Documentation
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to create technical
documentation that is clear to the target audience and easy to
navigate
1. Identify and 1.1 The client is consulted to identify documentation

analyze requirements.
documentation
1.2 Documentation requirements are interpreted and evaluated,
needs
and details with the client confirmed
1.3 Industry and documentation standards are investigated for
requirements
1.4 The scope of work is defined and documented to be
produced
1.5 The client is consulted to validate and confirm the scope of
work
2. Design 2.1 Information requirements are identified with reference to
documentation layout and structure documented
2.2 Document templates and style guides are created consistent
with information requirements
2.3 A review of the system is conducted in order to understand
its functionality
2.4 Content that meets information requirements is extracted in
accordance with relevant copyright restrictions
2.5 The structure of the technical documentation is developed
giving focus to the flow of information, style, tone and
content format
2.6 The technical documentation structure is validated with the
client
3. Develop 3.1 Technical documentation is written based on the template
documentation and scope of work using the information gathered
3.2 Technical terminology is translated into plain English where
appropriated
3.3 Content format and style is applied in accordance with
relevant documentation standards and templates

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4. Evaluate and 4.1 Technical documentation is submitted to appropriate
edit person for reviewed
documentation 4.2 Feedback is gathered and analyzed following working
guideline.
4.3 Alterations into the technical documentation is incorporated
4.4 The technical documentation is edited for technical and
grammatical accuracy
Variable Range
Requirements May be in reference to the business, system, application,
organizational policies, network or people in the organisation
organizations, individual people and internal employees
System May include but is not limited to network, application, software,
business, computers, financial system, management system and
information system
Technical May include system or project specifications, system design,
documentation system functionality, reports, help references, technical manuals,
operational procedures, training materials and self-paced
tutorials, on-line help, user guides and brochures.
Appropriate May include a supervisor, teacher, authorized business
person representative or client.
Channels May include text, audio, animation and graphics provided through
books, manuals, CD-ROMs, DVDs, computer-based tutorials,
help screens and the world wide web.
Content May include information and interactive features, such as product
information, company information, copyright and disclaimer
notices, site map, frequently asked questions, what's new,
customer-specific information, customer only information, error
messages, instructions, feedback mechanisms, reference pages,
forms, background articles, ratings/rankings/testimonials/quotes
from reviews, hyperlink titles.
Documentation May include but are not limited to policy relating to sign-off,
standards storage, distribution, revision. May include ISO/IEC/AS
standards, organizational standards, audit trails, naming
conventions, version control, project management templates and
report writing principles

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Assessment must confirm the ability to create technical
Competence documentation that meets business requirements, caters for a
diverse readership, is clear to the target audience and easy to
navigate such as
• Identified and analyzed documentation needs
• Designed documentation
• Developed documentation
• Evaluated and edited Documentation
Knowledge and • Content features, such as clarity and readability
Attitudes • Instructional design principles
• Functions and features of templates and style guides
• Document design, web design and usability
• The use of word processing software and multimedia
authoring tools
• Identifying target audiences
• Analyzing audience needs
• Identifying relevant content
• Determining appropriate content, formats and styles
• Writing content
Skills • design documentation
• develop documentation

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Unit Title Model Data Objects
Unit Descriptor This unit defines the competency required to understand
business operations, identify entities and data, diagrammatically
represent their relationships and prepare a data model.
1. Identify entities 1.1 Business data are analyzed to understand operations

and
1.2 Boundaries of the system are identified
relationships
1.3 Entities, attributes, data types and relationships of data are
identified
1.4 Business rules are reviewed to determine impact
1.5 Relationships are documented in an entity relationship
diagram
2. Develop 2.1 Normalization of business data undertaken and results are
normalization documented
2.2 Normalization results are compared with entity relationship
diagram
2.3 Differences between data are reconciled, if any
3. Validate model 3.1 Data model is validated with client
3.2 Issues or recommendations arising are resolved
3.3 Completed data model are documented
3.4 Final approval is submitted to client
Variable Range
Occupational May include but not limited to:
Health and Safety • Correct posture, lighting, type of desk, type of monitor, style of
chair, typing position, repetitive strain injury
• Prevention, ventilation, light position, correct lifting method,
and length of time in front of computer.

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databases, applications, servers, operating systems, gateways,
application service provider and ISP
Entities person, object or concept
Relationships May include one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many and one-
to-one
Data types May include the following categories:
• Numeric
• Character string
• Double-byte (or graphic) character string
• Date-time and binary string
• Large Object (LOB), binary large object (BLOB)
• Character large object (CLOB), double-byte character large
object (DBCLOB)
• User-defined type (UDT)
• Structured types and reference types
equipment • Smart draw, Visio, Rose and others; Computers, secondary
storage devices
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of • Assessment must confirm the ability to model valid data
Competence objects and normalize the model.
• An individual demonstrating this competency would be able to:
Identify entities, attributes and relationships
Develop normalization
Validate model
Knowledge and • Particular business or domain
Attitudes • Validation procedures and processes
• Function and features of an approach to data modeling (e.g.
the entity-relationship model)
• Database identifiers and their impact on database usability
• Function and features of user-defined types, structured
types, reference types and user-defined functions
• Type hierarchies (e.g. sub types, super types, root types
with reference to the development of structured data types)
• Features and function of keys (e.g. unique keys, composite
keys, primary keys and primary index)
• Features and function of time stamps in relation to the use of
keys
• Normalization rules and processes

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Skills • develop normalization
• validate model
Methods of Competency may be assessed through:
Assessment • Interview / Written Test / Oral Questioning

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Unit Title Monitor Implementation of Workplan/Activities
Unit Descriptor This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to oversee
and monitor the quality of work operations within an enterprise.
This unit may be carried out by team leaders, supervisors or
managers.
1. Monitor and 1.1 Efficiency and service levels are monitored on an ongoing
improve basis.
workplace 1.2 Operations in the workplace support overall enterprise goals
operations and quality assurance initiatives.
1.3 Quality problems and issues are promptly identified and
adjustments are made accordingly.
1.4 Procedures and systems are changed in consultation with
colleagues to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
1.5 Colleagues are consulted about ways to improve efficiency
and service levels.
2. Plan and 2.1 Current workload of colleagues is accurately assessed.
organise 2.2 Work is scheduled in a manner which enhances efficiency
workflow and customer service quality.
2.3 Work is delegated to appropriate people in accordance with
principles of delegation.
2.4 Workflow is assessed against agreed objectives and
timelines.
2.5 Colleagues are assisted in prioritisation of workload.
2.6 Input is provided to appropriate management regarding
staffing needs.
3. Maintain 3.1 Workplace records are accurately completed and submitted
workplace within required timeframes.
records 3.2 Where appropriate completion of records is delegated and
monitored prior to submission.
4. Solve 4.1 Workplace problems are promptly identified and considered
problems and from an operational and customer service perspective.
make 4.2 Short term action in initiated to resolve the immediate
decisions problem where appropriate.
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4.3 Problems are analysed for any long term impact and potential
solutions are assessed and actioned in consultation with
relevant colleagues.
4.4 Where problem is raised by a team member, they are
encouraged to participate in solving the problem.
4.5 Follow up action is taken to monitor the effectiveness of
solutions in the workplace.
Variable Range
Workplace May include but is not limited to:
records • staff records
• regular performance reports
Evidence Guide Description

Critical Aspects • ability to effectively monitor and respond to a range of common
of Competence operational and service issues in the workplace
• understanding of the role of staff involved in workplace
monitoring
• knowledge of quality assurance, principles of workflow planning,
delegation and problem solving
Underpinning Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and • the roles and responsibilities of those involved in monitoring
Attitudes work operations
• overview of leadership and management responsibilities
• principles of work planning and time management
• typical work organisation methods appropriate to the industry
• quality assurance principles
• principles of delegation
• problem solving and decision making processes
• industrial and/or legislative issues which affect short term work
organization as appropriate to industry sector
Underpinning • Plan and organize workflow
Skills • Maintain workplace record
• Solve problems and make decisions
Resource Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
Assessment • Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
• Observation/Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated

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Unit Title Apply Quality Control
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, attitudes and skills required in
applying quality control on database administration.

1. Confirm quality 1.1 Quality standard procedures document for hardware and
standards network services are acquired and confirmed.
1.2 Quality documents are disseminated to staff in accordance
with the organization policy.
1.3 Standard procedures are introduced and explained to
organizational staff / personnel.
1.4 Standard procedures are revised / updated when necessary
2. Assess quality 2.1 Services delivered are checked against organization quality
of service standards and specifications
delivered 2.2 Service delivered are evaluated using the appropriate
evaluation parameters and in accordance with organization
standards
2.3 Causes of any identified faults are identified and corrective
actions are taken in accordance with organization policies
and procedures
3. Record 3.1 Basic information on the quality performance is recorded in
information accordance with organization procedures
3.2 Records of work quality are maintained according to the
requirements of the organization
4. Study causes 4.1 Causes of deviations from final outputs or services are
of quality investigated and reported in accordance with organization
deviations procedures
4.2 Suitable preventive action is recommended based on
organization quality standards and identified causes of
deviation from specified quality standards of final service or
output
5. Complete 5.1 Information on quality and other indicators of service
documentation performance is recorded.
5.2 All service processes and outcomes are recorded.

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Variable Range
Quality check • Check against specifications
• Visual inspection of final output
• Physical inspection of service
Quality standards • materials
• components
• process
Quality • standard specifications
parameters • procedures
• materials
Evidence Guide
Competence • Checked completed work continuously against standard
• Identified and isolated faulty or poor service
• Checked service delivered against organization standards
• Identified and applied corrective actions on the causes of
identified faults or error
• Recorded basic information regarding quality performance
• Investigated causes of deviations of services against standard
• Recommended suitable preventive actions
Underpinning • Relevant quality standards, policies and procedures
Knowledge • Characteristics of services
• Safety environment aspects of service processes
• Relevant evaluation techniques and quality checking
procedures
• Workplace procedures and reporting procedures
Underpinning • Interpret work instructions, specifications and standards
Skills appropriate to the required work or service
• Carry out relevant performance evaluation
• Maintain accurate work records in accordance with procedures
• Meet work specifications and requirements
• Communicate effectively within defined workplace procedures
Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications • Access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment and materials relevant to the activity/ task
Assessment • Interview / Observation / Demonstration
Context for Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a

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Unit Title Lead Small Teams
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, attitudes and skills to lead small
teams including setting and maintaining team and individual
performance standards.
1. Provide team 1.1. Work requirements are identified and presented to team
leadership members.
1.2. Reasons for instructions and requirements are communicated
to team members.
1.3. Team members’ queries and concerns are recognized,
discussed and dealt with.
2. Assign 2.1. Duties and responsibilities are allocated having regarded to
responsibilities the skills, knowledge and aptitude required to properly
undertake the assigned task and according to company
policy.
2.2. Duties are allocated having regard to individual preference,
domestic and personal considerations, whenever possible.
3. Set 3.1. Performance expectations are established based on client
performance needs and according to assignment requirements.
expectations 3.2. Performance expectations are based on individual team
for team
members duties and area of responsibility.
members
3.3. Performance expectations are discussed and disseminated to
individual team members.
4. Supervised 4.1. Monitoring of performance takes place against defined
team performance criteria and/or assignment instructions and
performance corrective action taken if required
4.2. Team members are provided with feedback, positive support
and advice on strategies to overcome any deficiencies
4.3. Performance issues which cannot be rectified or addressed
within the team are referenced to appropriate personnel
according to employer policy
4.4. Team members are kept informed of any changes in the
priority allocated to assignments or tasks which might impact
on client/customer needs and satisfaction

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4.5. Team operations are monitored to ensure that employer/
client needs and requirements are met
4.6. Follow-up communication is provided on all issues affecting
the team
4.7. All relevant documentation is completed in accordance with
company procedures
Variable Range
Work • client profile
requirements • assignment instructions
Team member’s
• roster/shift details
concerns
Monitor • formal process
performance • informal process
Feedback • formal process
• informal process
Evidence Guide
Competence • maintained or improved individuals and/or team performance
given a variety of possible scenario
• assessed and monitored team and individual performance
against set criteria
• represented concerns of a team and individual to next level of
management or appropriate specialist and to negotiate on their
behalf
• allocated duties and responsibilities, having regard to
individual’s knowledge, skills and aptitude and the needs of the
tasks to be performed
• set and communicated performance expectations for a range
of tasks and duties within the team and provided feedback to
team members
Knowledge and • company policies and procedures
Attitudes • relevant legal requirements
• how performance expectations are set
• methods of monitoring performance
• client expectations
• team member’s duties and responsibilities

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Underpinning • communication skills required for leading teams
Skills • informal performance counseling skills
• team building skills
• negotiating skills
Resource • access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
• materials relevant to the proposed activity or task
Assessment • Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
Context of Competence may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through accredited institution

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Unit Title Lead Workplace Communication
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, attitudes and skills to lead in the
dissemination and discussion of information and issues in the
workplace.
1. Communicate 1.1 Appropriate communication method is selected

information 1.2 Multiple operations involving several topics areas are
about communicated accordingly.
workplace
processes 1.3 Questions are used to gain extra information.
1.4 Correct sources of information are identified.
1.5 Information is selected and organized correctly.
1.6 Verbal and written reporting is undertaken when required.
1.7 Communication skills are maintained in all situations.
2. Lead 2.1 Response to workplace issues is sought.
workplace 2.2 Response to workplace issues are provided immediately.
discussion
2.3 Constructive contributions are made to workplace
discussions on such issues as production, quality and
safety.
2.4 Goals/objectives and action plan undertaken in the
workplace are communicated.
3. Identify and 3.1 Issues and problems are identified as they arise.
communicate
3.2 Information regarding problems and issues are organized
issues arising
coherently to ensure clear and effective communication.
in the
workplace 3.3 Dialogue is initiated with appropriate staff/personnel.
3.4 Communication problems and issues are raised as they
arise.
Variable Range
Methods of • Non-verbal gestures
communication • Verbal
• Face to face
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• Two-way radio
• Speaking to groups
• Using telephone
• Written
• Using Internet
• Cell phone
Evidence Guide
Competence • dealt with a range of communication/information at one time
• made constructive contributions in workplace issues
• sought workplace issues effectively
• responded to workplace issues promptly
• presented information clearly and effectively written form
• used appropriate sources of information
• asked appropriate questions
• provided accurate information
Knowledge and • organization requirements for written and electronic
Attitudes communication methods
• effective verbal communication methods
Skills • organize information
• understand and convey intended meaning
• participate in variety of workplace discussions
• comply with organization requirements for the use of written
and electronic communication methods
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications • variety of information, communication tools, simulated
workplace
Assessment • Interview
Context of Competence may be assessed individually in the actual
Assessment workplace or through accredited institution

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Unit Title Improve Business Practice
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required in
promoting, improving and growing business operations.

1. Diagnose the
1.1 Data required for diagnosis is determined and acquired
business
1.2 Competitive advantage of the business is determined from
the data
1.3 SWOT analysis of the data is undertaken
2. Benchmark 2.1 Sources of relevant benchmarking data are identified
the business
2.2 Key indicators for benchmarking are selected in
consultation with key stakeholders
2.3 Like indicators of own practice are compared with
benchmark indicators
2.4 Areas for improvement are identified
3. Develop plans
3.1 A consolidated list of required improvements is developed
to improve
business 3.2 Cost-benefit ratios for required improvements are
performance determined
3.3 Work flow changes resulting from proposed improvements
are determined
3.4 Proposed improvements are ranked according to agreed
criteria
3.5 An action plan to implement the top ranked improvements
is developed and agreed
3.6 Organizational structures are checked to ensure they are
suitable
4. Develop
4.1 The practice vision statement is reviewed
marketing and
promotional 4.2 Practice objectives are developed/reviewed
plans 4.3 Target markets are identified/refined
4.4 Market research data is obtained
4.5 Competitor analysis is obtained
4.6 Market position is developed/reviewed
4.7 Practice brand is developed

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4.8 Benefits of practice/practice products/services are
identified
4.9 Promotion tools are selected/developed
5. Develop
5.1 Plans to increase yield per existing client are developed
business
growth plans 5.2 Plans to add new clients are developed
5.3 Proposed plans are ranked according to agreed criteria
5.4 An action plan to implement the top ranked plans is
developed and agreed
5.5 Practice work practices are reviewed to ensure they support
growth plans
6. Implement and 6.1 Implementation plan is developed in consultation with all
monitor plans
relevant stakeholders
6.2 Indicators of success of the plan are agreed
6.3 Implementation is monitored against agreed indicators
6.4 Implementation is adjusted as required
Variable Range
Data required • organization capability
includes: • appropriate business structure
• level of client service which can be provided
• internal policies, procedures and practices
• staff levels, capabilities and structure
• market, market definition
• market changes/market segmentation
• market consolidation/fragmentation
• revenue
• level of commercial activity
• expected revenue levels, short and long term
• revenue growth rate
• break even data
• pricing policy
• revenue assumptions
• business environment
• economic conditions
• social factors
• demographic factors
• technological impacts
• political/legislative/regulative impacts

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• competitors, competitor pricing and response to pricing
• competitor marketing/branding
• competitor products
Competitive • services/products
advantage • fees
includes: • location
• timeframe
Objectives should • Specific
be 'SMART' , that • Measurable
• Achievable
• Realistic
• Time defined
Market research • data about existing clients
data includes: • data about possible new clients
• data from internal sources
• data from external sources such as:
• trade associations/journals
• Yellow Pages small business surveys
• libraries
• Internet
• Chamber of Commerce
• client surveys and industry reports
• secondary market research
• primary market research such as:
• telephone surveys
• personal interviews
• mail surveys
Competitor • competitor offerings
analysis • competitor promotion strategies and activities
• competitor profile in the market place
SWOT analysis • internal strengths such as staff capability, recognized
includes: • quality
• internal weaknesses such as poor morale,
• under-capitalization, poor technology
• external opportunities such as changing market and
• economic conditions
• external threats such as industry fee structures, strategic
• alliances, competitor marketing
Key indicators • salary cost and staffing
may include: • personnel productivity (particularly of principals)
• profitability
• fee structure
• client base
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• size staff/principal
• overhead/overhead control
Organizational • legal structure (partnership, limited liability company, etc.)
structures • organizational structure/hierarchy
include: • reward schemes
Market position • product
should • the good or service provided
include data on: • product mix
• the core product - what is bought
• the tangible product - what is perceived
• the augmented product - total package of consumer
• features/benefits
• product differentiation from competitive products
• new/changed products
• price and pricing strategies (cost plus, supply/demand, ability
to pay, etc.)
• pricing objectives (profit, market penetration, etc.)
• cost components
• market position
• distribution strategies
• marketing channels
• promotion
• promotional strategies
• target audience
• communication
• promotion budget
Practice brand • practice image
may include: • practice logo/letter head/signage
• phone answering protocol
• facility decor
• slogans
• templates for communication/invoicing
• style guide
• writing style
• AIDA (attention, interest, desire, action)
Benefits may • features as perceived by the client
include: • benefits as perceived by the client
Promotion tools • networking and referrals
include: • seminars
• advertising
• press releases
• publicity and sponsorship
• brochures

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• newsletters (print and/or electronic)
• websites
• direct mail
• telemarketing/cold calling
Yield per existing • raising charge out rates/fees
client may be • packaging fees
increased by: • reduce discounts
• sell more services to existing clients
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects The candidate must be able to demonstrate:
of Competence • ability to identify the key indicators of business performance
• ability to identify the key market data for the business
• knowledge of a wide range of available information sources
• ability to acquire information not readily available within a
business
• ability to analyze data and determine areas of improvement
• ability to negotiate required improvements to ensure
implementation
• ability to evaluate systems against practice requirements
• and form recommendations and/or make recommendations
• ability to assess the accuracy and relevance of information
Knowledge and • data analysis
Attitudes • communication skills
• computer skills to manipulate data and present information
• negotiation skills and problem solving
• planning skills
• marketing principles
• ability to acquire and interpret relevant data
• current product and marketing mix
• use of market intelligence
• development and implementation strategies of promotion and
growth plans
Underpinning • data analysis and manipulation
Skills • ability to acquire and interpret required data
• current practice systems and structures
• sources of relevant benchmarking data
• methods of selecting relevant key benchmarking indicators
• communication skills
• working and consulting with others when developing plans for
the business
• negotiation skills and problem solving
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• using computers to manipulate, present and distribute
information
• planning skills
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implications including work areas, materials and equipment, and to information
on workplace practices and OHS practices.
Assessment • Interview / Written Test
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated

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Maintain Quality System and Continuous Improvement
Unit Title
Processes (Kaizen)
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence covers the skills and knowledge
required to prevent process improvements in their own work
from slipping back to former practices or digressing to less
efficient practices. It covers responsibility for the day- to-day
operation of the work/functional area and ensuring that quality
system requirements are met and that continuous
improvements are initiated and institutionalized.
1. Develop and 1.1 Distribute and explain information about the enterprise's
maintain quality quality system to personnel
framework
1.2 Encourage personnel to participate in improvement
within work area
processes and to assume responsibility and authority
1.3 Allocate responsibilities for quality within work area in
accordance with quality system
1.4 Provide coaching and mentoring to ensure that
personnel are able to meet their responsibilities and
quality requirements
2. Maintain quality 2.1 Identify required quality documentation, including records
documentation of improvement plans and initiatives
2.2 Prepare and maintain quality documentation and keep
accurate data records
2.3 Maintain document control system for work area
2.4 Contribute to the development and revision of quality
manuals and work instructions for the work area
2.5 Develop and implement inspection and test plans for
quality controlled products

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3. Facilitate the 3.1 Ensure all required procedures are accessible by
application of relevant personnel
standardized
3.2 Assist personnel to access relevant procedures, as
procedures
required
3.3 Facilitate the resolution of conflicts arising from job
3.4 Facilitate the completion of required work in accordance
with standard procedures and practices
4. Provide training 4.1 Analyze roles, duties and current competency of relevant
in quality personnel
systems and 4.2 Identify training needs in relation to quality system and
improvement
continuous improvement processes (kaizen)
processes
4.3 Identify opportunities for skills development and/or training
programs to meet needs
4.4 Initiate and monitor training and skills development
programs
4.5 Maintain accurate training record
5. Monitor and 5.1 Review performance outcomes to identify ways in which
review planning and operations could be improved
performance
5.2 Use the organization’s systems and technology to
monitor and review progress and to identify ways in which
planning and operations could be improved
5.3 Enhance customer service through the use of quality
improvement techniques and processes
5.4 Adjust plans and communicate these to personnel
involved in their development and implementation
6. Build continuous 6.1 Organize and facilitate improvement team
improvement
6.2 Encourage work group members to routinely monitor key
process
process indicators
6.3 Build capacity in the work group to critically review the
relevant parts of the value chain
6.4 Assist work group members to formalize improvement
suggestions
6.5 Facilitate relevant resources and assist work group
members to develop implementation plans
6.6 Monitor implementation of improvement plans taking
appropriate actions to assist implementation where
required.

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7. Facilitate the 7.1 Analyze the job completion process
identification of 7.2 Ask relevant questions of job incumbent
improvement
opportunities 7.3 Encourage job incumbents to conceive and suggest
improvements
7.4 Facilitate the trying out of improvements, as appropriate
8. Evaluate 8.1 Undertake regular audits of components of the quality
relevant system that relate to the work area
components of 8.2 Implement improvements in the quality system in
quality system
accordance with own level of responsibility and workplace
procedures
8.3 Facilitate the updating of standard procedures and
practices
8.4 Ensure the capability of the work team aligns with the
requirements of the procedure
Variable Range
Coaching and May refer to:
mentoring • providing assistance with problem-solving
• providing feedback, support and encouragement
• teaching another member of the team, usually focusing on
a specific work task or skill
Continuous May include:
improvement • cyclical audits and reviews of workplace, team and
processes may individual performance
include: • evaluations and monitoring of effectiveness
• implementation of quality systems, such as International
Standardization for Organization (ISO)
• modifications and improvements to systems, processes,
services and products
• policies and procedures which allow the organization to
systematically review and improve the quality of its
products, services and procedures
• seeking and considering feedback from a range of
stakeholders
• Kaizen
• Enterprise-specific improvement systems

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Technology May include:
• computerized systems and software such as databases,
project management and word processing
• telecommunications devices
• any other technology used to carry out work roles and
responsibilities
Customer service May be:
• internal or external
• to existing, new or potential clients
Key process Key process indicators may include:
indicators • statistical process control data/charts
• orders
• lost time, injury and other OHS records
• equipment reliability charts, etc.
Continuous May include:
improvement tools • statistics
• cause and effect diagrams
• fishbone diagram
• Pareto diagrams
• run charts
• X bar R charts
• PDCA
• Sigma techniques
• balanced scorecards
• benchmarking
• performance measurement
• upstream and downstream customers
• internal and external customers immediate and/or final
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Evidence of the following is essential:
Competence • taking active steps to implement, monitor and adjust plans,
processes and procedures to improve performance
• supporting others to implement the continuous
improvement system/processes, and to identify and report
opportunities for further improvement
• knowledge of principles and techniques associated with
continuous improvement systems and processes
• assist others to follow standard procedures and practices
• assist others make improvement suggestions
• standardize and sustain improvements
Assessors should ensure that candidates can:
• implement and monitor defined quality system

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• requirements and initiate continuous improvements within
the work area
• apply effective problem identification and problem solving
techniques
• strengthen customer service through a focus on continuous
improvement
• implement, monitor and evaluate quality systems in the
work area
• initiate quality processes to enhance the quality of
performance of individuals and teams in the work area
• gain commitment of individuals/teams to quality principles
and practices
• implement effective communication strategies
• encourage ideas and feedback from team members when
developing and refining techniques and processes
• analyze training needs and implement training programs
• prepare and maintain quality and audit documentation
Knowledge and • principles and techniques associated with:
Attitudes − benchmarking
− best practice
− change management
− continuous improvement systems and processes
− quality systems
• range of procedures available and their application to
different jobs
• applicability of takt time and muda to jobs
• identification and possible causes of variability in jobs
• continuous improvement process for organization
• questioning techniques
• methods of conceiving improvements
• suggestion and try out procedures
• relevant OHS
• quality measurement tools for use in continuous
improvement processes
• established communication channels and protocols
• communication/reporting protocols
• continuous improvement principles and process
• enterprise business goals and key performance indicators
• enterprise information systems management
• enterprise organizational structure, delegations and
responsibilities
• policy and procedure development processes
• relevant health, safety and environment requirements
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• relevant national and international quality standards and
protocols
• standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the technical
work performed in work area
• enterprise quality system
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
• coach and mentor team members
• gain the commitment of individuals and teams to
continuously improve
• innovate or design better ways of performing work
• communicate with relevant people
• prioritize and plan tasks related to encouraging and
improving use of standardized procedures
• negotiate with others to resolve conflicts and gain
commitment to standardized procedures
• facilitate other employees in improvement activities
• implement and monitor defined quality system requirements
• initiate continuous improvements within the work area
• apply effective problem identification and problem solving
techniques
• strengthen customer service through a focus on continuous
improvement
• implement, monitor and evaluate quality systems
• implement effective communication strategies
• encourage ideas and feedback from team members when
developing and refining techniques and processes
• analyze training needs and implementing training programs
• prepare and maintain quality and audit documentation
Resources Access may be required to:
Implication • workplace procedures and plans relevant to work area
• specifications and documentation relating to planned,
currently being implemented, or implemented changes to
work processes and procedures relevant to the candidate
• documentation and information in relation to production,
waste, overheads and hazard control/management
• enterprise quality manual and procedures
• quality control data/records
Methods of Competence in this unit may be assessed by using a
Assessment combination of the following to generate evidence:
• demonstration in the workplace
• suitable simulation
• oral or written questioning to assess knowledge of
procedures and contingency management; principles and
techniques associated with change management
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• review of the audit process and outcomes generated by the
candidates
Those aspects of competence dealing with improvement
processes could be assessed by the use of suitable
simulations and/or a pilot plant and/or a range of case studies
and scenarios.
In all cases, practical assessment should be supported by
questions to assess underpinning knowledge and those
aspects of competence which are difficult to assess directly.
Assessment simulated workplace setting / environment.

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Sector: Information and Communication Technology
Sub-Sector: Information Technology
Level V IT Service Management
Level IV Hardware and Web and Multimedia Designing Database

Network Servicing and Development Administration
Level III Hardware and Web and Multimedia Designing Database

Network Servicing and Development Administration
Level II IT Support Service
Level I IT Support Service

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Acknowledgement
We wish to extend thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of business,
industry, academe and government agencies who donated their time and expertise to
the development of this occupational standard.
We would like also to express our appreciation to the Staff and Experts of MoFED,
Ministry of Education (MoE) and Engineering Capacity Building Program (ecbp) who
made the development of this occupational standard possible.
This occupational standard was revised and finalized on August 2011 Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.

Page 103 of 103

EOS Database Administration L3 &amp; L4

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Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a standard

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

EIS DBA4 01 0811 EIS DBA4 02 0811 EIS DBA4 03 0811

EIS DBA4 04 0811 EIS DBA4 05 0811 EIS DBA4 06 0811

EIS DBA4 07 0811 EIS DBA4 08 0811 EIS DBA4 09 0811

EIS DBA4 10 0811 EIS DBA4 11 0811 EIS DBA4 12 0811

EIS DBA4 13 0811 EIS DBA4 14 0811 EIS DBA4 15 0811

EIS DBA4 16 1012

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

EIS DBA3 01 0811 EIS DBA3 02 0811 EIS DBA3 03 0811

EIS DBA3 04 0811 EIS DBA3 05 0811 EIS DBA3 06 0811

EIS DBA3 07 0811 EIS DBA3 08 0811 EIS DBA3 09 0811

EIS DBA3 10 0811 EIS DBA3 11 0811 EIS DBA3 12 0811

EIS DBA3 13 0811 EIS DBA3 14 0811 EIS DBA3 15 1012

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Monitor data 1.1 Conversion supporting documentation is obtained and

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1 Business requirements are defined following existing data.

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Start up a 1.1 Configure system for database start-up

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Diagnose 1.1 Appropriate database performance diagnostic tool to use

3. Tune database 3.1 Module performance is tracked according to specifications.

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Establish 1.1 Quality specifications are developed and agreed upon in

Ministry of Education Database Administration Version 3

EOS Database Administration L3 & L4

EOS Database Administration L3 & L4