CATEGORY:

PROBLEM:

STRATEGY:

STRATEGY DESCRIPTION:

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLE:
 CATEGORY PROBLEM STRATEGY
Glue
Hooks
Microscopic hair
Adhere
Ridges
Sharp point
Suction cup
Detachable particles
Adhesion Micro non-smooth surface
Anti-adhere
Ridges
Split end
Dense hair
Interlocking mechanism
Attach Ridges
Suction cup
Vine
Gaseous exchange Change of pressure
Airflow Alter density
Ventilation
Alter flowrate
Float/submerge Alter density
Buoyancy
Float Water surface tension
Increase exposure
Effective collection Darker colour
Lens
Collection of light
Fluorophores (glow-in-the-dark)
Light trap Lens
Transparent
Increase exposure
Spikes
Effective collection
Collection of particles Tangential flow filter
Water surface tension
Prevent clogging Tangential flow filter
Change of physical state
Condensation
Guide tunnel
Hydrophilic
Effective collection
Hygroscopic substance
Increase exposure
Microscopic hair
Collection of water Water surface tension
Change of physical state
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Prevent water loss Hygroscopic substance
Reduce exposure
Reduce temperature
Sponge or cork
 Hygrochromic
Camouflage
Photochromic substance
Hygrochromic
Melanin
Colour change Change of colour Photochromic substance
Tube - Cylinder
Wave interference
Tube - Cylinder
Enhance appearance
Wave interference
Aerofoil / hydrofoil
Angled wings
Antagonistic pairs
Bent wingtip
Box-shaped
Box-shaped
Crescent-shaped
Aerodynamic/hydrodynamic Fins
Induced flow
Microscopic scales
Shape - Box
Shape - Curve
Undulated / waved edge
Undulating movement
Vortices
Energy saving (Aerodynamic/Hydrodynamic)
Crescent-shaped
Induced flow
Reduce exposure
Shape - Box
Reduce drag
Shape - Curve
Shape - Sharp tip
Shape - Streamlined
Undulated / waved edge
Shape - Box
Manoeuvrability
Fins
Produce vortices Stretchy material
Undulated / waved edge
Reduce aeronoise
Shape - Sharp tip
Bent wingtip
Reduce vortices
Microscopic scales
Anti-freeze Low-molecular-weight solutes
Collective members
Conserve energy Counter-current heat exchanger
Transparent
Energy saving (Heat)
Emit light Fluorophores (glow-in-the-dark)
Energy conversion Motion
Biomass
Thermogenesis
Motion

Energy saving (Work)
Single direction movement
Store and release energy
Material cost (reduction)
Extendable/retractable surface
Alter pressure
Bidirectional movement
Control movement
Dynamic movement
Effective transportation
Force amplification
High speed motion
Increase flowrate
Loosen
Traction
Transport
Hollow U-shaped sections
Light weight structures Square + diagonal struts
Bidirectional movement
Connecting method
Control movement
Cutting tool
Detach
Dynamic movement
Vortices
Stretchy material
Undulating movement
Puppet
Antagonistic pairs
Markers
Rolling motion
High speed
Spring
Pressurized chamber
Pressurized chamber
Nozzle
Hydrostatic pressure
Claw-like structure
Spring
Claw-like structure
Ridges
Spikes
Pressurized chamber
Puppet
Rolling motion
Suction
Anisotropic
Interlocking trusses
Layered composite
Shape - Spherical
Shape - Tetrahedral
Spiral structures
Stiff material
Tube - Cylinder
V-shaped structures
Air pockets
Shape - Hexagon
Stretchy material
Web supports
Undulating movement
Hinge
Stretchy material
Puppet
Serrated edge
Lines of weakness
Antagonistic pairs
Detachable
Hinge
Overlapping plates
 Extendable/retractable surface
Rolling action
Retractable
Stretchy material
Change of pressure
Fluid flow Vortices
Stretchy material
Mechanism Force amplification High speed
Spring
High speed motion Pressurized chamber
Pressurized chamber
Increase flowrate Nozzle
Loosen Hydrostatic pressure
Single direction movement Claw-like structure
Overlapping plates
Surface control
Rolling action
Store and release energy Spring
Claw-like structure
Traction Ridges
Spikes
Pressurized chamber
Suction
Transport
Puppet
Rolling motion
Compacting Vibration
Bilayer
Conserve space Retractable
Vibration
Detachable
Minimize space
Hinge
Extendable/retractable surface Overlapping plates
Rolling action
Stretchy material
Multifunctional Retractable
Thermal sensitive
Passive movement Self-bending
Hygroscopic substance
Interference Sonar
Protection Keep foreign object away Sharp point
Reduce unwanted exposure Wave interference
Electric field
Communication
Sonar
360 degree sight
Electric field
Light reflection
Detection
Natural frequency
Piezo sensor
Sensor Sonar
Effective communication Markers
 Sensor

360 degree sight

Electric field
Image tracking
Light reflection
Sonar
Image generation Tube - Tubular
Vibration detection Piezo sensor
Hooks
Supporting structures
Web supports
Bracts
Support Ridges
Grip/Hold Sharp point
Spikes
Vine
Air pockets
Heat insulation Counter-current heat exchanger
High specific heat capacity
Cooling ribs
Increase exposure
Increase humidity
Light reflection
Melanin
Keep cool
Reduce exposure
Thermoregulation
Reservoir
Underground
Water vapour
Wave interference
Collective members
Dark surface
Keep warm Shape - Hexagon
Increase exposure
Increase pressure
Concave surface
Grooves
Guide tunnel
Hydrophilic
Channelling Hydrophobic
Long tip
Pressurized chamber
Spikes
Water surface tension
Opened base
Drainage
Bottom inlet
Micro non-smooth surface
Microscopic hair
Keep clean Ridges
Tangential flow filters
Wax
Transfer
Transfer Bottom inlet
Cover
Hydrophobic
Hygroscopic substance
Inertia
Keep dry
Long tip
Micro non-smooth surface
Opened base
Water surface tension
Wax
Pressure Suction
Prism
Transfer light
Tube - Tubular
Puppet
Pressurized chamber
Transport/Relocate
Suction
Rolling motion
 DESCRIPTION
Glued onto another surface.
Hooked onto a surface.
Increased contact surface enhances molecular attractive force.
Attach by friction.
Sharp point sinks into foreign substance for better grip.
Water sucked into the groove / surrounding pressure press.
Particles covered sticky areas.
Microstructures reduces surface contact with foreign particles.
Grooves prevents particles holding onto it.
Reduced contact surface area.
Holds onto other objects.
Clicked together.
Attach by friction.
Water sucked into the groove / surrounding pressure press.
Twirl around support.
Low-speed fluid flows to high-speed fluid.
Hot air moves up, cool air moves in.
Fast flowing fluid has lower pressure.
Altering density by altering physical state.
Microstructures did not break the water surface tension.
Collects particles effectively.
Dark coloured surface collect radiation from diffused sunlight.
Sunlight directed to desired location.
Fluorophores emits light upon excitation of one wavelength.
Sunlight directed to desired location.
Sunlight penetrates translucent barrier.
Collects particles effectively.
Using spike to drag materials.
Desired particles are collected in the end of the filter.
Hydrophilic substance transport particle with water surface tension.
Desired particles are collected in the end of the filter.
Ice melts to produce water.
Water vapour condenses to liquid water upon contacting surface.
Moisture directed into the tunnel.
Hydrophilic substance attracts water particles.
Hygroscopic substance absorbs moisture.
Collects particles effectively.
Water cannot pass through the hair.
Hydrophilic substance transport particle with water surface tension.
Ice melts to produce water.
Hydrophilic substance attracts water particles.
Water could not evaporate through hydrophobic coating.
Hygroscopic substance absorbs moisture.
Reduce exposure to light to reduce evaporation.
Reflect excessive light.
Water evaporates slowly.
Colour change according to humidity.
Changes colour with intensity of light.
Colour change according to humidity.
Becomes whiter to reflect light.
Changes colour with intensity of light.
Diffraction and interference of light.
Diffraction and interference of light.
Diffraction and interference of light.
Diffraction and interference of light.
Produce lift.
Great lift force.
Change movement by altering system pressure.
Reduce wingtip vortices formation.
Destabilize to increase manoeuvrability of the system.
Streamlined motion in linear motion.
Reduce anterior resistance.
Controls movement with fins.
Flow induced by surrounding systems.
Small vortices prevent formation of large vortices.
Aerodynamic / hydrodynamic shape reduced vortices.
Slip through vortices.
Reduced wake region.
Undulating movements to control forward, backwards, upwards and downwards movements.
Big vortices have lower pressure.
Reduce anterior resistance.
Flow induced by surrounding systems.
Reduced surface reduces drag.
Streamlined shape in counter-current flow.
Slip through vortices.
Sharp tip reduces contact surface and reduces noises.
Streamlined shape ensures smooth fluid flow around the system.
Reduced wake region.
Destabilize to increase manoeuvrability of the system.
Controls movement with fins.
Big vortices have lower pressure.
Cause flow separation.
Sharp tip reduces contact surface and reduces noises.
Reduce wingtip vortices formation.
Small vortices prevent formation of large vortices.
Less energy needed to prevent freezing.
Collective members increase the effect of a phenomena.
Incoming warm fluid cooled by outgoing cool fluid.
Sunlight penetrates translucent barrier.
Fluorophores emits light upon excitation of one wavelength.
Heat is produced from another source of energy.
Heat produced from fermentation.
Heat is produced from another source of energy.
Big vortices have lower pressure.
Stretchy material able to produce more and bigger vortices.
Undulating movements to control forward, backwards, upwards and downwards movements.
Each part is controlled by a string.
Change movement by altering system pressure.
Leave markers to block undesired path.
Rolling motion saves more time than walking.
High speed amplifies force, Newton's second law.
Spring converts kinetic energy to elastic potential energy and vice versa.
Particles are pushed out hydraulically.
Pressurized air is released causing a recoil force.
Reduce outlet area to increase fluid flow.
System expands in a tight region to loosen it.
Moves forward with directional friction.
Spring converts kinetic energy to elastic potential energy and vice versa.
Moves forward with directional friction.
Ridges perpendicular to flow increases grip.
Increase friction by increasing number of contacts.
Pressurized air is released causing a recoil force.
Each part is controlled by a string.
Rolling motion saves more time than walking.
Sucked out goods.
Directional strength and weakness.
The structure twist instead of bend and distribute longitudinal forces.
Forces distributed by all interlocking trusses.
Increased impact time dissipates impact.
Shell distributes load, but weak to local penetration.
Combined tetrahedrons distributes compressive load to each member.
Spiral structures absorb lateral forces.
Struts distributes force.
Resist bending.
Resist tension / compression.
Structure prevents bending.
Deforms to reduce impact.
Minimal deflection from forces.
Rubbery material absorbs impact.
Lateral forces absorbed by webs.
Undulating movements to control forward, backwards, upwards and downwards movements.
Hinge opens up.
Connects detachable parts with stretchy material.
Each part is controlled by a string.
Serrated edge produces greater shear.
Line of weakness breaks to release the object.
Change movement by altering system pressure.
Detachable structures to increase size.
Increase the size of an opening.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Enables the system to possess 2 or more abilities.
Connects detachable parts with stretchy material.
Low-speed fluid flows to high-speed fluid.
Big vortices have lower pressure.
Stretchy material able to produce more and bigger vortices.
High speed amplifies force, Newton's second law.
Spring converts kinetic energy to elastic potential energy and vice versa.
Particles are pushed out hydraulically.
Pressurized air is released causing a recoil force.
Reduce outlet area to increase fluid flow.
System expands in a tight region to loosen it.
Moves forward with directional friction.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Spring converts kinetic energy to elastic potential energy and vice versa.
Moves forward with directional friction.
Ridges perpendicular to flow increases grip.
Increase friction by increasing number of contacts.
Pressurized air is released causing a recoil force.
Sucked out goods.
Each part is controlled by a string.
Rolling motion saves more time than walking.
Compaction by vibrating particles into pores.
Small bag containing big object.
Enables the system to possess 2 or more abilities.
Compaction by vibrating particles into pores.
Detachable structures to increase size.
Increase the size of an opening.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Controls the change of size of a surface.
Connects detachable parts with stretchy material.
Enables the system to possess 2 or more abilities.
Thermal expansion.
Hygroscopic material expands / contracts.
Interferes sound frequency.
Sharp points keep predator away.
Constructive / destructive interference.
Receives image based on reflected weak electric field.
Receives sonar image based on reflected sound waves.
360-degree camera to get full view of surrounding.
Receives image based on reflected weak electric field.
Receives image from reflected lights.
Detects object with vibration and resonance.
Detects movement of object by piezo sensors.
Receives sonar image based on reflected sound waves.
Leave markers to block undesired path.
360-degree camera to get full view of surrounding.
Receives image based on reflected weak electric field.
Receives image from reflected lights.
Receives sonar image based on reflected sound waves.
Light reflected in the tubes.
Detects movement of object by piezo sensors.
Hooked onto a surface.
Lateral forces absorbed by webs.
Forms a thick fur protecting the system.
Ridges perpendicular to flow increases grip.
Sharp point sinks into foreign substance for better grip.
Increase friction by increasing number of contacts.
Twirl around support.
Air as poor heat conductor.
Incoming warm fluid cooled by outgoing cool fluid.
The material is heated up slowly but loses heat quickly.
Heat dissipates with increased surface area.
Exposes heat to wide surface.
Water evaporates carrying heat energy away.
Bright colours reflect light energy.
Becomes whiter to reflect light.
Reduce light exposure.
Reservoir for low resource season.
Heat spreads to the ground surrounding.
Water vapour carries away heat.
Constructive / destructive interference.
Collective members increases the effect of a phenomena.
Absorbs heat from light energy.
Increased surface area towards light.
Increase light exposure.
Pressure rise increases temperature.
Particles are directed and collected at the centre.
Particles flow down the groove.
Moisture directed in the tunnel.
Hydrophilic substance attracts water particles.
Hydrophobic leaves and hydrophilic channel lead water out.
Water particles are channelled away faster.
Particles are pushed out hydraulically.
Using spike to drag materials.
Hydrophilic substance transport particle with water surface tension.
Water flows out of the opened base.
Water flows downward and do not enter the inlet.
Microstructures reduces surface contact with foreign particles.
Reduced contact area.
Grooves prevents particles holding onto it.
Prevent clogging of filter.
Water carries away dirt.
Water flows downward and do not enter the inlet.
Cover protects system from getting wet.
Hydrophobicity removes water particles.
Absorbs water particles from air flowing through it.
Centrifugal force removes water at sudden change of direction.
Water particles are channelled away faster.
Water particles rolls off due to water surface tension.
Water flows out of the opened base.
Water droplets rolls off microstructures.
Hydrophobicity removes water particles.
Sucked out goods.
Total internal reflection of light in prism.
Light reflected in the tubes.
Each part is controlled by a string.
Pressurized air is released causing a recoil force.
Sucked out goods.
Rolling motion saves more time than walking.
 ORGANISMS
Common ivy
Flagroot, Rhinoceros beetle, burr hooks
Gecko, Mining bees, Lobelia telekii , Common ivy
Pandarus bicolour
Hawks, Eagles, and Relatives
Diving beetle, Kelps
Butterflies and Moths
Mosquito, Scarab beetle
Tropical Pitcher Plants
Golden Silk Orbweaver
Common ivy, Gecko, Mining bees,
Tokay gecko
Pandarus bicolour
Diving beetle, Kelps
Passion flower
Black-tailed Prairie Dog, Mexican petunia
Macrotermes michaelseni, Atta vollenweideri
Black-tailed Prairie Dog
Calanoides acutus
Whirligig beetle, Diving beetle
Orchid, platypus, Window plant
Broom Teatree, Olive
Clubed Begonia
Dwarf mountain pine
Clubed Begonia
Window plant
Orchid, platypus, Window plant
Florida manatee
Basking Shark
Western Semipalmated Sandpiper
Basking Shark
Golden Rimmed Navel Lichen
Coast Redwood, Tropical montane cloud forest, Welwitschia
Darkling Beetles
Tropical Dog Tick, Campylomonadaceae, Fish-pole bamboo
Tropical Dog Tick, Granulated File Snake
Orchid, Platypus, Window plant
Whirligig beetle
Western Semipalmated Sandpiper
Golden Rimmed Navel Lichen
Tropical Dog Tick, Campylomonadaceae
Giant lobelia, Trombidiformes
Tropical Dog Tick, Granulated File Snake, Dromedary
Mescal Buttons
Foliage
Hottentot's Bread, Spanish moss, Campylomonadaceae
Dynastes hercules
African clawed frog
Dynastes hercules
African clawed frog
African clawed frog
Dynates hercules
Dynates hercules, Morpho
Dynates hercules
Dynates hercules, Morpho
Spoonbills
Alsomitra macrocarpa, Japanese Maple
Razor Clam, Earthworm, Elephant
Brown Pelican, Birds
Boxfishes
Boxfishes
Yellowfin tuna
Cordates
Dragonflies, Great White Pelican
Blue Shark
Boxfishes
Rainbow trout
Humpback Whale, Spotted seal, Owls
Knifefish, Aba
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, birds
Yellowfin tuna
Dragonflies, Great White Pelican
Bull kelp
Boxfishes
Rainbow trout
Belted kingfisher
Peregrine falcon,Common dolphin, Sailfish
Humpback Whale, Spotted seal, Owls
Boxfishes
Cordates
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, birds
Humpback Whale, Spotted seal, Owls
Belted kingfisher
Brown Pelican, Birds
Blue Shark
Wood frog
Emperor penguin, Western honeybee, Souther wood ant
Yellow Bumble Bee, Thomson's Gazelle
Window plant
Dwarf mountain pine
Western honeybee, Columbian Ground Squirrel
Mallee fowl
Western honeybee, Columbian Ground Squirrel
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, birds
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, birds
Knifefish, Aba
Jumping Bean Moth
Razor Clam, Earthworm, Elephant
Slime mold
Pebble toad
Peacock Mantis Shrimp, Chameleon
Chameleon, Peacock Mantis Shrimp
Squirting cucumber
Bramble, Bacteria, Squirting cucumber
Squirting cucumber
Razor Clam, Earthworm
Lampropeltis triangulum
Tammar Wallaby, Chameleon, Bushbabies and Galagos
Lampropeltis triangulum
Pandarus bicolour
Millipedes
Bramble, Bacteria, Squirting cucumber
Jumping Bean Moth
Pebble toad
Scarlet Synomorium, Madagascar hissing cockroach
Plants
Banana family
Russian Thistle
Scaly-foot snail, Double-wattled Cassowary, Venus's Flower Basket
Spherical structure, Turtle
Plants
Trees
Venus's Flower Basket
Grey weed
Organisms, Water-lilies
Plants
Common Toucan, Double-wattled Cassowary
Common Toucan
Pebble toad, Python, Black swallower, Kangaroo, Pelican, Cochayuyo, Bull kelp
Longleaf Pine
Knifefish, Aba
Black swallower
Python
Jumping Bean Moth
Smalltooth sawfish
Squirting cucumber, Tokay gecko
Razor Clam, Earthworm, Elephant
Python
Black swallower
Ground Pangolin
Platypus
Platypus
Python
Black-tailed Prairie Dog, Mexican petunia
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, Birds
Pallas' Long-tongued Bat, Birds
Peacock Mantis Shrimp, Chameleon
Chameleon, Peacock Mantis Shrimp
Squirting cucumber
Bramble, Bacteria, Squirting cucumber
Squirting cucumber
Razor Clam, Earthworm
Lampropeltis triangulum
Ground Pangolin
Platypus
Tammar Wallaby, Chameleon, Bushbabies and Galagos
Lampropeltis triangulum
Pandarus bicolour
Millipedes
Bramble, Bacteria, Squirting cucumber
Scarlet Synomorium, Madagascar hissing cockroach
Jumping Bean Moth
Pebble toad
Apostlebird
Python, Black swallower
Platypus
Apostlebird
Python
Black swallower
Ground Pangolin
Platypus
Python
Platypus
Emperor Penguin
Pine warbler, Flower, Iceplant
Grote's Bertholdia Moth
Dogbane Family
Diplazium
Weakly electric fish, Elephantnose fish, Smalltooth sawfish, Platypus
Oilbird, Grote's Bertholdia Moth, Bat
Great Hammerhead Shark
Weakly electric fish, Elephantnose fish, Smalltooth sawfish, Platypus
Crabs, Lobsters, and Shrimps
Mosquito
American Alligator
Oilbird, Grote's Bertholdia Moth, Bat
Slime mold
Great Hammerhead Shark
Weakly electric fish, Elephantnose fish, Smalltooth sawfish, Platypus
Crabs, Lobsters, and Shrimps
Oilbird, Grote's Bertholdia Moth
Crabs, Lobsters, and Shrimps
American Alligator
Flagroot, Rhinoceros beetle, burr hooks
Longleaf Pine
Lobelia telekii
Pandarus bicolour
Hawks, Eagles, and Relatives
Millipedes
Passion flower
Snails and slugs
Yellow Bumble Bee, Thomson's Gazelle
Mallee fowl
Cactus, African Bush Elephant, Black-tailed Jackrabbit
African Bush Elephant, Birds, Cactus, Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Western Honeybee, Mammals, Red kangaroo, Foliage
Fan aloe, Snails and slugs, Foliage, Saharan Silver Ant
African clawed frog
Cactus, Birds
Common iceplant, Jarrah, Collospermum
Window plant, Mallee fowl
Foliage
Diplazium
Emperor penguin, Western honeybee, Souther wood ant
Polar bear
Green birdwing butterfly
Compass termites
Common toucan, Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, American Alligator
Bromeliads
Dicotyledons, Texas horned lizard
Darkling Beetles
Fish-pole bamboo
Fish-pole bamboo, Desert rhubarb, Bromeliads
Peepul tree
Squirting cucumber
Florida manatee
Western Semipalmated Sandpiper
Flower
Mycocepurus goeldii
Mosquito, Scarab beetle
Hairy lady's mantle, Insects
Tropical Pitcher Plants
Basking Shark
Sacred lotus, Fish-pole bamboo
Mycocepurus goeldii
Flower
Fish-pole bamboo, Sacred lotus, Desert rhubarb, Bromeliads, Hairy lady's mantle
Dromedary
Mammals
Peepul tree
Mosquito
Flower
Mosquito
Birds
Scarlet Synomorium, Madagascar hissing cockroach
Saharan Silver Ant
Crabs, Lobsters, and Shrimps
Jumping Bean Moth
Bramble, Bacteria, Squirting cucumber
Scarlet Synomorium, Madagascar hissing cockroach
Pebble toad
 IFR Interaction between spaces Ideality techniqeu

Transfer some function into a Addition of feeder to the ball

supersytem launcher for rapid launching
Ideal impact on
supersystem

Reduction of disturbance Installation of shock absorbent at

Shooting the ball
caused by structures top dead center

Decrease the area of

N/A
harmfull effects

Multifunctional design N/A

Ideal condition on the

The launching mechanism

system

Improve the performance Maximise force during release

use
of some function through the D disk slider
is mechanical energy
Save energy cost by utilizing
physical, chemical, geometrical
N/A
and other effects and gradient
energy resources
mostly the material of
Save material cost by using
structure will be using existing
Production/Decomposition

existing
material resources specifically
material resources
automotive and bicycle parts
of subsytem

Unifying/Removing Can lobe like structure

method

The material is use suitable

redundant parts was remove due to lack efficiency
for long time uses
Provide easier acces and prevent
waste of energy by improving the Addition of slider for
conductivity maximum force exertion
energy through the system
 Ideality techniqeu

Addition of feeder to the ball

launcher for rapid launching

Installation of shock absorbent at

top dead center

N/A

N/A

Maximise force during release

through the D disk slider

N/A

mostly the material of

structure will be using existing
material resources specifically
automotive and bicycle parts
Can lobe like structure
was remove due to lack efficiency

Addition of slider for

maximum force exertion