KNOWLEDGE

Swimming is one of water sports. Swimming is a type of sport that races the athlete's speed in
swimming. Swimming competition rules are set by a world body called the Federation of
International Swimming (FINA) which is the parent of an international organization of
swimming sports. While the PRSI or Persatuan Renang Seluruh Indonesia is the parent of a
swimming sports organization in Indonesia.

There are swimming activities that are carried out in indoor and outdoor swimming pools.
Swimming styles that are often contested are breaststroke, freestyle, butterfly style, and
backstroke.

HISTORY

It has been started since centuries ago before there was a record of history where humans did
not know about writing. As one of the oldest evidences explaining swimming is the discovery
of paintings of swimmers in a cave wall in the stone age.

Regarding the swimming race itself began in Europe in 1800. Most swimmers at that time
used breaststroke. Swimming itself is one branch of the sport that was contested at the Athens
Olympics in 1896.

SWIMMING POOL

World Championship pools must be 50 metres (160 ft) (long course) long and 25 metres
(82 ft) wide, with ten lanes labelled zero to nine (or one to ten in some pools; zero and nine
(or one and ten) are usually left empty in semi-finals and finals); the lanes must be at least 2.5
metres (8.2 ft) wide. They will be equipped with starting blocks at both ends of the pool and
most will have Automatic Officiating Equipment, including touch pads to record times and
sensors to ensure the legality of relay takeovers. The pool must have a minimum depth of two
metres.[14]
Other pools which host events under FINA regulations are required to meet some but not all
of these requirements. Many of these pools have eight, or even six, instead of ten lanes and
some will be 25 metres (82 ft) long, making them Short course. World records that are set in
short course pools are kept separate from those set in long course pools because it may be an
advantage or disadvantage to swimmers to have more or less turns in a race.

COMPETITION RULES

In the butterfly, breaststroke, and freestyle pool numbers, swimmers carry out the starting
position above the start beam. The body is bent toward the water with the knees slightly bent.

In the back style number, the starting position is carried out in the water with the body facing
the pool wall. Both hands hold the iron handle on the start beam, while the feet rest on the
pool wall, and the knees are bent between the arms. The starting position of the backstroke is
also used by the first swimmer in the relay dressing style.
The start referee calls the swimmers by blowing a long whistle to go up on the start beam
(getting ready in the water for the backstroke and relay shift). The swimmer is in the starting
position after the signal is ready (Take your marks in English) shouted by the starting referee.
Starts are declared invalid if the swimmer jumps from the start beam before there is a signal.
Until the start of the gun shot, the swimmer's body must be idle.

Swimming competitions consist of race numbers according to distance, gender, and four
swimming styles. Number of male and female swimming contested in the Olympics, for
example :

• Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m (daughter), 1500 m (son)

• Backstroke: 100 m, 200 m

and others

Health benefits[edit]
Swimming is a healthy workout that can be done for a lifetime. It is a low-impact workout
that has several mental and bodily health benefits, and can be a recreational activity.
Swimming builds endurance, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness.[34]
The US Census Bureau reports that two and a half hours per week of aerobic physical activity
such as swimming can decrease the risk of chronic illnesses. Along with this, swimming is
linked to better cognitive function, lower risk of type 2 diabetes, lower risk of high blood
pressure, and lower risk of a stroke. Mentally, swimming is known to lower stress levels and
occurrences of depression and anxiety. People are typically able to exercise longer in water
than on land without increased effort, and minimal joint or muscle pain. The water makes the
swimmer feel lighter in the water, leaving less stress on joints

Swimming naturally does not require special equipment or clothing. Humans can swim
without any equipment under any conditions. Swimming intended for recreation and sports
sometimes requires special clothing and equipment to help make it easier to move in the
water. [4]

Clothing used for swimming is designed to make it easier for humans to move in the water.
Swimsuits are usually made of rubber which follows the body's shape to avoid getting air into
the clothes. Swimwear is also designed to accelerate human movement in water, a design like
this intended for swimming for competition. [4]

In addition to clothing specifically designed, swimming sometimes requires special

equipment such as swimming goggles, swimming tires, earplugs and nose, headgear. [4] In
general, swimming equipment is intended to facilitate swimming and avoid the risks arising
from swimming. [4]

Berenang secara alami tidak membutuhkan perlengkapan atau pakaian khusus. Manusia dapat
berenang tanpa perlengkapan apapun dalam kondisi apapun. Berenang yang ditujukan untuk
rekreasi dan olahraga terkadang membutuhkan pakaian dan perlengkapan khusus untuk
membantu memudahkan bergerak di air.[4]

Pakaian yang digunakan untuk berenang dirancang untuk memudahkan manusia bergerak di
air. Pakaian renang biasanya terbuat dari bahan karet yang mengikuti bentuk tubuh untuk
menghindari masuknya udara ke dalam pakaian. Pakaian renang juga dirancang untuk
mempercepat pergerakan manusia di air, rancangan seperti ini ditujukan bagi kegiatan
berenang untuk kompetisi.[4]

Selain pakaian yang dirancang khusus, dalam berenang terkadang membutuhkan

perlengkapan khusus seperti kacamata renang, ban renang, penutup telinga dan hidung,
penutup kepala.[4] Secara umum perlengkapan renang tersebut ditujukan untuk memudahkan
berenang dan menghindari risiko yang timbul akibat berenang.[4]