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3 Fig. 3.1 shows the blood flow to certain parts of the body of a student who is sitting down.
2
blood flow
/ dm3 per min
1
0
alimentary heart skeletal skin
canal muscle muscles
Fig. 3.1
(a) Use Fig. 3.1 to state the blood flow to the skeletal muscles in the student when he is sitting
down.
............................................................[1]
(b) State the name of two organs in the body whose blood flow is not shown on the graph.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
Fig. 3.2 shows the blood flow to the same parts of the body when the student is exercising.
12
11
10
7
blood flow
/ dm3 per min
6
0
alimentary heart skeletal skin
canal muscle muscles
Fig. 3.2
(c) (i) Use the information from Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2 to calculate the percentage increase in the
blood flow to the skeletal muscles when the student exercises.
.............................................................%
[2]
Name two chemicals the muscles absorb from the blood to release energy for contraction.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) Explain why blood flow to the heart muscle increases when the person exercises.
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4 Choose words from the list to complete the sentences about respiration.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
During exercise muscle cells can respire anaerobically and convert ...............................................
to ............................................... .
............................................... .
[4]
[Total: 4]
6 Fig. 6.1 shows a section of a bronchiole from the lungs of a person who never smoked cigarettes
(non-smoker) and a section of a bronchiole from a person who smoked cigarettes for several
years (smoker).
The two sections were taken from the same relative position in the lungs and are drawn to the
same scale.
muscle cells
cilia
air space
goblet cell
mucus with goblet cell
dust and bacteria
non-smoker smoker
Fig. 6.1
(a) (i) Table 6.1 gives a comparison between the bronchiole of a non-smoker and a smoker.
Table 6.1
length of cilia
number of cilia
mucus layer
[3]
(ii) Identify two other ways in which the bronchiole in a non-smoker is different from the
bronchiole in a smoker.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) A person who smokes has a higher risk of lung infections than a person who does not smoke.
Use evidence from Fig. 6.1 to explain why the smoker has a higher risk of lung infections than
a non-smoker.
...................................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) State the name of two substances in tobacco smoke that are harmful.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2017 0610/31/M/J/17 [Turn over
18
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S
T
V
W
Fig. 8.1
(b) Identify the structures in Fig. 8.1 and use the letters to complete Table 8.1.
Table 8.1
letter from
name of structure
Fig. 8.1
salivary gland P
anus
large intestine
mouth
pancreas
stomach
[5]
(c) State one function of the liver and one function of the small intestine.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Describe how the protein in food is digested in the alimentary canal.
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...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(e) The condition where watery faeces are lost from the body is called diarrhoea.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 15]
magnification ×300
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) State the name of the layers of the leaf labelled X and Y in Fig. 9.1.
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) State the name of the structure labelled Z in Fig. 9.1.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the name of the process by which gases move into and out of Z.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Complete Table 9.1 by placing one tick in each row to show the net movement of gases
through Z on a hot, dry, sunny day.
Table 9.1
no
name of gas into leaf out of leaf
movement
carbon dioxide
oxygen
water vapour
[3]
(c) (i) State two substances that are made during photosynthesis.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State the name of the green pigment needed for photosynthesis.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 11]
4 (a) Use words from the list to complete the definition of anaerobic respiration.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
The energy released during anaerobic respiration is only 5% of the energy released during
aerobic respiration.
(i) Calculate the energy released from 100 g of glucose during anaerobic respiration.
............................................................ kJ
[2]
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(iii) State three uses of the energy released by respiration in the body.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) State one way anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise differs from the
anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) State one industrial process that uses anaerobic respiration in yeast.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 13]
lungs
heart
body
Fig. 5.1
• pulmonary artery
• pulmonary vein.
[2]
(b) State two ways the structure of a vein differs from the structure of an artery.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
Table 5.1
component of
function
blood
platelets
plasma
[4]
[Total: 8]
8 Fig. 8.1 is a graph that shows the percentage of males and females in different age groups that
smoke cigarettes every day.
male
female
35
30
percentage of
people who 25
smoke every
day 20
15
10
0
12–15 16–17 18–19 20–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65+
Fig. 8.1
(i) State the age group and gender that is most likely to smoke cigarettes every day.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the percentage of 55–64 year old females who smoke cigarettes every day.
........................................................% [1]
Complete Table 8.1 to show the effects of the components of cigarette smoke on the body.
Table 8.1
carbon monoxide
tar
nicotine
[3]
(c) Smoking is one of the risk factors that contributes to coronary heart disease.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
1 (a) The boxes on the left describe processes carried out by cells.
The boxes on the right contain the names of the cells that carry out these processes.
Draw one straight line from each box on the left to a box on the right to link the process to the
cell type.
phloem sieve
transport of oxygen
tube element
palisade mesophyll
phagocytosis cell
absorption of
mineral ions from
the soil
[6]
Fig. 1.1
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
8 During digestion enzymes act on different types of food to produce simpler substances that can be
absorbed.
Table 8.1
protein protease
amylase
[5]
[Total: 5]
9 In an investigation, the carbon dioxide concentration in the air above a crop of maize plants was
measured for 24 hours.
40
38
36
carbon dioxide
concentration
/ arbitrary units
34
32
30
28
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
midnight midday midnight
time / hours
sunrise sunset
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) State the two times, on Fig. 9.1, at which the carbon dioxide concentration in the air was
37 arbitrary units.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the difference in the carbon dioxide concentration in the air between 04:00
(sunrise) and 12:00 (midday) on Fig. 9.1.
Space for working.
(iii) Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases between 04:00 and 09:00.
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(b) State two environmental factors that would affect the results of this investigation.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
H
G
Fig. 2.1
• The part of the leaf labelled G contains no chlorophyll and is a white colour.
• The part of the leaf labelled H contains chlorophyll and is a green colour.
The leaf was boiled in ethanol to remove the chlorophyll. The leaf was then tested for the
presence of starch with iodine solution.
(i) Predict the colour of the part of the leaf labelled G after iodine solution has been added.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Predict the colour of the part of the leaf labelled H after iodine solution has been added.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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(b) A similar leaf was kept in the dark for 24 hours and then tested for the presence of starch.
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(ii) Describe one function of water in a plant other than for photosynthesis.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) State the name of the tissue in a plant that transports water.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iv) State the name of the part of a leaf through which water vapour is lost from the plant.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 10]
Fig. 3.1 shows the number of cases of food poisoning per 100 000 people in the population in
one country.
(i) State the year with the highest number of cases of food poisoning in Fig. 3.1.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the number of cases of food poisoning per 100 000 people in the population in the
year 1996 in Fig. 3.1.
(iii) Describe the trend in the number of cases of food poisoning between 2003 and 2011 in
Fig. 3.1.
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© UCLES 2018
220
200
number of 180
cases of food
poisoning
per 100 000
people in the
7
160
population
0610/32/M/J/18
140
120
100
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
year
Fig. 3.1
[Turn over
(c) Food poisoning can result in vomiting and diarrhoea.
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...............................................................................................................................................[1]
In Table 3.1 write the examples under the correct type of defence.
Table 3.1
[3]
[Total: 10]
................................................
................................................
................................................
alveoli
................................................
Fig. 6.1
(a) Complete the labelling of Fig. 6.1 using the words from the list.
State two features that make alveoli good gas exchange surfaces.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(i) Describe two other ways in which expired air is different from inspired air.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State the name of a process that uses oxygen in the body.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) State an example of a cell and an organ from the gas exchange system.
cell ............................................................................................................................................
organ ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 11]
3 A man is overweight.
Yumi Bar
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) Suggest why the diet shown in Fig. 3.1 is not considered to be a balanced diet.
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(ii) Suggest and explain how the man could reduce his weight.
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Oranges and lemons are fruits which are a good source of ...............................................
Foods made from milk are important for making healthy bones and
............................................... .
(c) Explain how a woman’s dietary needs will change when she is pregnant.
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[Total: 13]
mosquito
Fig. 4.1
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(ii) Using information from Fig. 4.1, suggest how the mosquito is adapted for feeding on
human blood.
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(b) (i) The human body has a number of defences against disease.
State the name of the mechanical barrier which is broken by the mosquito.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
Complete Table 4.1 by placing a tick (ü) in the box that matches each defence
mechanism to the correct component of blood.
Table 4.1
component of blood
defence mechanism
platelets red blood cells white blood cells
antibody production
blood clotting
phagocytosis
[3]
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the four different types of human teeth.
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2 shows a diagram of the position of the different types of teeth in the mouth.
R
S
Fig. 4.2
Complete Table 4.1 by writing the names, positions and functions of the different types of
teeth in the mouth shown in Fig. 4.2.
Table 4.1
incisor
grinding
[4]
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1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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[2]
[Total: 10]
8 (a) Catalase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and
oxygen.
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
temperature / °C
Fig. 8.1
(i) State the temperature at which catalase is most active in Fig. 8.1.
...............................................°C [1]
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© UCLES 2018 0610/31/O/N/18 [Turn over
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(b) State one factor other than temperature that affects enzyme activity.
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(c) Digestive enzymes are used in chemical digestion to break down large insoluble molecules to
smaller soluble molecules.
The boxes show some large insoluble molecules, some digestive enzymes and some smaller
soluble molecules that are produced during digestion.
Draw one straight line from each enzyme to the insoluble molecule it acts on.
Draw another line from each enzyme to the smaller soluble molecule that is produced.
fatty acids
protein lipase
and glycerol
[5]
[Total: 8]
Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
.............................................. only. All proteins contain these three elements and the element
.............................................. .
[Total: 7]
5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a diagram of part of the alimentary canal and associated structures.
H ...............................................
J ...............................................
Fig. 5.1
(b) (i) State the name of the process that is defined as the movement of digested food
molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the name of the process that removes faeces from the body.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows how the rate of reaction of a digestive enzyme changes with pH.
6.0
5.0
4.0
rate of reaction
3.0
/ arbitrary units
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pH
Fig. 5.2
(i) Describe the effect of the increase in pH on the rate of reaction shown in Fig. 5.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State one factor other than pH that will affect enzyme activity.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 10]
Fig. 8.1
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State two ways in which a red blood cell is adapted to its function.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) State the name of a component of blood that is responsible for clotting.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) (i) State the name of the disease caused by a blockage in the arteries supplying the heart
muscle.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) List three risk factors that increase the risk of a blockage in the arteries supplying the
heart muscle.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2018 0610/32/O/N/18 [Turn over
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(d) Fig. 8.2 is a diagram of the circulatory system. The blood vessels are labelled with letters.
lungs
G
A
F heart
B
E kidneys C
D legs
Fig 8.2
Complete Table 8.1 by identifying the letter of the named blood vessels in Fig. 8.2.
Table 8.1
aorta
pulmonary artery
renal vein
vena cava
[4]
(e) Describe how the structures of the circulatory system maintain a one-way flow of blood.
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[Total: 16]
2 (a) Arrange the structures in the list in increasing order of organisation, starting with the smallest
structure.
cell
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
[3]
(b) The boxes on the left show different parts of a flowering plant.
The boxes on the right are terms that describe different levels of organisation.
Draw one straight line from each part of a flowering plant to the correct level of organisation.
flower cell
tissue
[4]
[Total: 7]
B
C
D
Fig. 8.1
State the letter and the name of the part responsible for each function.
Table 8.1
produces insulin
produces urea
[6]
(ii) State the letter of the part of the body where egestion occurs.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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