UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL & BIOENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORT

SUBMISSION FORM

To: Dr. Khairul Faizal Bin Pa’ee Code Subject: CFB 20203

From: Student ID. No.:

-Nuryuhanis Bt. Yazid -55218116016

-Qurratu Aini Firdaus Bt. Mohd Raffie -55218116146

-Nurul Asnaida Bt. Abu Hamdan -55218116191

No. of Group: E Date of Experiment: 26.7.2018

Title of Experiment:

Experiment 1 - Safety in the Laboratory and Handling of Apparatus and Equipments

Received by: Date of Submission: 1.8.2018

Note: Late submission will not be accepted.

*To be filled by the marker*

VERY VERY
POOR GOOD EXCELLENT
CRITERIA POOR GOOD
2 3 5
1 4

1.0 ABSTRACT & OBJECTIVES (HALF PAGE 2 4 6 8 10

ONLY) (TOTAL: 10%)

1. State the summary to the experiment

conducted.

2. State the objectives of the experiment (point

form)

2.0 PROCEDURES (TOTAL: 5%) 1 2 3 4 5

1.Methodology is presented in suitable and
understandable flowchart.

3.0 RESULTS (TOTAL: 10%) 2 4 6 8 10

1.Data are presented as deemed suitable with
complete label and units in tables and/or graphs.
4.0 DISCUSSIONS (MAXIMUM 1 PAGE) (TOTAL: 3 6 9 12 15
15%)
1. Explanations of the referred tables and/or
Lab Technical Report
graphs are presented after it.

2. Discuss on the findings and relations to the Course code/name

theory and objective of experiment.

4.0 DISCUSSIONS (MAXIMUM 1 PAGE) (TOTAL: 3 6 9 12 15

15%)
1. Explanations of the referred tables and/or
graphs are presented after it.
5.0 CONCLUSIONS (TOTAL: 5%) 1 2 3 4 5
2. Discuss on the findings and relations to the
1. Summary of the results to relate the findings or
theory and objective of experiment.
results with the theory applicable to the
experiment.

6.0 REFERENCES (TOTAL: 5%) 1 2 3 4 5

1. Minimum of 4 references.

TOTAL MARKS
Abstract & Objective(s):

It is important to practice the safety in laboratory and on how to handle the apparatus and
equipment that are used in the laboratory in order to avoid accidents from happened. Every
person’s in the laboratory need to be aware of the principles of laboratory safety to ensure that
the experiments that will be conducted going to be run smoothly. Care should be taken into
account when experiments are being conducted to avoid any harm to be done. Handling the
apparatus and equipment such as micropipetter correctly are important when doing experiments.
Micropipette is a common equipment in the laboratory that function to measure and transfer a
small volume of liquids. Micropipette comes in a variety of types and sizes based on the volume
that has been set for it. The accuracy and precision for a micropipette can be done by calculate
the percentage error and mean deviation based on the collected data from the conducted
experiments.

Objectives :

1. To learn on how to use and check the calibration of micropipette correctly.

2. To learn the proper handling of micropipette.
3. To determine the accuracy and precision of measurements taken using micropipette.
4. To learn how to pick the suitable micropipette for a particular volume.
Methodology:

Using a suitable flowchart, state the steps involve in this lab work.

Four colours solution were

Each tube was weighed
prepared. Each 1.5ml tubes were
and recorded.
labelled with A, B, C, E, and F.

The solution was taken by setting the

The tube filled with total solutions micropipettor and suitable tips was
was homogenized, then it was used, push the plunger down to the
weighed and recorded. first detent position. Incorrect
volume of liquid will be delivered if
the second detention were pressed.

To check the measurements were

The tubes were filled with different
accurate, the pipette was set to 10μl
solutions until the total become 10μl
and carefully withdraw the solution
using micropipettor
from each tube.

The same procedure of exercise

practical was repeated but differently
using large volume micropipettor of
1000µl.
Result/ Discussion:

Table 1 : Small Volume Micropipettor Exercise

Tube A B C
Initial weight (g) 0.943 0.944 0.950
Final weight (g) 0.953 0.956 0.960
Actual Value 0.010 0.012 0.010
Mean 0.011
Percentage Error 10
(%)

Table 2 : Large Volume Micropipettor Exercise

Tube E F
Initial weight (g) 0.738 0.935
Final weight (g) 1.923 1.931
Actual Value 1.185 0.996
Mean 1.091
Percentage Error 9.1
(%)

Calculation percentage error for small volume :

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒−0.01
%error = × 100
0.01

0.011−0.01
= × 100
0.01

= 10%

Calculation percentage error for large volume :

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒−1.0
%error = × 100
1.0

1.091−1.0
= × 100
1.0
 = 9.1%

Calculation mean deviation for small volume :

∑| X− µ |
Mean Deviation = 𝑁

|( 0.010−0.011)+(0.012−0.011)+(0.010−0.011 )|
= 3

= 0.33 × 10-3

Calculation mean deviation for small volume :

∑| X− µ |
Mean Deviation = 𝑁

|( 1.185−1.091)+(0.996−1.091)|
= 2

= 0.0945
 Micropipettes are the standard laboratory equipment used to measure and transfer
small volumes of liquids. Micropipettes come in a variety types and sizes designed for a
particular range of volume. There are three types of micropipette that have been used in this
experiment which are 10µl, 100µl and 1000µl micropipette. The purposes of this experiment are
to learn how to use and check the calibration of micropipette properly, learn the proper handling
of micropipette, determine the accuracy and precision of measurements taken and learn how to
pick the suitable micropipette for a particular volume. In this experiment, it is important to
calculate the percentage error and the mean deviation based on the collected data.

The experiment was began with the preparation of four different colored
solutions that is visible. Three 1.5ml reaction tubes were labeled with A,B and C for small
volume micropipettor exercise and for large volume, the tubes were labeled with E and F. The
initial and final weight of those reaction tubes were measured in this experiment to calculate the
percentage error and mean deviation. From the result obtained from Table 1 and Table 2, it can
be determine how precise and accurate the result when using a particular micropipette. Accuracy
is a measure of how close a measured value is to the accepted or “true” value while precision
measures the closeness of a set of values obtained from identical measurements of the same
quantity. To determine the accuracy and precision of the reading, the percentage error and mean
deviation were calculated. From Table 1, the percentage error and mean deviation are 10% and
0.33 × 10-3 approximately. Thus, from Table 2, the percentage error and mean deviation are
9.1% and 0.0945 approximately. So, it can be conclude that the value obtained from large
volume micropipettor exercise is more accurate compared to small volume exercise since the
percentage error is smaller. While the value obtained from small volume micropipettor exercise
is more precise compared to large volume since the mean deviation is smaller.

There are few possible errors that can occur in this experiment such as
systematic error and random error that can caused inaccurate reading. In this experiment,
students are able to use and check the calibration of micropipette and learn the proper handling
when using micropipette. The accuracy and precision can be determined by calculating the
percentage error and mean deviation. In this experiment, students must know how to pick a
suitable micropipette to order to obtain an accurate and precise result and gives a small
percentage error.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, different scale of micropipettors has different volume to be measured. In this

experiment, the large scale of micropipettor has the higher accuracy than the small micropipettor.
This is because pipetting the small amount accurately is not easy and will likely contribute
greatly to the statistical error in the result. Otherwise, the small amount will give the higher
precision rather than the large micropipettor with a small number of standard deviation. The
possible errors had been detected during the experiment. To overcome the errors, a good
handling must be done during using the micropipettors. Other than that, the micropipettors need
to be serviced every 6 to 12 month including re-calibrate the pippet. So that, the micropipettor
can work effectively and give a accurate and precise results.

Study question:

1. Which of the two pipettors that you used was the more accurate? Explain.
a. Based on the errors of each pipettors, it showed that the 10µl has higher percent
error and the 1000µl pipettor has the lower percent error. It can be indicate that
the 1000µl is more accurate than 10µl pipettor. This is because the smaller
percent error indicated the higher accuracy.

2. Which of the two pipettors that you used was the more precise? Explain.
a. Precision is the closeness of the set values obtained from identical measurements
of the same quantity. It is related to the standard deviation of the measurements.
So, the lower standard deviation means the more precise the equipment. In this
experiment, 10µl pipettor has a lower standard deviation rather than 1000µl
pipettor. So, it can be concluded that 10µl pipettor is more precise than 1000µl
pipettor.

3. What are the take-home messages from this exercise? Give three specific things that you
learned from this lab.
 a. The important thing is to handle the micropipettors carefully during withdraw the
solution from the 1.5ml tubes, because of the bubble inside. Second, we need to
use a suitable micropipettors according the volume that we need to measure
because there might be an error if we choose the wrong micropipettor. Lastly,
Wrong handling technique or careless during using the micropipettors will be
affected the result of whole experiment.

4. Without checking the accuracy of the given pipettor, would you predict that it is better to
use a 10µl or 1000µl pipettor to pipet 10µl? Why?
a. It is better to use 10µl micropipettor to pipet 10µl because it is within the range of
10µl.

5. How do you make 200mL of .01 M solution of the substance that has a molecular weight
of 121.1g/mol?
a. 0.1 M = mol/0.2L
Mol = 0.02mol
Mass of substance = 121.1 g/mol * 0.02mol
Mass of substance = 2.422 g

6. If you take 10mL of the solution from question 5, add 90mL of water, and then take 5mL
of the mixture and bring it to 25mL, what will be concentration of the final solution in
molars, milimolars and micromolars?
a. 10ml (0.1 M) + 90ml = 100ml mixture of M
(10ml/100ml)*0.1M = 0.001M
5ml (0.01M) + 20ml = 25ml of M
(5ml/25ml) * 0.01M = 0.002 M
In milimolars = 2 mM
In micromolars = 2000 µM
References :

 29 CFR 1910 - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS. (n.d.).

Retrieved on July 28, 2018 from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/CFR-2013-title29-
vol5/CFR-2013-title29-vol5-part1910.
 Expt 1. Pipetting TA's notes. (n.d.). Retrieved on July 28, 2018 from
http://cellbio7.mcb2225.uconn.edu/MCB_2225/Expt_1._Pipetting_TAs_notes.html
 Handling Laboratory Equipment. Retrieved on July 30, 2018
fromhttp://www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu

 Working with Lab Equipment. Retrieved on July 30, 2018

fromhttp://www.ncbi.mlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55884

 Definition of Micropippet. (2018). Retrieved July 28, 2018 from:

http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/119290/science/what_are_micropipettes.html

 Using a micropippet. (July 25, 2018). Retrieved July 28, 2018 from: https://di.uq.edu.au/community-
and-alumni/sparq-ed/sparq-ed-services/using-micropipette