Response Spectrum Analysis with LRB Isolator Damper:

We will use 2types of Isolator support-1 for Internal Columns, Another for External Columns.
Steps for ETABS/SAP2000-
1. Design the LRB Isolator according to UBC-97 using the Maximum Vertical Load for Internal columns:
LEAD RUBBER BEARING ISOLATOR DESIGN by DECODE BD

1 Maximum Vertical Load Column Support, W = 1825.5 kN

2
2 Shear Modulus, G = 0.7 N/mm (Mpa)
3 Design Time Period, TD = 2.5 sec
4 Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.3 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-I & Zone Map)
5 Seismic Source Type = B
6 Near source factor, Na = 1 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-S)
7 Near source factor, Nv = 1 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-T)
8 ZNv = 0.30
9 Maximum capable earthquake response coefficient, Mm = 1.5 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-D)
10 Soil Profile Type = SD (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-J)
11 Seismic coefficient, Cv = CvD = 0.54 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-R)
12 Seismic coefficient, Ca = 0.36 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-Q)
13 Choose Response Reduction Factor, R for SMRF = 8.5 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-N)
14 For SMRF/IMRF/OMRF, Structural System Above the Isolation Interface, Ri = 2 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-E)
15 Effective Damping (βd or βm ) = 5%
16 Damping coefficient, Bd or Bm = 1 Interpolate (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-C)
17 Design Displacement, Dd = 0.3355 m
18 Bearing Effective Stiffness , Keff = 1175.42 kN/m
19 Energy dissipiated per cycle, WD = 41.56 kN-m
20 Force at Design Displacement or Characteristic Strength, Q = 30.97 kN
21 Pre Yield in Rubber,K2 = 1083.10 kN/m
22 Post Yield Stiffness to Pre Yield Stiffness Ratio(n) for Rubber = 0.1
23 Post Yield Stiffness (Value for Non-linear Case also), K1 = 10831.01 kN/m
24 Yield Displacement (Distance from End-J), DY = 0.0032 m
25 Recalculation of Force Q to QR = 31.2650 kN
25 Yield Strength of Lead, = 10 Mpa
26 So, Are of Lead Plug required, A = 0.0031 m2
27 So, Diameter of Lead Plug required, d = 0.063 m
= 63.1 mm
28 Recalculation of Rubber stiffness Keff to Keff(R) = 1082.22 kN/m
29 Maximum Shear Strain of Rubber, γ = 100%
30 Total Thickness of Rubber, tr = 0.3355 m
31 Area of Bearing, ALRB = 0.5186 m2
32 Diameter of Bearing, DLRB = 0.813 m
= 813 mm
33 Horizontal Time Period Consider = 2 sec
34 Horizontal Frequency, fh = 0.50 Hz
35 Set Vertical Frequency, fv = 10 Hz
36 So, Shape Factor, S = 8.33
37 Single Layer of Rubber, t = 24 mm
38 So number of Rubber Layers, N = 13.76
≈ 14
39 So, Provide Single Layer of Rubber (Round up to nearest 5) = 25 mm
40 Let, Thickness of Shim Plates = 2.8 mm
41 Number of Shim Plates, n = 13 n=(N-1)
42 End Plate Thickness is between 19mm to 38 mm, Choose = 25 mm
43 So Total Height of LRB, h = 436.4 mm

44 Bulk Modulus, K = 2000 Mpa

45 Compression Modulus, Ec = 249131.9 kN/m2
46 Horizontal Stiffness, KH = 1082.219 kN/m
47 Vertical Stiffness, KV = 385164.667 kN/m
= 385.165 MN/m
48 Cover from Lead to End Plate = 25 mm
49 Bonded Diameter = 0.763 m
50 Moment of Inertia,I = 1.660E+10 kN/mm
= 0.016603 kN/m
51 Area of Hysteresis Loop, Ah = 41.162 kN-m
54 Yield Strength, Fy = 34.703 kN

Reference: UBC-97 & DESIGN OF SEISMIC ISOLATED STRUCTURE FROM THEORY OF PRACTICE by JAMES M.KELLY and FARZAD NAEIM

Finally input values for ETABS/SAP2000:

Rotational Inertia1 0.016603 kN/m
For U1 Effective Stiffness 1175418.57 kN/m
For U2 & U3 Effective Stiffness 1175.42 kN-m
For U2 & U3 Effective Damping 0.05
For U2 & U3 Distance from End-J 0.00318 m
For U2 & U3 Stiffness 10831 kN/m
For U2 & U3 Yield Strength 34.70 kN

0.813 m
End Plate of
25 mm

Rubber Layers of
25 mm Shim Plates of
2.8 mm

0.763 m
 2. Design the LRB Isolator according to UBC-97 using the Maximum Vertical Load for External columns:
LEAD RUBBER BEARING ISOLATOR DESIGN by DECODE BD

1 Maximum Vertical Load Column Support, W = 1382.15 kN

2
2 Shear Modulus, G = 0.7 N/mm (Mpa)
3 Design Time Period, TD = 2.5 sec
4 Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.3 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-I & Zone Map)
5 Seismic Source Type = B
6 Near source factor, Na = 1 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-S)
7 Near source factor, Nv = 1 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-T)
8 ZNv = 0.30
9 Maximum capable earthquake response coefficient, Mm = 1.5 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-D)
10 Soil Profile Type = SD (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-J)
11 Seismic coefficient, Cv = CvD = 0.54 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-R)
12 Seismic coefficient, Ca = 0.36 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-Q)
13 Choose Response Reduction Factor, R for SMRF = 8.5 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table 16-N)
14 For SMRF/IMRF/OMRF, Structural System Above the Isolation Interface, Ri = 2 (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-E)
15 Effective Damping (βd or βm ) = 5%
16 Damping coefficient, Bd or Bm = 1 Interpolate (UBC 97, Vol-2, Table A-16-C)
17 Design Displacement, Dd = 0.3355 m
18 Bearing Effective Stiffness , Keff = 889.95 kN/m
19 Energy dissipiated per cycle, WD = 31.46 kN-m
20 Force at Design Displacement or Characteristic Strength, Q = 23.45 kN
21 Pre Yield in Rubber,K2 = 820.05 kN/m
22 Post Yield Stiffness to Pre Yield Stiffness Ratio(n) for Rubber = 0.1
23 Post Yield Stiffness (Value for Non-linear Case also), K1 = 8200.54 kN/m
24 Yield Displacement (Distance from End-J), DY = 0.0032 m
25 Recalculation of Force Q to QR = 23.6718 kN
25 Yield Strength of Lead, = 10 Mpa
2
26 So, Are of Lead Plug required, A = 0.0024 m
27 So, Diameter of Lead Plug required, d = 0.055 m
= 54.9 mm
28 Recalculation of Rubber stiffness Keff to Keff(R) = 819.39 kN/m
29 Maximum Shear Strain of Rubber, γ = 100%
30 Total Thickness of Rubber, tr = 0.3355 m
2
31 Area of Bearing, ALRB = 0.3927 m
32 Diameter of Bearing, DLRB = 0.707 m
= 707 mm
33 Horizontal Time Period Consider = 2 sec
34 Horizontal Frequency, fh = 0.50 Hz
35 Set Vertical Frequency, fv = 10 Hz
36 So, Shape Factor, S = 8.33
37 Single Layer of Rubber, t = 21 mm
38 So number of Rubber Layers, N = 15.81
≈ 16
39 So, Provide Single Layer of Rubber (Round up to nearest 5) = 25 mm
40 Let, Thickness of Shim Plates = 2.4 mm
41 Number of Shim Plates, n = 15 n=(N-1)
42 End Plate Thickness is between 19mm to 38 mm, Choose = 22 mm
43 So Total Height of LRB, h = 480.0 mm

44 Bulk Modulus, K = 2000 Mpa

2
45 Compression Modulus, Ec = 249131.9 kN/m
46 Horizontal Stiffness, KH = 819.386 kN/m
47 Vertical Stiffness, KV = 291621.662 kN/m
= 291.622 MN/m
48 Cover from Lead to End Plate = 20 mm
49 Bonded Diameter = 0.667 m
50 Moment of Inertia,I = 9.721E+09 kN/mm
= 0.009721 kN/m
51 Area of Hysteresis Loop, Ah = 31.165 kN-m
54 Yield Strength, Fy = 26.275 kN

Reference: UBC-97 & DESIGN OF SEISMIC ISOLATED STRUCTURE FROM THEORY OF PRACTICE by JAMES M.KELLY and FARZAD NAEIM

Finally input values for ETABS/SAP2000:

Rotational Inertia1 0.009721 kN/m
For U1 Effective Stiffness 889950.58 kN/m
For U2 & U3 Effective Stiffness 889.95 kN-m
For U2 & U3 Effective Damping 0.05
For U2 & U3 Distance from End-J 0.00318 m
For U2 & U3 Stiffness 8201 kN/m
For U2 & U3 Yield Strength 26.27 kN

0.707 m
End Plate of
22 mm

Rubber Layers of
25 mm Shim Plates of
2.4 mm

0.667 m

3. Go to Define>Section>Link/Support Properties>Define 2types of Support

4. Go to Define>Point Springs>Define two types of Point Springs using above mentioned link supports.
(Axial Direction Z+ for Etabs/Sap2000)
5. Assign internal Support for Internal Columns, external Support for External Columns.
We can define Only one LRB support for all the column support, Or more than 2 types of LRB
supports. This can be done depending on Support reaction Grouping.
6. Redefine Seismic Loadings according to Code ‘UBC97-Isolated’
7. Run Analysis
8. Review Results
Following results are shown from different project arranged in Excel Table, Similarly we will see the
difference between Model-1 with Fixed base & Model-2 with LRB Isolator. From results we will find less
variation in Story Shear, Story Drift, Base Shear in 2nd Model. 2nd Model will show more displacement
for flexible support But, the variation in maximum displacement of stories in base isolated model is very
low while compared with fixed base model.

9. Conclusion:
 Story shear reduced after the lead rubber bearing (LRB) is provided as base isolation system which
reduces the seismic effect on building
 Base shear is also reduced after providing LRB which makes structure stable during earthquake
 Story drift are reduced in higher stories which makes structure safe against earthquake
 Point displacements are increased in every stories after providing LRB which is important to make a
structure flexible during earthquake
 Mode periods are increased which increases reaction time of a structure during earthquake
 Finally it is concluded that after LRB is provided as base isolation system it increases the structures
stability against earthquake and reduces reinforcement hence make structure economical.