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0 INTRODUCTION
Column is the structural component that transfers compression load from beams to the
footings. In other words, column is a compression member. Columns are divided into two
classification namely short column or long column. This classification depends on the
slenderness ratio of the column.
Short column will fail by crushing while long column will fail in buckling. Thus, it is
important to determine the classification of the column as long column is prone to buckling.
When the column buckles, it will exert additional moment to the section which will
eventually leads to failure.
This report only covers the design of short column using Eurocode 2 column design chart.
𝑙0 𝑙0
𝜆= = [Equation 1]
𝑖 √𝐼/𝐴
Where
- 𝑙0 for braced members (Note that only braced members is covered in the course)can be
computed with the following formula:
1𝑘 2 𝑘
𝑙0 = 0.5 𝑙 √(1 + 0.45+𝑘 ) (1 + 0.45+𝑘 ) [Equation 2]
1 2
Where
- Note that to have the worst case scenario, for interior column, the longer beam has to be
under maximum loading (1.35Gk + 1.5Qk) while the short beam has to be under minimum
loading (1.35Gk).
Figure 2 worst case scenarios for corner column and interior column
2
Step 3. Find the moment (𝑀𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑦 ) acting on the column
- Using the load on the beam, find Fixed End Moment (FEM) = w𝐿2 /12.
- Note that for a normal frame, moment will always come from two different axis (z or y-axis)
- Thus, it is important to check for biaxial bending.
- First, find the eccentricities of both axis (𝑒𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑦 )
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
𝑒𝑧 = , 𝑒𝑦 = [Equation 4]
𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦
- Then, check the ratio of the corresponding eccentricities that satisfies one of the
conditions.
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧
Either / ≤ 0.2 or / ≤ 0.2
ℎ 𝑏 𝑏 ℎ
3
Step 4. Compute 𝑴𝑬𝑫
Y
d’
h
Z Z
h’
Mz
d2 b’
b
My
Y
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
If ≥
ℎ′ 𝑏′
ℎ′
Then 𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀 ′ 𝑧 = 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑦 [Equation 5]
𝑏′
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
If ≤
ℎ′ 𝑏′
𝑏′
Then 𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀 ′ 𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑧 [Equation 6]
ℎ′
𝑁𝐸𝐷
Where 𝛽 = 1 −
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
4
Step 5. Compute 𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅
- To determine which chart to use, you have to check d’/h ratio, each ratio has a different
chart.
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
- Once obtain the value of 𝑏ℎ𝑓 , 𝐴𝑠 can be computed by substituting all the other known
𝑐𝑘
values.
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
- If 𝑏ℎ𝑓 = 0, then 𝐴𝑠 = minimum area of reinforcement allowed = 0.002bh.
𝑐𝑘
5
3.0 DATA & RESULT
A B C D
6.069m 6.069m 6.069m
3.069m
3.069m
3
Figure 5 Plan View
300mm
beam b =300mm
v
600mm
Assume
h =3m h =300mm
3. Column A2 and D2
4. Column B2 and C2
6
3.1 Design of Column A1, A3, D1, D3
- Note that the loading on the beams are taken from progress report 2.
6.069m 3.069m
38.96kN/m 28.39kN/m
Although column is has a square cross section; however the beam connected to the column
from Z-Z axis (6.069m) is longer than the beam from Y-Y axis (3.069m). Thus, the more
critical case will be from Z-Z axis. Therefore the checking is done for Z-Z axis of the column.
𝑏ℎ3 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 =
12 12
300 ×3003 300 ×6003
= =
12 12
𝟔 𝟒
= 𝟔𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
(𝐼/𝑙)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑘1 = ∑
2(𝐼/𝑙)𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝟔𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟔 /2400
=
2(5400×106 𝑚𝑚4 )/6069
= 0.158
7
𝑙0
1
= 0.5 𝑙 √(1 + 0.45+𝑘
𝑘 2
) (1 + 0.45+𝑘 )
𝑘 𝑖 = √𝐼/𝐴
1 2
= 1904.84mm
𝑘2
Assume that (1 + ) = 2 as
0.45+𝑘2
𝑙0 the column is connected to footing.
𝜆=
𝑖
1904.84
=
86.60
= 22
8
Step 2. Find the loadings on the column.
6.069m 3.069m
38.96kN/m 28.39kN/m
For moment 𝑴𝒛
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 444883.84
= 0.387
w𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 = 𝑀𝑧 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 × Distribution Factor +
12 400
(38.96)(6.069)2 118.22(1904.84 × 10−3 )
= = 119.58 × 0.387 +
12 400
= 119.58kNm = 46.84kNm
9
For moment 𝑴𝒀
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 879,765.40
= 0.242
w𝐿2
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 = 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦 𝑙0
12 𝑀𝑌 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 × Distribution Factor +
(28.39)(3.069)2 400
= 43.56(1904.84 × 10−3 )
12 = 22.28 × 0.242 +
400
= 22.28kNm = 5.60kNm
10
Step 4. Compute 𝑴𝑬𝑫
Y
d’
300mm
Z Z
h’
Mz
𝑑2 b’
300mm
My
Y
Figure 3 Section of column with biaxial bending (re-illustrated for easy reference)
𝑀𝑧 46.84 ×106
= = 197.64 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑N
ℎ′ 237
𝑀𝑦 5.60 ×106
= = 23.63 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
𝑏′ 237
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
As
ℎ′
≥ 𝑏′
, thus:
ℎ′ 𝑁𝐸𝐷
𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀′ 𝑧 = 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑦 𝛽=1−
𝑏′ 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
237 161.78×103
= 46.84 + 0.94 × 5.60 =1−
237 (300)(300)30
= 52.10kNm
= 0.94
11
Step 5. Compute As, required.
𝑁𝐸𝐷 161.78×103
=
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘 (300)(300)30
= 0.06
𝑀𝐸𝐷 52.10×106
=
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 (300)(3002 )30
= 0.06
Check: 𝑑 ′ /ℎ = 63/300 = 0.21
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
= 0.10
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 4 × 𝜋 162 /4
= 804.25𝒎𝒎𝟐
= min {20 × size of compression bar; least lateral dimension of the column; 400mm}
= min {20 × 16 = 320mm; 300mm; 400mm}
= 300mm
12
3.2 Design of Column B1, B3, C1, C3
- Note that the loading on the beams are taken from progress report 2.
6.069m
6.069m 3.069m
38.96kN/m
28.43kN/m 56.78kN/m
Although column is has a square cross section; however the beam connected to the column
from Z-Z axis (6.069m) is longer than the beam from Y-Y axis (3.069m). Thus, the more
critical case will be from Z-Z axis. Therefore the checking is done for Z-Z axis of the column.
𝑏ℎ3 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 =
12 12
300 ×3003 300 ×6003
= =
12 12
= 𝟔𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 =𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
(𝐼/𝑙)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑘1 = ∑
2(𝐼/𝑙)𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝟔𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟔 /2400
=
2(5400×106 𝑚𝑚4 )
2[ ]
6069
= 0.08
13
𝑙0
1
= 0.5 𝑙 √(1 + 0.45+𝑘
𝑘2
) (1 + 0.45+𝑘 )
𝑘 𝑖 = √𝐼/𝐴
1 2
= 1820.64mm
𝑘2
Assume that (1 + ) = 2 as
0.45+𝑘2
𝑙0 the column is connected to footing.
𝜆=
𝑖
1820.64
=
86.60
= 21.02
𝑤1 𝐿 𝑤2 𝐿 𝑤𝐿
𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑍 = + 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑌 =
2 2 2
38.96 × 6.069 28.43 × 6.069 56.78 × 3.069
= + =
2 2 2
= 204.5kN = 87.13kN
14
Step 2. Find the loadings on the column.
6.069m 3.069m
6.069m
38.96kN/m 56.78kN/m
28.43kN/m
For moment 𝑴𝒛
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 2 × 444,883.84
= 0.24
w1 𝐿2 w2 𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 = - 𝑀𝑧 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 × Distribution Factor +
12 12 400
(38.96)(6.069)2 2
(28.43)(6.069) 204.5 ×1820.64 × 10−3
= − = 32.32 × 0.24 +
12 12 400
= 32.32kNm = 8.69kNm
15
For moment 𝑴𝒀
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 879,765.40
= 0.24
w𝐿2
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 = 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦 𝑙0
12 𝑀𝑌 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 × Distribution Factor +
(56.78)(3.069)2 400
= 87.13 ×1820.64 × 10−3
12 = 44.57 × 0.24 +
400
= 44.57kNm
= 11.09kNm
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 40 127 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧 127 40
/ = / / = /
ℎ 𝑏 300 300 𝑏 ℎ 300 300
= 0.31 > 0.2 = 3.175 > 0.2
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧
∴ Since / > 0.2 and /
ℎ
> 0.2, thus there is biaxial bending.
ℎ 𝑏 𝑏
16
Step 4. Compute 𝑴𝑬𝑫
Y
d’
300mm
Z Z
h’
Mz
𝑑2 b’
300mm
My
Y
Figure 3 Section of column with biaxial bending (re-illustrated for easy reference)
𝑀𝑧 8.69 ×106
= = 36.67× 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
ℎ′ 237
𝑀𝑦 11.09 ×106
= = 46.79 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑N
𝑏′ 237
𝑀𝑦
As
𝑏′
≥ 𝑀ℎ′𝑧 thus:
𝑏′ 𝑁𝐸𝐷
𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀′ 𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑧 𝛽=1−
ℎ′ 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
237
= 11.09 + 0.89 237 × 8.69 291.63×103
=1−
(300)(300)30
= 18.82kNm
= 0.89
17
Step 5. Compute As, required.
𝑁𝐸𝐷 291.63×103
= (300)(300)30
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.11
𝑀𝐸𝐷 18.82×106
= (300)(3002 )30
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.02
Check: 𝑑 ′ /ℎ = 63/300 = 0.21
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
=0
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 4 × 𝜋 162 /4
= 804.25𝒎𝒎𝟐
= min {20 × size of compression bar; least lateral dimension of the column; 400mm}
= min {20 × 16 = 320mm; 300mm; 400mm}
= 300mm
18
3.3 Design of Column A2 and D2
- Note that the loading on the beams are taken from progress report 2.
6.069m 3.069m
3.069m
28.39kN/m
77.91kN/m 20.72kN/m
Although column is has a square cross section; however the beam connected to the column
from Z-Z axis (6.069m) is longer than the beam from Y-Y axis (3.069m). Thus, the more
critical case will be from Z-Z axis. Therefore the checking is done for Z-Z axis of the column.
𝑏ℎ3 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 =
12 12
300 ×3003 300 ×6003
= =
12 12
= 𝟔𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 =𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
(𝐼/𝑙)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑘1 = ∑
2(𝐼/𝑙)𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝟔𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟔 /2400
=
2(5400×106 𝑚𝑚4 )
6069
= 0.158
19
𝑙0
1
= 0.5 𝑙 √(1 + 0.45+𝑘
𝑘 2
) (1 + 0.45+𝑘 )
𝑘 𝑖 = √𝐼/𝐴
1 2
= 1904.84mm
𝑘2
Assume that (1 + ) = 2 as
0.45+𝑘2
𝑙0 the column is connected to footing.
𝜆=
𝑖
1904.84
=
86.60
= 22
𝑤𝐿 𝑤1 𝐿 𝑤2 𝐿
𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑍 = 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑌 = +
2 2 2
77.91 × 6.069 28.39 × 3.069 20.72 × 3.069
=
2
= +
2 2
= 236.42kN = 75.36kN
20
Step 2. Find the loadings on the column.
6.069m 3.069m
3.069m
28.39kN/m
77.91kN/m 20.72kN/m
For moment 𝑴𝒛
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 444,883.84
= 0.387
21
w𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 = 𝑀𝑧 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 × Distribution Factor +
12 400
(77.91)(6.069)2 236.42 ×1904.84 × 10−3
= = 239.14 × 0.387 +
12 400
= 239.14kN =93.67kNm
For moment 𝑴𝒀
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 2 × 879,765.40
= 0.138
1 w 𝐿2 w2 𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 = 12 -
12 𝑀𝑌 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 × Distribution Factor +
400
(28.39)(3.069)2 (20.72)(3.069)2 75.36 ×1904.84 × 10−3
= − = 6.02 × 0.138 +
12 12 400
= 6.02kNm = 1.19kNm
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 396 16 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧 16 396
/ = / / = /
ℎ 𝑏 300 300 𝑏 ℎ 300 300
= 24.75 > 0.2 = 0.04
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦
∴ Since / > 0.2, thus there is biaxial bending.
ℎ 𝑏
22
Step 4. Compute 𝑴𝑬𝑫
Y
d’
300mm
Z Z
h’
Mz
𝑑2 b’
300mm
My
Y
Figure 3 Section of column with biaxial bending (re-illustrated for easy reference)
𝑀𝑧 93.67 ×106
= = 395.23 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
ℎ′ 237
𝑀𝑦 1.19 ×106
= = 5.02 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
𝑏′ 237
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
As
ℎ′
≥ 𝑏′
thus:
ℎ′ 𝑁𝐸𝐷
𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀′ 𝑧 = 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑦 𝛽=1−
𝑏 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
237
= 93.67 + 0.88 237 × 1.19 311.78×103
=1−
(300)(300)30
= 94.72kNm
= 0.88
23
Step 5. Compute As, required.
𝑁𝐸𝐷 311.78×103
= (300)(300)30
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.12
𝑀𝐸𝐷 94.72×106
= (300)(3002 )30
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.12
Check: 𝑑 ′ /ℎ = 63/300 = 0.21
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
= 0.2
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 6 × 𝜋 162 /4
= 1206.37𝒎𝒎𝟐
= min {20 × size of compression bar; least lateral dimension of the column; 400mm}
= min {20 × 16 = 320mm; 300mm; 400mm}
= 300mm
24
3.4 Design of Column B2 and C2
- Note that the loading on the beams are taken from progress report 2.
6.069m
6.069m
77.91kN/m
56.85kN/m
Z-Z axis
3.069m
3.069m
56.78kN/m
41.43kN/m
Y-Y axis
25
Step 1. Determine whether the column is a short or long column.
Although column is has a square cross section; however the beam connected to the column
from Z-Z axis (6.069m) is longer than the beam from Y-Y axis (3.069m). Thus, the more
critical case will be from Z-Z axis. Therefore the checking is done for Z-Z axis of the column.
𝑏ℎ3 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 𝐼𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 =
12 12
300 ×3003 300 ×6003
= =
12 12
𝟔 𝟒
= 𝟔𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 =𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒
(𝐼/𝑙)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑘1 = ∑
2(𝐼/𝑙)𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝟔𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟔 /2400
=
2(5400×106 𝑚𝑚4 )
2×
6069
= 0.079
𝑙0
1
= 0.5 𝑙 √(1 + 0.45+𝑘
𝑘 2
) (1 + 0.45+𝑘 )
𝑘 𝑖 = √𝐼/𝐴
1 2
= 1819.37mm
𝑘2
Assume that (1 + ) = 2 as
0.45+𝑘2
𝑙0 the column is connected to footing.
𝜆=
𝑖
1819.37
=
86.60
= 21
26
𝑤1 𝐿 𝑤2 𝐿 𝑤1 𝐿 𝑤2 𝐿
𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑍 = + 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑌 = +
2 2 2 2
77.91 × 6.069 56.85 × 6.069 56.78 × 3.069 41.43 × 3.069
= + = +
2 2 2 2
= 408.93kN = 150.70kN
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Step 2. Find the loadings on the column.
6.069m
6.069m
77.91kN/m
56.85kN/m
Z-Z axis
3.069m
3.069m
56.78kN/m
41.43kN/m
Y-Y axis
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For moment 𝑴𝒛
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 2 × 444,883.84
= 0.24
w1 𝐿2 w2 𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 = - 𝑀𝑧 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑍−𝑍 × Distribution Factor +
12 12 400
(77.91)(6.069)2 2
(56.85)(6.069) 408.93 ×1819.37 × 10−3
= − = 64.64 × 0.24 +
12 12 400
= 64.64kN =17.37kNm
For moment 𝑴𝒀
Member stiffness:
𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
Distribution Factor for the column =
∑𝑘
281250
=
281250+ 2 × 879,765.40
= 0.138
1 w 𝐿2 w2 𝐿2 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦 𝑙0
𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 = 12 - 𝑀𝑌 = 𝐹𝐸𝑀𝑌−𝑌 × Distribution Factor +
12
400
(56.78)(3.069)2 (41.43)(3.069)2 150.70 ×1819.37 × 10−3
= − = 12.05 × 0.138 +
12 12 400
= 12.05kNm = 2.35kNm
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Step 3. Check for biaxial bending
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
𝑒𝑧 = 𝑒𝑦 =
𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑧 𝑁𝐸𝐷,𝑦
17.37
= 2.35
408.93 =
150.7
= 0.042m = 0.016m
= 42mm = 16mm
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 42 16 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧 16 42
/ = / / = /
ℎ 𝑏 300 300 𝑏 ℎ 300 300
= 2.625 > 0.2 = 0.38 > 0.2
𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧
∴ Since / > 0.2 and / > 0.2, thus there is biaxial bending.
ℎ 𝑏 𝑏 ℎ
d’
300mm
Z Z
h’
Mz
𝑑2 b’
300mm
My
Y
Figure 3 Section of column with biaxial bending (re-illustrated for easy reference)
30
𝑀𝑧 17.37 ×106
= = 73.29 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
ℎ′ 237
𝑀𝑦 2.35 ×106
= = 9.92 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 N
𝑏′ 237
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
As
ℎ′
≥ 𝑏′
thus:
ℎ′ 𝑁𝐸𝐷
𝑀𝐸𝐷 = 𝑀′ 𝑧 = 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 × 𝑀𝑦 𝛽=1−
𝑏 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
237
= 17.37 + 0.79 237 × 2.35 559.63×103
=1−
= 19.23kNm (300)(300)30
= 0.79
𝑁𝐸𝐷 559.63×103
= (300)(300)30
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.21
𝑀𝐸𝐷 19.23×106
= (300)(3002 )30
𝑏ℎ2 𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.02
Check: 𝑑 ′ /ℎ = 63/300 = 0.21
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
=0
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
31
Number of steel bars to be provided:
For rectangular column, a minimum of four bars is required (one in each corner).Bar
diameter should not be less than 12mm
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 4 × 𝜋 162 /4
= 804.25𝒎𝒎𝟐
= min {20 × size of compression bar; least lateral dimension of the column; 400mm}
= min {20 × 16 = 320mm; 300mm; 400mm}
= 300mm
4.0 CONCLUSION
3. Column A2 and D2
4. Column B2 and C2
32