Handout Suburban and The Collapse of American Civilization

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Structure of Presentation
History of Suburban
England, the Origin of Suburban
Suburbs of Manchester
Suburban History of USA
Typical suburban characteristic and lifestyle in USA
Suburban Social Life
The Rise of Suburban in USA
Main Suburban Policy in US
New Deal Policy
Suburban: American Dream?
How Suburban Destroys US civilization
The origin of Urban Crisis
By:
Putra Rizkiya The Collapse of American Civilization
Suburbs vs Urban: Two Societies
Module 2.3. Social and Cultural Challenges
Master of Urban Agglomerations Conclusion
FH Frankfurt
history of suburban
England, the origin of suburban
 Suburb: beyond the city, settlement at the periphery of large city

 Includes middle class, excludes all industry non residential commerce and lower
resident
 Anglo american culture, colective creation
 14th-mid 18th century: Suburbia was place of inferior, crime, low life
 The true centre of burgeois society is middle class house
 Product of late 18th century
Old London Map
1
claphaM suburbs
evangelical community
woman as housewife
children protection
Old London
 “Walworth is one place and this office is another, they most not be
confounded together. My walworth sentiments must be taken at
walworth, none but my official sentiments can be taken in this office”.
Charles dickens
John Nash’ Park Village, regent’s park in 1820
 Suburban as commodity
 Picturesque
2
suburbs in Manchester
Core as office and factory place

Suburbanization in Manchester started in 1834 as Samuel Brooks developed Whalley Range and
the development of victoria park in 1837
After suburbanization:
•Townhouse to warehouse in core
•Birth of central business district
Whalley Range, iniciated by William Brooks
•Factory peripheral to suburban belt
•Change the urban structure
•Class relation
Suburban History in USA
The great exposition 1851 influence the rise of suburban issue and technology and USA
adopted it in 1850-1860s.
“Suburbia is made in USA”

Americanization of suburban
Strong suburban marketing and promotion. The main promotor of suburban lifestyle is
kenneth jackson, as catharine beecher, andrew jackson, and calvert vaux in 1840-1875
The main issue they use is evangelical Clapham, John Nash Picturesque Movement, emotional
style,
“ Nature is a great remedy against the evil of the city—olmsted
Suburban is exploded in USA after World War II through FHA and veteran administration loan
program for suburban housing, along with interstate highway development program
Suburban is home for more than 60% american Llewellyn Park New Jersey 1857
Early railroad suburbs, developed by Llewellyn S Hasskel
3
TYPICAL SUBURBAN CHARACTERISTIC AND LIFESTYLE IN USA
Housing subdivisions
Shopping center
Riverside General Plan in Illinois, by Olmsted, popularized

curvalinier street.
Office park and

business park
Civic institutions
Roadways
4
THE RISE OF SUBURBAN IN USA

SUBURBAN SOCIAL LIFE
 Robert Putnam in “Bowling Alone”, concluded that, suburbanization is one of the main contributor to the
lost of social capital in American civilization.
 Too high mobility, bored children, know fewer people, less attached organisation, less communicate
•Economic motive (the need of economic generation)
with family •Private vision of domesticity and consumption (described as what american fought
 People disconnected increasingly from family, friend, neighbours and democratic structure
for)
•Suburban as the last bulkwark of democratic civilization
•Racial motivation
•Government policy (including some racial and discriminative policy from FHA and
Government)
•The societies (one black, one white, separate and unequal)
Main Suburban Policy in US

New Deal Policy
 New Deal Policy, a series of economic, social and governmental policy to overcome great depressions
1929, during Roosevelt era.
3 main component of New Deal Policy

 Mortgage insurance program of FHA and Veteran Administration mortgage
 Interstate highway act 1956
 Public housing (shut down)
accused as creeping socialist program, failure of capitalism
The result is: mass production of suburban housing

 “Giant machine and two-three man work crews completed a new house every fifteen minute”
 By early 1960s, Suburban shopping mall accounted for 60% of metropolitan retail trade.
 Suburban mall eliminated the distraction of the city
 The black segregated in declining downtown
5
How Suburban Destroys US civilization The origin of Urban Crisis

Suburban: American Dream?
 The term American Dream is originated from James Truslow Adams in his books Epic of
America 1933,
 "The American Dream" is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and
fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a
difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us
ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high
wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to
attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for
what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position.“ 1. Eroding the tax:
The eroding of municipal tax
 Suburban is not a real“american dream”.. Closing down of of big cities department in early 1950-1960s
The declining urban property values
The public funding used for suburban development, instead of public use.
Urban decay
2. Eroding employment base:

Suburbanization of industry devastated central cities
Automation of industry: “you are going to have trouble collecting union from all these machine”
“ where is your agratitude to your men, your city”
Black american suffered most from industrial decentralization
Labor and black fight against unequality and declining job opportunity lead to clash and urban riots
in wartime era
•White flight: discriminative suburban policy lead to white flight to suburban, while black left unemployed in
urban area, incapable overcoming racial tendencies. White in suburban, black in urban.
White in suburban, black in urban, and decayed suburb

Source: http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com
6
3. Suburban and inequality: Home owner populism 5. Central City Housing: democracy vs equality
People vs Property
Suburban home ownership is cheaper than renting home in the city
Suburban high property values and low tax are depended upon federal subsidy Whites protest against open housing and integrated neighborhood (white and black) program in
Suburbanized industry escape suburb tax while enjoying municipality service Detroit
White suburbs fear of losing FHA discriminative subsidy
4. Fragmentation of Metropolitan Government Attempt to fight segregated neighborhood in 1963-1964:
Oakland of Milpita case: problem in absorbing negro in segregated Milpita for Ford Motor Company
Housing “when integration strikes a previously all white neighborhood , there will be an immediate rise in
Suburban legal independance and cult of localism provided opportunities for escaping the greater crime and violence, of vice, of prostitution, of gambling and dope”.
“The right to protect their property, control their neighbourhood and choose their associates”
opportunity that never existed before.
“ right to freedom from interference with his property by public authorities attempting to give
special privilege to any group.
End up with walled public housing : which increase the tension of white and black and already
produce civic disturbance 1962.
Strong potential for riots.
6. Inbalance policy in suburban and Urban
 Democracy for protecting property and forgetting equality Urban core, which dominated by black, is very vulnerable to urban renewal and
 Labor and black fight for more equality in 1940-1950 beaten by conservative dominated redevelopment program, but end up causing more slums because of racial
congress discrimination and limited resources.
 Creeping socialism BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) case 1960: serve highway for suburbs while destroying
 Labor and black fight for equality trigger industry to move to suburban area, worry about black neighborhood in west oakland
“millitant and venomous attitude towards industry”
7
Fight Against Suburban in the Past
 JoBART (Justice on BART) 1966

 OEDC (Oakland Economic Development Council) case 1970: protest against “the people
who come and make the money and then take it back to the suburbs”.
BART, built on former black neighborhood land
The Collapse of American Civilization Solution for Suburban

Suburbs vs Urban: Two Societies
 NEW URBANISM
 Central city besets poverty, crime and social ill
The creation and restoration of diverse, walkable, compact, vibrant, mixed-use communities
 Suburban living their american dream
composed of the same components as conventional development, but assembled in a more
integrated fashion, in the form of complete communities. Also promotes the use of train
 Riots 1964 instead of highway.
 Watts Riot 1967, worst riots since 1863
 In 1973, white flight occured after many blacks won mayor election
Walkability-Connectivity-Mixed use& diversity-mixed housing—quality architecture and urban
 Mid 1970s, central cities bankrupt
design, traditional neighborhood structure, increased dencity, smart transportation,
 Declining condition of central cities, “the first tangible sign of the collapse of American sustainability, and quality of life.
Civilization” Mayor of Boston
 The rise of suburban tax, started in California
suburban home owner have to pay more tax
Urban decay 1970-1980s: the Reagan government decided to revolt the tax for suburban home
owner. Fund for central city reduced dramatically.
8
 New Urbanism transect planning:
Glass Work village, in Guilderland

new urbanist project
SMART GROWTH/ COMPACT CITY

LIVABLE COMMUNITIES
 Concentrating growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl and
advocates compact,transit oriented walkable, bycicle friendly land use,
One that has affordable and appropiate housing, supportive coomunity feature and service, and
including neighborhood schools, complete street and mixed use development adequate mobility option, which together facilitate personal independence, and the engagement
with a range of housing choices. of residents in civic and social life
Transportation-walkability-safety and security-shopping-housing-health service-recreation and

cultural service-caring community..
9
CONCLUSION
 Suburban is not made in America

 Suburban in USA grew fast because of suburban-oriented policy
 Suburban in USA have cause:
 The lost of social capital,
 Social segregation,
 Racial discrimination
 Urban decay
 Sign of collapse of american civilization
Internet:
REFERENCE
 http://www.eugenef.com/free-digital-photography/images/06%20-
John D. Fairfield, 2010, The Public and Its Possibilities, Temple University Press, Pensylvania %20Aerial%20Wallpaper/Suburban%20Community.jpg
Duany, Andres, et.al, Suburban nation, the Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of American Dream, USA  http://www.benjaminbach.com/real-estate-investment/sprawl-and-intensification-in-
Fishman, Robert, Bourgeois Utopia, the Rise and Fall of Suburbia, Basic Books, USA kitchener-waterloo/
old london: http://www.theinfernaldevices.com/infernalworld/LondonMap.jpg
london core petricoat lane: https://portfolio.du.edu/pc/port?page=7&uid=19660
 clapham old: http://bigthink.com/ideas/26736
 park village: http://www.londonancestor.com/views/vl-village.htm
 park village: http://deu.archinform.net/projekte/8189.htm
 old manchester: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_manchester_circa_1650.jpg
 19 century macnhester:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/manchesterarchiveplus/sets/72157625536224954/
10
 manchester conttonopolis: http://hebdenheckler.wordpress.com/

 llewellyn park new jersey:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/30650590@N03/3444731761/sizes/z/in/photostream/
 riverside iilinois: http://www.townbuilderstudios.com/contact-us/
 suburban cluster: http://www.pubsub.com/Royals-considering-defense-vs-offense-at-2nd-base-City-of-
Sports-cX8Orin4m4wS
 american dream: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4078384/
 urban decay: http://www.lostmag.com/issue2/detroit.php
 suburban characteristic: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=121358
 http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/cover-story/Suburban-Sprawl-A-Story-of-
Segregation-in-the-Philadelphia-Region.html
 http://www.newurbanism.org/
 http://blog.timesunion.com/realestate/architect-glass-works-village-is-still-on-track/7487/
 http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/#
 http://www.smartgrowthonlineaudio.org/pdf/TISG_2006_8-5x11.pdf
 http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/d18311_communities.pdf
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Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software

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 Suburb: beyond the city, settlement at the periphery of large city

Old London Map

John Nash’ Park Village, regent’s park in 1820

Core as office and factory place

Suburban History in USA

“Suburbia is made in USA”

“ Nature is a great remedy against the evil of the city—olmsted

TYPICAL SUBURBAN CHARACTERISTIC AND LIFESTYLE IN USA

Riverside General Plan in Illinois, by Olmsted, popularized

Office park and

THE RISE OF SUBURBAN IN USA

Main Suburban Policy in US

3 main component of New Deal Policy

The result is: mass production of suburban housing

How Suburban Destroys US civilization The origin of Urban Crisis

2. Eroding employment base:

White in suburban, black in urban, and decayed suburb

6. Inbalance policy in suburban and Urban

Fight Against Suburban in the Past

 JoBART (Justice on BART) 1966

BART, built on former black neighborhood land

The Collapse of American Civilization Solution for Suburban

 New Urbanism transect planning:

Glass Work village, in Guilderland

SMART GROWTH/ COMPACT CITY

Transportation-walkability-safety and security-shopping-housing-health service-recreation and

 Suburban is not made in America

 manchester conttonopolis: http://hebdenheckler.wordpress.com/

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