Safety Performance Based On Iogp PDF

REPORT JUNE
2016s 2017
DATA SERIES
Safety performance indicators –

2016 data
Acknowledgements
IOGP acknowledges the participation of the companies that have
submitted safety performance indicators. This report was produced by
the Safety Committee.
Photography used with permission courtesy of ©psphotograph/

iStockphoto (Back cover)
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REPORT JUNE
2016s 2017
DATA SERIES
Safety performance indicators –

2016 data
Revision history
VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS
1.0 June 2017 First release

Safety performance indicators – 2016 data 4
Contents
Contributing companies 6
Executive summary 7
Introduction and background 10

Scope of reporting and data validation 11
Data series 11
1. Summary of 2016 results 12

1.1 General 12
1.2 Fatalities 13
1.3 Total recordable injuries 15
1.4 Lost time injuries 16
2. 2016 results 18
2.1 Fatalities 18
2.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR) 19
2.3 Fatal incident rate (FIR) 21
2.4 Fatalities by incident category and activity 23
2.5 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR) 31
2.6 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF) 33
2.7 Lost work day case categories and activities 35
2.8 Severity of lost work day cases 44
2.9 Severity of restricted work day cases 47
2.10 Incident triangles 50
2.11 Causal factors 53
2.12 Fatal Incident Causal Factors 53
2.13 High Potential Event Causal Factors 56
2.14 Life-Saving Rules 59
3. Results by region 62
3.1 Fatalities 62
3.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR) 63
3.3 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR) 64
3.4 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF) 65
3.5 FAR, TRIR and LTIF five-year rolling averages 66
3.6 Severity of lost work day cases 68
3.7 Individual country performance 70
3.8 Incident triangles by region 73
5
4. Results by function 77
4.1 Fatalities 77
4.2 FAR, LTIF and TRIR – five-year rolling averages 78
4.3 Severity of lost work day cases (LWDC) 80
4.4 Exploration performance 80
4.5 Drilling performance 83
4.6 Production performance 86
4.7 Construction performance 89
4.8 Unspecified performance 92
5. Results by company 96
5.1 Overall company results 96
5.2 Company results by function 104
Appendix A – Database dimensions 106

Proportion of database used in analysis 109
Appendix B – Data tables 111

Section 1 Summary 113
Section 2 Overall results 113
Section 3 Results by region 117
Section 4 Results by function 126
Section 5 Results by company 132
Database Dimensions (Appendix A) 135
Appendix C – Contributing companies 137
Appendix D – Countries represented 139
Appendix E – Glossary of terms 144

Contributing companies
The safety statistics for 2016 were derived from data provided by the following
43 IOGP member companies:
ADNOC MAERSK OIL
ANADARKO MOL
BHP BILLITON OIL SEARCH
BP OMV
CAIRN ENERGY ORIGIN
CCED PAN AMERICAN ENERGY
CHEVRON PETROBRAS
CNOOC PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN BHD
CONOCOPHILLIPS PLUSPETROL
DEA DEUTSCHE ERDOEL AG PREMIER OIL
DOLPHIN ENERGY PTTEP
DONG O&G RASGAS
ENGIE E&P INTERNATIONAL REPSOL
ENI SASOL
EXXONMOBIL SHELL COMPANIES
GALP STATOIL
GEOPARK SUNCOR
HESS CORPORATION TOTAL
HUSKY TULLOW OIL
INPEX WINTERSHALL
KOSMOS WOODSIDE
KUWAIT OIL COMPANY

Executive summary 7
Executive summary
The 2016 IOGP Safety Performance Indicators show that the Fatal Accident
Rate for reporting companies has increased by 19% compared with 2015. The
number of fatalities has decreased from 54 in 2015 to 50 in 2016. The number of
fatal incidents has decreased from 40 in 2015 to 29 in 2016. This is against the
background of a 22% decrease in work hours reported.
Fatalities Fatal Incidents Fatal accident rate (FAR)
FAR fatalities per 100 million hours worked

120 3.5
103
99
100 94 3.0
87 88
82 80 2.5
Number of fatalities
80 73
67 65
58
2.0
60 50 52 54
50
43 45 42 1.5
40
40 29 1.0
20 0.5
0 0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 1: Number of fatalities and fatal accident rate (2007–2016)
In 2016, 6 of the fatalities and 23% of the reported work hours were related to
company personnel. 44 of the fatalities and 77% of the work hours were related to
contractors. The company and contractor FAR are 0.90 and 1.97 respectively.
19 fatalities resulted from 2 separate helicopter crashes.
6 fatalities resulted from 5 separate process safety events.
Analysis of the 29 fatal incident descriptions, in which there were 50 fatalities, has
shown that at least 58% of the fatal incidents reported in 2016 related to the IOGP
Life-Saving Rules published in March 2012, see IOGP report 459.
Insufficient information 21%
Core rules 24%
Insufficient information Core rules
No appropriate rule 21%
No appropriate rule
Supplementary rules 34% Supplementary rules
Figure 2: Life-Saving Rules applicable to 2016 fatal incidents
There are a number of common causal factors related to the fatal incidents and
high potential events for each year since causal factors were first collected in 2010.
The following five causal factors appear consistently in the top ten for both fatal
incidents and high potential events for each of the past seven years.
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate training/competence
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate hazard identification or
risk assessment
• PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or
lack of judgment
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate supervision
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate work standards/
procedures.
The 2nd most common causal factor for fatal incidents, which did not show in the
top ten for high potential events was:
• PEOPLE (ACTS): Following procedures: Improper position (line of fire).
Personal injury performance shows the lost time injury frequency decreasing by 7%
and the total recordable injury rate decreasing by 15% compared with 2015 results.
Executive summary 9
Total recordable injury rate Lost time injury frequency
3.0
LTIF and TRIR (per million hours worked)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 3: Lost time injury frequency vs. total recordable injury rate (2007–2016)
Introduction and background
The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, IOGP, has been collecting
safety incident data from its member companies globally since 1985. The data
collected are entered into the IOGP safety database, which is the largest database
of safety performance in the exploration and production (E&P) industry.
The principal purpose of the data collection and analysis is to record the
global safety performance of the contributing IOGP member companies on an
annual basis. The submission of data is voluntary and is not mandated by IOGP
membership. The annual reports provide trend analysis, benchmarking and the
identification of areas and activities on which efforts should be focused to bring
about the greatest improvements in performance.
The IOGP incident reporting system covers worldwide E&P operations, both
onshore and offshore, and includes incidents involving both member companies
and their contractor employees.
The key indicators presented are: number of fatalities, fatal accident rate, fatal
incident rate, total recordable injury rate, lost time injury frequency, number of
lost work day cases and number of lost work days, number of restricted duty case
and restricted duty days, and number of medical treatment cases. The report
presents contributing IOGP Members’ global results for these indicators, which
are then analysed by region, function and company. A code is used to preserve the
anonymity of the reporting company, which will typically report its own data as well
as that of its associated contractors (see Appendix C).
In 2010, data collection was initiated to capture 'causal factors' associated with
fatal incidents and high potential events. These data are presented in section 2.11
of this report. Wherever practicable, results are presented graphically. The data
underlying the charts are presented in Appendix B. The causal factors and chart
data are available to IOGP Members in editable format from the Members’ area of
the IOGP website.
This report is published with two separate addendums which provide the narrative
descriptions for the fatal incidents and the high potential events selected for their
learning value that were reported by participating IOGP member companies. These
can be downloaded from the IOGP public website http://www.iogp.org/bookstore,
reports 2016sf and 2016sh respectively, as well as the IOGP Safety Zone website
http://safetyzone.iogp.org/.
Introduction & background 11
Scope of reporting and data validation

The data requested from participating IOGP member companies are published in an
annual User Guide, report 2016su, which contains definitions and the scope of the
safety data submission. This document is published on the IOGP public website.
The safety data submission process is used for the collection of data relating to
safety performance, process safety performance and motor vehicle crashes. The
IOGP safety database has built-in data validation requirements and each company
data submission is validated by the IOGP Secretariat and the work group (Safety
Committee, Sub-committee, Task Force or Network) responsible for the data
set in accordance with the IOGP data collection and reporting procedure. Any
communication with reporting companies is conducted by the IOGP Secretariat and
any data validated by an IOGP workgroup is blind coded to preserve the anonymity
of the reporting companies.
A self-assessment questionnaire is included within the data submission process

to determine the alignment between the requested data and the company
submissions. The information provided in this questionnaire is also used in the
validation process. Data that appear to be incorrect and that cannot be confirmed
by the submitting company as correct may be excluded from the data set at the
discretion of the Secretariat.
A new incident category of ‘Aviation Accident’ has been added for 2016 data.
Aviation accidents were previously included in the ‘Other’ incident category.
The region previously referred to as ‘Former Soviet Union’ has been renamed to
‘Russia, Central Asia’.
The scope of data included within this report is detailed in Appendix A.
Data series
Other IOGP data reports published annually include:
• Environmental performance indicators
• Health performance indicators
• Process safety event data
• Motor vehicle crash data
• Aviation Safety Data (in preparation).
These are available from the IOGP website http://www.iogp.org/bookstore

1. Summary of 2016 results
Safety performance indicators – 2016 data summarizes the safety performance of

contributing IOGP member companies for 2016.
The key performance indicators (KPI) used to benchmark safety performance are;
number of fatalities, fatal accident and incident rates, total recordable injury rate
and lost time injury frequency.
Third party fatalities are not included in this report.
1.1 General
The safety performance of contributing IOGP member companies in 2016 is based
on the analysis of 2,896 million work hours of data.
Submissions were made by 43 of the 50 operating company IOGP Members.
The data reported cover operations in 103 countries.
Company Contractor Fatal accident rate
FAR (fatalities per 100 million hours worked)

5000 20
4500 18
Number of work hours (millions)
4000 16
3500 14
3000 12
2500 10
2000 8
1500 6
1000 4
500 2
0 0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016
Figure 4: Reported work hours and fatal accident rate (1985–2016)
Definitions
Fatal accident rate (FAR):
The number of company/contractor fatalities per 100 million hours worked
Lost time injury frequency (LTIF):
The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases) per million hours worked
Total recordable injury rate (TRIR):
The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases + restricted work day cases
+ medical treatment cases) per million hours worked
Summary of 2016 results 13
1.2 Fatalities
Against the background of a 22% decrease in work hours reported, the number of
fatalities has decreased from 54 in 2015 to 50 in 2016. The 50 fatalities occurred
in 29 separate incidents. The resulting fatal accident rate (1.73) is 19% higher
than last year’s figure (1.45). The company and contractor FAR are 0.90 and 1.97
respectively. Onshore and offshore FAR are 1.50 and 2.37 respectively.
Each reported fatal incident is allocated a work activity and incident category. With
regard to the incident category, the largest proportion of the fatalities reported in
2016 were the result of aviation accidents (19 fatalities in 2 separate incidents).
Fatalities categorized as ‘Struck by’ were the second greatest contributors to the
fatality statistics with 10 fatalities in 10 separate incidents, accounting for 20% of
the fatalities (19% in 2015).
There were 9 fatalities in 7 separate incidents that were categorised as ‘Explosions

or burns’.
Struck by 20% Aviation accident 38%
Pressure release 2% Struck by

Aviation accident
Falls 4%
Pressure release
Falls
Explosions/burns
Confined space
Caught between
Cut
Explosions/burns 18%
Caught between 12%
Cut 2% Confined space 4%
Figure 5: Percentage of fatalities by incident category (2016)

The activity with the highest number of fatalities reported by the IOGP member
companies is ‘Transport – Air‘ (38%) with 19 fatalities as a result of 2 separate
incidents.
Six fatalities (12%) were reported in 4 separate incidents in the ‘Construction,

commissioning, decommissioning’ activity, in 6 separate incidents in the ‘Drilling’
activity and in 5 separate incidents in the ‘Maintenance, inspection, testing’ activity.
Transport – Water 2%
Construction 12%
Transport – Land 10%
Drilling 12%
Transport
Transport - Land - Water
Construction
Drilling
Lifting Lifting 6%
Transport - Air
Maintenance
Transport – Air 38% Seismic

Production
Maintenance 12%
Production 6%
Seismic 2%
Figure 6: Percentage of fatalities by incident activity (2016)
The fatal accident rate for 2016 is 1.73, 19% higher than the 2015 rate (1.45).
The company only FAR for 2016 is 0.90, 33% lower than the rate for 2015 (1.34).
The contractor only FAR is 1.97, 32% higher than the rate for 2015 (1.49).
Company Contractor Overall

Fatal accident rate (per 100 million hours worked)
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 7: Fatal accident rate by company & contractor (2007–2016)

1.3 Total recordable injuries

The rate for all recordable injuries (TRIR) (fatalities, lost work day cases, restricted
work day cases and medical treatment cases) was 1.03 injuries per million hours
worked (1.21 in 2015).
Total recordable injury rate (per million hours worked)
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 8: Total recordable injury rate by company & contractor (2007–2016)

1.4 Lost time injuries

The overall lost time injury frequency (LTIF) decreased from 0.29 in 2015 to 0.27
in 2016. This represents a reduction of 7% compared with 2015 and 256 fewer lost
time injuries.
Company LTIF shows a reduction of 20% in 2016 compared with 2015. Contractor
LTIF shows a reduction of 3%.
Lost time injury frequency (per million hours worked)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 9: Lost time injury frequency by company & contractor (2007–2016)
The participating IOGP member companies reported 726 lost work day cases
(injuries resulting in at least one day off work);
• 572 incidents were contractor related, and
• 154 were company related.
• The greatest number of incidents was reported as ‘Struck by’ (138 cases
accounting for 19.0% of the total; 2015 results showed 193 cases, accounting
for 18.7% of the total).
• ‘Slips and trips (at the same height)’ accounted for 123 cases, 17% of the
total (194 cases, 18.8% of the total in 2015).
Participating companies reported 30,102 days of work lost through injuries.

Assault 2.20%
Aviation accident 0.14%

Other 15.70%
Caught between 16.39%
Water related 0.14% Assault
Aviation accident
Confined space 0.55%
Other
Caught between Cut 7.85%

Confined space
Water related
Struck by 19.01% Cut
Struck by
Explosions/burns Explosions/burns 4.27%
N, C,Exposure
ExposureFalls B, V Electrical
Slips/trips
Overexertion
Pressure release Exposure electrical 0.69%
Exposure N, C, B, V 1.10%
Falls 8.13%
Slips/trips 16.94%
Overexertion 5.79%
Pressure release 1.10%
Figure 10: Percentage of lost work day cases by incident category (2016)
Unspecified 12.41%
Construction 10.31%
Transport – Water 4.00%
Diving 3.40%
Transport – Land 3.30%
Transport – Air 1.10%
Seismic 1.10%
Unspecified - other
Transport - Land
Drilling 21.22%
Transport
Transport - Water,
Seismic - incl.
/ surveyAiroperations
marine activity
Construction, commissioning,
Diving,
Drilling, subsea,
workover, decommissioning
ROV
well services
Production operations
Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering
Production 12.81%
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations
Maintenance, inspection, testing
Office 5.51%
Lifting 8.71%
Maintenance 16.12%
Figure 11: Percentage of lost work day cases by incident activity (2016)
2. 2016 results
In this section the primary indicators used to measure contributing IOGP member
companies’ safety performance are: the number and nature of fatalities, total
recordable injury rate (TRIR), fatal accident rate (FAR), fatal incidents per 100
million work hours, and lost time injury frequency (LTIF).
Third party incidents are not included in this report.
2.1 Fatalities
Table 1: Number of fatalities (2015 & 2016)
Onshore Offshore Overall
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
Company 5 5 7 1 12 6
Contractor 28 27 14 17 42 44
Overall 33 32 21 18 54 50
2.1.1 Company/contractor fatalities

• 50 company and contractor fatalities were reported in 2016. This is 4 fewer
than were reported in 2015 and 5 more than in 2014.
• The 50 fatalities occurred in 29 separate incidents.
Fatalities Fatal accident rate (FAR)

FAR (fatalities per 100 million hours worked)
120 3.5
103
99
100
94 3.0
87 88
80 2.5
Number of fatalities
80
65
2.0
60 54
50
45 1.5
40
1.0
20 0.5
0 0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 12: Number of fatalities and fatal accident rate (2007–2016)

2. Key performance indicators 19
2.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR)

Table 2: Fatal accident rate (2015 & 2016)
Fatal accident rate (FAR)
2015 2016 Relative to 2015 FAR
Company 1.34 0.90 $ 33% lower
Contractor 1.49 1.97 # 33% higher
Overall 1.45 1.73 # 19% higher
Onshore 1.19 1.50 # 26% higher
Offshore 2.21 2.37 # 7% higher
In 2016 there were 6 company fatalities (12 in 2015) as a result of 3 separate incidents.
In 2016 there were 44 contractor fatalities (42 in 2015) as a result of 26 separate

incidents.
The difference between the onshore and offshore FAR displays a large variation over
the 10-year period shown. Neither is consistently lower. This is generally attributable
to single transportation or fire and explosion incidents involving high numbers of
fatalities.
All hours in the database were used for calculations of FAR.

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 13: Fatal accident rate by company & contractor (2007–2016)


0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 14: Fatal accident rate by onshore & offshore operations (2007–2016)
Definitions
Fatal accident rate (FAR):
2.3 Fatal incident rate (FIR)

Table 3: Fatal incident rate (2015 & 2016)
Fatal incidents per 100 million work hours
2015 2016 Relative to 2015 FIR
Contractor 1.20 1.17 $ 3% lower
Overall 1.08 1.00 $ 7% lower
Onshore 0.94 1.08 # 15% higher
Offshore 1.47 0.79 $ 46% lower
The FIR is a measure of the frequency with which fatal incidents occur, in contrast
to the FAR which measures the frequency of fatalities. Accordingly, for company
and contractor fatalities, the FIR will be less than or equal to the FAR. Comparison
of FAR and FIR gives an indication of the magnitude of the incidents in terms of
lives lost.
Overall the FIR has decreased by 7% compared with last year (29 fatal incidents in
2016, 40 fatal incidents in 2015).
All hours in the database were used for calculations of FIR.
Fatalities Fatal Incidents
120
Number of fatalities and fatal incidents
103
99
100 94
87 88
82 80
80 73
67 65
58 54
60 50 52 50
43 45 42
40
40 29
20
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 15: Number of fatalities and fatal incidents (2007–2016)

3
(per 100 million hours worked)
Fatal incident rate
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 16: Fatal incident rate by company & contractor (2007–2016)
3
(per 100 million hours worked)
Fatal incident rate
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 17: Fatal incident rate onshore & offshore (2007–2016)
Definitions
FIR - Fatal incidents per 100 million work hours:
The number of incidents that result in one or more fatalities per 100 million hours worked
2.4 Fatalities by incident category and activity

Table 4: Fatalities - by incident category and activity (2016)
Incident category
Exposure noise, chemical, biological, vibration
Slips and trips (at same height)

Caught in, under or between
Water related, drowning

Cut, puncture, scrape
Assault or violent act
Explosions or burns
Overexertion, strain
Exposure electrical
Aviation accident
Pressure release
Falls from height
Confined space
Struck by
Activity
Overall
Other
Construction,
commissioning, 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6
decommissioning
Diving, subsea, ROV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drilling, workover, well 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 6
services
Lifting, crane, rigging, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
deck operations
Maintenance, inspection, 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 6
testing
Office, warehouse, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
accommodation, catering
Production operations 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
Seismic / survey 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
operations
Transport – Air 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19
Transport – Land 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 5
Transport – Water, incl. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
marine activity
Unspecified – other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 19 0 6 2 1 9 0 0 2 0 1 0 10 0 0 50
23 of the 29 fatal incidents involved one fatality.
5 land transportation incidents involved 5 fatalities.
19 of the fatalities occurred in 2 separate ‘Transport – Air’ incidents.
2 of the 6 incidents that involved 2 or more fatalities were reported under the
‘Explosions or burns’ category.
Aviation accident
The largest proportion of the fatalities reported in 2016 were the result of aviation
accidents (19 fatalities, 38% of the total reported in 2016), (6% in 2015).
• 5 contractors and 1 company employee died when a helicopter travelling to
an offshore facility did not reach its intended destination. There were five
passengers and one pilot.
• 12 contractors and 1 company employee died in a helicopter accident. The
helicopter was en-route from an offshore installation to shore when the
accident happened and it crashed onshore.
Struck by
10 fatalities, 20% of the total reported in 2016, were categorised as ‘Struck by’
(19% in 2015).
• 1 contractor died in a ‘Construction, commissioning, decommissioning’
incident - working in a trench on flowline construction, the pipe clamp used
for holding two ends of pipe together during the welding operation, slipped
and struck the worker.
• 1 contractor died in a ‘Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations’ incident - the
contractor trailer driver was hit on head and neck area by a guiding beam.
• 1 company employee died in a ‘Maintenance, inspection, testing’ incident
when an operator got too close to the moving parts of a beam pump unit and
was hit by counter weight.
• 3 contractors died in 3 separate ‘Transport – land’ incidents:
–– A subcontractor transport lorry was moving behind a log truck along a
logging road. At a road hump, there was contact between a protruding
log from the truck and the lorry. The log crushed the windscreen on
the driver side and fatally injured the driver.
–– 1 worker was driving a vehicle when he lost control and collided
against the central crash barriers on the road. He died at the scene.
–– 1 worker died when a Crane collided against the left rear corner of
the truck that was being parked on the road shoulder. Due to severe
impact, the crane driver cabin was crushed which resulted in the
death of the crane driver.
• 3 contractors died in 3 separate ‘Drilling, workover, well services’ incidents

–– 1 worker was struck and fatally injured while preparing to transfer
water.
–– 1 worker was killed when an S-pipe slipped / turned and hit the Floor
man on his head.
–– 1 worker died on a workover operation on a production platform.
During a tripping out operation, the scraping between the pickup
system and the racking board caused the fingerboard and its rail to fall
from the racking board which fell on the safety helmet of a contractor.
• 1 contractor died in a ‘Production operations’ incident. When monitoring a
water injection well the contractor climbed the top of the water filter trying
to install a plug. The vent valve departed from its position and hit the IP in the
face.
Explosions or burns
9 workforce fatalities, 18% of the total reported in 2016, and 15 3rd party fatalities,
were categorised as ‘Explosions or burns’ (33% in 2015).
• There was 1 contractor and 15 3rd party fatalities in a single ‘Transport –
land’ incident. Approximately 0.5-1 kilometres from the refinery gate. While
parking the tanker on an un-compacted road bank, the tanker overturned.
Oil started spilling from the damaged compartments and then a fire and
explosion occurred across a radius of around 10-15 metres. People (locals
and drivers of other tankers) who had gathered near the tanker were caught
in the flames of fire.
• 4 contractors died in 3 separate ‘maintenance, inspection, testing’ incidents:
–– 1 worker died after working on top of a slurry heating tank. The IP
lifted the grating and fell into the tank containing heated slurry with an
estimated pH of 4.
–– 1 worker died after sustaining severe burns from a fire in an overflow
ditch of a surge tank.
–– 2 workers were fatally injured by a fire that occurred in a materials
storage container at a project site.
• 2 company employees died in a ‘production operations’ incident in explosion
at the company's oil sands facility.
• 1 contractor died in a ‘Drilling, workover, well services’ incident.
• 1 contractor died in a ‘Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations’ incident -
a deflagration occurred under the rig floor, followed by an extended fire
encompassing the workover rig and platform, resulting in 5 injured persons
and the death of a crane operator.
Caught in, under or between

6 contractor fatalities, 12% of the total reported in 2016, were categorised as
‘Caught in, under or between’ (20% in 2015).
• 2 workers died in a ‘Construction, commissioning, decommissioning’ incident
– they had been working on a weld repair on a section of 36" gas export
pipeline and were critically injured when the pipe dropped from the wooden
blocks supporting it.
• 1 worker died in a ‘Drilling, workover, well services’ incident. While a surge
tank was being lifted to load it on a trailer, the contractor, who had not been
visible to the crane operator, got caught in between the surge tank and the
catwalk.
• 1 worker died in a ‘Seismic / survey operations’ incident. While waiting for the
water supply to continue drilling activities on the site, a driller was hit from
behind by a falling tree.
• 1 worker died in a ‘Transport – water, incl. marine activity’ incident. A Bosun
(Deck Lead) was pinned between metal baskets when a large wave washed
onto the vessel stern and closed the gap between the baskets.
• 1 worker died in a ‘Transport – land’ rollover incident.
Confined space
2 contractor fatalities, 4% of the total reported in 2016, were categorised as
‘Confined space’ (0 in 2015).
• 2 welders collapsed after entering a pipe to inspect an external weld repair.
Falls from height

2 contractor fatalities, 4% of the total reported in 2016, were categorised as ‘Falls
from height’ (4% in 2015).
• A Cargo handling assistant was manually transporting a piece of equipment
when, while moving over a footbridge with grillage floor, one of the grills
detached, resulting in his fall from a height of 12 meters.
• A Derrickman fell from the monkey board to the Drill floor deck when he
released the drill stand to the buckled elevator during an operation to lay
down a drill stand.

1 contractor fatality, 2% of the total reported in 2016, was categorised as ‘Cut,
puncture, scrape’ (0 in 2015).
• 1 worker died while welding for diesel oil pipe line on sack store walkway. The
work included electric grinding with a 4 inch grinder to smooth the surface
of the pipe connection point. It is assumed that the blade got stuck and
bounced. Grinder inflicted a cut of the main artery in the right thigh.
Pressure release
1 company employee fatality, 2% of the total reported in 2016, was categorised as
‘Pressure release’ (9% in 2015).
• While repairing a gas leakage around the door of a filter in a Refrigeration
Unit, the door burst open. The Senior Mechanic, who was standing right
in front of the door, was hit on the head by the door and died immediately
afterwards.
There were no fatal incidents reported under the following categories:

• Assault or violent act
• Exposure electrical
• Exposure noise, chemical, biological, vibration
• Overexertion, strain
• Slips, trips, falls (at same height)
• Water related, drowning.
Struck by 20% Aviation accident 38%
Pressure release 2% Struck by

Aviation accident
Falls 4%
Pressure release
Falls
Explosions/burns
Confined space
Caught between
Cut
Explosions/burns 18%
Caught between 12%
Cut 2% Confined space 4%
Figure 18: Percentage of fatalities by incident category (2016)
Transport – Water 2%
Construction 12%
Transport – Land 10%
Drilling 12%
Transport
Transport - Land - Water
Construction
Drilling
Lifting Lifting 6%
Transport - Air
Maintenance
Transport – Air 38% Seismic

Production
Maintenance 12%
Production 6%
Seismic 2%
Figure 19: Percentage of fatalities by incident activity (2016)

Table 5: Fatalities by category 2012–2016
Category Number of fatalities
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assault or violent act 3 9 0 1 0
Aviation accident 2 17 0 0 19
Caught in, under or between 16 7 7 11 6
Confined space 2 0 1 0 2
Cut, puncture, scrape 0 0 0 0 1
Explosions or burns 39 4 9 18 9
Exposure electrical 3 1 3 2 0
Exposure noise, chemical, biological, vibration 0 1 0 1 0
Falls from height 3 3 5 2 2
Overexertion, strain 1 1 0 0 0
Pressure release 4 6 1 5 1
Struck by 14 10 15 10 10
Water related, drowning 1 17 3 1 0
Other 0 4 1 3 0
Assault or violent act 2012

2013
Aviation accident
2014
Caught in, under or between 2015
Confined space 2016
Explosions or burns
Exposure electrical
Exposure N, C, B, V
Falls from height
Overexertion, strain
Pressure release
Struck by
Water related, drowning
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Figure 20: Fatalities by category 2012–2016

Table 6: Fatalities by activity 2012–2016
Activity Number of fatalities
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
14 6 6 4 6
decommissioning
Diving, subsea, ROV 0 0 0 2 0
Drilling, workover, well services 11 13 16 12 6
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations 2 2 6 5 3
Maintenance, inspection, testing 41 10 4 3 6
Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering 0 0 0 1 0
Production operations 3 9 3 14 3
Seismic / survey operations 2 2 1 2 1
Transport – Air 2 17 0 0 19
Transport – Land 9 6 6 7 5
Transport – Water, incl. marine activity 2 12 2 1 1
Unspecified – other 2 3 1 3 0
2012
Construction, commissioning, decommissioning
2013
Diving, subsea, ROV 2014
Drilling, workover, well services 2015
2016
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations
Maintenance, inspection, testing
Production operations
Seismic / survey operations
Transport - Air
Transport - Land
Transport - Water, incl. marine activity
Unspecified - other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Figure 21: Fatalities by activity 2012–2016

2.5 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

Table 7: Total recordable injury rate (2015 & 2016)
Total recordable incident rate (TRIR)
2015 2016 Relative to 2015 TRIR
Onshore 1.08 0.83 $ 23% lower
Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered

out, leaving a dataset of 2,890 million hours, almost 100% of the database
(see Appendix A).
An overall reduction in TRIR of 15% is seen in 2016.

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 22: Total recordable injury rate by company & contractor (2007–2016)
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 23: Total recordable injury rate by onshore & offshore (2007–2016)
Definitions
Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases + restricted work day cases +
medical treatment cases) per million hours worked
2.6 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)

Table 8: Lost time injury frequency (2015 & 2016)
Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)
2015 2016 Relative to 2015 LTIF
Onshore 0.23 0.20 $ 13% lower
There were 726 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work,
which equates to an average of 14 injuries resulting in at least one day off work
every week of the year or 2 injuries every day of the year.
For calculations of LTIF, all hours in the database were used.
Although the absolute number of LWDCs has reduced (1,032 in 2015), the time
away from work has increased in all activities compared with 2015. See section 2.8
for further information on Lost Work Day Case severity.
Definitions
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 24: Lost time injury frequency by company & contractor (2007–2016)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 25: Lost time injury frequency by onshore & offshore (2007–2016)
2.7 Lost work day case categories and activities

Table 9: Lost work day cases by category (2016)
Category Number % of total
Assault: Assault or violent act 16 2.2
Aviation accident 1 0.1
Caught between: Caught in, under or between 119 16.4
Confined space 4 0.6
Cut: Cut, puncture, scrape 57 7.9
Explosions/burns: Explosions or burns 31 4.3
Exposure electrical 5 0.7
Exposure N, C, B, V: Exposure noise, chemical,
8 1.1
biological, vibration
Falls: Falls from height 59 8.1
Overexertion: Overexertion, strain 42 5.8
Pressure release 8 1.1
Slips/trips: Slips and trips (at same height) 123 16.9
Struck by 138 19.0
Water related: Water related, drowning 1 0.1
Other 114 15.7
Overall 726
Assault 2.20%

Other 15.70%
Water related 0.14% Assault
Aviation accident
Confined space 0.55%
Other
Caught between Cut 7.85%

Confined space
Water related
Struck by 19.01% Cut
Struck by
Explosions/burns Explosions/burns 4.27%
N, C,Exposure
ExposureFalls B, V Electrical
Slips/trips
Overexertion
Pressure release Exposure electrical 0.69%
Falls 8.13%
Slips/trips 16.94%
Overexertion 5.79%
Figure 26: Percentage of lost work day cases by category (2016)

Of the 726 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work,
572 incidents (79%) were contractor-related and 154 (21%) were company-related
(777 and 255 respectively for 2015). The lost work day case category was provided
for all of the Lost Work Day Cases reported, although 16% of the cases were
categorised as ‘Other’.
The pie chart shows the percentage of LWDCs within each of the reporting
categories for 2016.
• The greatest number of incidents was reported as ‘Struck by’ (138 cases
accounting for 19.0% of LWDCs), (2015 results showed 193 cases accounting
for 18.7%).
• ‘Slips and trips (at same height)’ accounted for 123 cases, 16.9% of the total
(194 cases, 18.8% of the total in 2015).
• ‘Caught in, under or between’ accounted for 119 of the cases, 16.4% of the
total (216 cases, 20.9% of the total in 2015).
• In comparison with 2015, the 2016 results were very similar.
Definitions
Lost work day case (LWDC)
An incident resulting in at least one day off work. Fatal incidents are not included.
Table 10: Lost work day cases by category – company & contractor data (2016)
Category Company Contractor
Assault: Assault or violent act 3 13
Aviation accident 1 0
Caught between: Caught in, under or between 10 109
Confined space 0 4
Cut: Cut, puncture, scrape 17 40
Explosions/burns: Explosions or burns 5 26
Exposure electrical 2 3
1 7
Falls: Falls from height 13 46
Overexertion: Overexertion, strain 14 28
Pressure release 0 8
Slips/trips: Slips and trips (at same height) 38 85
Struck by 28 110
Water related: Water related, drowning 0 1
Other 22 92
Overall 154 572
Assault 1.9%
Other 14.3%
Cut 11.0%
Explosions/burns 3.2%
Exposure electrical 1.3%
Struck by 18.2% Falls 8.4%
Overexertion 9.1%
Slips/trips 24.7%
Figure 27: Lost work day cases by category – company data (2016)
Assault 2.3%
Other 16.1% Caught between 19.1%
Water related 0.2%
Confined space 0.7%
Struck by 19.2% Cut 7.0%
Exposure NCBV 1.2%
Falls 8.0%
Slips/trips 14.9%
Pressure release 1.4% Overexertion 4.9%
Figure 28: Lost work day cases by category – contractor data (2016)
Table 11: Lost work day cases by category – onshore & offshore (2016)
Category Onshore Offshore
Aviation accident 0 1
Assault: Assault or violent act 13 3
Caught between: Caught in, under or between 53 66
Confined space 4 0
Cut: Cut, puncture, scrape 26 31
Explosions/burns: Explosions or burns 15 16
Exposure electrical 4 1
5 3
Falls: Falls from height 34 25
Overexertion: Overexertion, strain 22 20
Pressure release 3 5
Slips/trips: Slips and trips (at same height) 72 51
Struck by 78 60
Water related: Water related, drowning 0 1
Other 71 43
Overall 400 326
Of the 726 reported lost work day cases resulting in at least one day off work,
400 incidents (55%) were related to onshore activity and 326 (45%) were related to
offshore activity (606 and 426 respectively for 2015).
Assault 3.3%
Other 17.8%
Confined space 1.0%

Cut 6.5%
Struck by 19.5%
Exposure NCBV 1.3%
Falls 8.5%
Slips/trips 18.0% Overexertion 5.5%
Figure 29: Lost work day cases by category – onshore operations (2016)
Assault 0.9% Aviation accident 0.3%

Other 13.2% Caught between 20.2%
Water related 0.3%
Struck by 18.4%
Cut 9.5%
Exposure NCBV 0.9%
Slips/trips 15.6%
Falls 7.7%
Pressure release 1.5% Overexertion 6.1%
Figure 30: Lost work day cases by category – offshore operations (2016)
Table 12: Lost work day cases by activity (2016)

Activity Number % of total
Construction: Construction, commissioning, decommissioning 75 10.3
Diving: Diving, subsea, ROV 25 3.4
Drilling: Drilling, workover, well services 154 21.2
Lifting: Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations 63 8.7
Maintenance: Maintenance, inspection, testing 117 16.1
Office: Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering 40 5.5
Production: Production operations 93 12.8
Seismic: Seismic / survey operations 8 1.1
Transport - Air 8 1.1
Transport - Land 24 3.3
Transport – Water: Transport - Water, incl. marine activity 29 4
Unspecified : Unspecified - other 90 12.4
Overall 726 12
Lost work day case activities were reported for all of the 726 Lost Work Day Cases
reported.
Unspecified 12.4%
Construction 10.3%
Transport – Water 4.0% Diving 3.4%

Seismic 1.1% Drilling 21.2%
Production 12.8%
Office 5.5%
Lifting 8.7%
Maintenance 16.1%
Figure 31: Lost work day cases by activity (2016)

Table 13: Lost work day cases by activity - company & contractor (2016)
Activity Company Contractor
Construction: Construction, commissioning, decommissioning 2 73
Diving: Diving, subsea, ROV 0 25
Drilling: Drilling, workover, well services 16 138
Lifting: Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations 5 58
Maintenance: Maintenance, inspection, testing 33 84
Office: Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering 14 26
Production: Production operations 47 46
Seismic: Seismic / survey operations 0 8
Transport – Air 4 4
Transport – Land 5 19
Unspecified: Unspecified –other 27 63
Overall 154 572
Construction 1.30%
Unspecified 17.53% Drilling 10.39%
Lifting 3.25%
Transport – Air 2.60% Maintenance 21.43%
Production 30.52% Office 9.09%
Figure 32: Lost work day cases by activity – company (2016)

Unspecified 11.01%
Construction 12.76%

Diving 4.37%
Seismic 1.40%
Production 8.04%
Drilling 24.13%
Office 4.55%
Maintenance 14.69% Lifting 10.14%
Figure 33: Lost work day cases by activity – contractor (2016)
Table 14: Lost work day cases by activity – onshore & offshore (2016)
Activity Onshore Offshore
Construction: Construction, commissioning, decommissioning 64 11
Diving: Diving, subsea, ROV 0 25
Drilling: Drilling, workover, well services 73 81
Lifting: Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations 24 39
Maintenance: Maintenance, inspection, testing 58 59
Office: Office, warehouse, accommodation, catering 29 11
Production: Production operations 58 35
Seismic: Seismic / survey operations 7 1
Transport – Air 3 5
Transport – Land 24 0
Unspecified: Unspecified – other 55 35
Overall 400 326
Unspecified 13.75%
Construction 16.00%
Seismic 1.75% Drilling 18.25%
Production 14.50%
Lifting 6.00%
Office 7.25% Maintenance 14.50%
Figure 34: Lost work day cases by activity – onshore (2016)
Construction 3.37%
Unspecified 10.74% Diving 7.67%

Seismic 0.31%
Drilling 24.85%
Production 10.74%
Office 3.37%
Maintenance 18.10% Lifting 11.96%
Figure 35: Lost work day cases by activity – offshore (2016)

2.8 Severity of lost work day cases

Table 15: Severity of lost work day cases (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
Severity of LWDC (Average days lost per LWDC)
2011-2015 2015 2016 2016 relative to 2016 relative

2011-2015 LTIF to 2015 LTIF
Company 44.9 53.7 37.6 $ 16% lower $ 30% lower
Contractor 43.2 54.1 66.9 # 55% higher # 24% higher
Overall 43.6 54.0 61.4 # 41% higher # 14% higher
Onshore 39.0 45.2 46.9 # 20% higher # 4% higher
Offshore 49.8 66.4 79.2 # 59% higher # 19% higher
IOGP member companies reported a total of 30,102 days lost (LWDC days) through
injuries.
• The number of days lost was reported for 77% of the database
(see Appendix A and Appendix C).
• The offshore LWDC severity is 69% higher than onshore.
• The LWDC severity for contractors is 78% higher than for company
employees.
Definitions
Severity of lost work day cases
Severity is defined as the average number of days lost (where reported) for each lost work day case.
70
60
Average days lost per LWDC
50
40
30
20
10
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 36: Severity of LWDC by company & contractor (2007–2016)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 37: Severity of LWDC by onshore & offshore (2007–2016)

The figure below shows the average number of days lost per LWDC in 2016
compared with the average for the previous five-year period. A 41% increase is
shown in overall LWDC severity when compared with the previous five-year period.
2011–2015 2016
90
(average days of lost work per LWDC)
80
70
60
LWDC Severity
50
40
30
20
10
0
Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore
Figure 38: Severity of lost work day cases (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
2.9 Severity of restricted work day cases

Table 16: Severity of restricted work day cases (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
Severity of RWDC (Average days lost per RWDC)
2011-2015 2015 2016 2016 relative to 2016 relative

2011-2015 LTIF to 2015 LTIF
Company 16.3 22.4 14.4 $ 12% lower $ 36% lower
Contractor 13.0 18.7 14.4 # 11% higher $ 23% lower
Overall 13.3 19.1 14.4 # 8% higher $ 25% lower
Onshore 13.6 18.2 13.8 # 1% higher $ 24% lower
Offshore 12.9 21.0 15.6 # 21% higher $ 25% lower
A total of 5,957 days were restricted (RWDC days) as a result of restricted work day
cases, in the sense that normal duties could not be performed (see Appendix A and
Appendix C).
Definitions
Severity of restricted work day cases
The average number of days of restricted work per restricted work day case.
Restricted work day cases are not reported by all companies. RWDC days are not reported by
all companies that report RWDC. See Appendix A.
25
Average days lost per RWDC
20
15
10
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 39: Severity of restricted work day cases by company & contractor (2007–2016)
25
Average days lost per RWDC
20
15
10
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 40: Severity of restricted work day cases by onshore & offshore (2007–2016)
The figure below shows the average number of days lost per RWDC in 2016 compared
with the average for the previous five-year period. The overall average shows an
increase of 8% compared with the average for the previous five-year period.
2011–2015 2016
18
(average days of lost work per RWDC)
16
14
12
RWDC Severity
10
8
6
4
2
0
Figure 41: Severity of restricted work day cases (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
2.10 Incident triangles

In this section the relative numbers of types of occupational injury are shown in
the form of ‘incident triangles’. The ratios have been corrected to account for the
absence, in some data submissions, of medical treatment cases.
Table 17: Ratio of lost time injuries and recordable injuries to fatalities
Year Ratio of lost time injuries to Ratio of total recordable
fatalities injuries to fatalities
2016 16:1 60:1
2015 20:1 74:1
2014 35:1 134:1
2013 21:1 73:1
2012 20:1 72:1
2011 22:1 93:1
2010 15:1 60:1
Definitions
Lost time injuries:
Lost work day cases and fatalities
Recordable injuries:
Fatalities, lost work day cases, restricted work day cases and medical treatment cases where
medical treatment cases are reported for the data set
Ratio of lost time injuries to fatalities:
The number of lost time injuries divided by the total number of fatalities
(lost time injuries/fatalities)
Ratio of total recordable injuries to fatalities
The number of recordable injuries divided by the total number of fatalities
(recordable injuries/fatalities)
50 6 44 Fatalities
Lost time
776 160 616 injuries
Total
recordable
2978 543 2435 injuries
Overall Company Contractor
Figure 42: Incident triangles by company & contractor (2016)
54 12 42 Fatalities
Lost time
1086 267 819 injuries
Total
recordable
4014 650 3364 injuries
Figure 43: Incident triangles by company & contractor (2015)
The varying ratio of fatalities to lost time injuries to recordable injuries for
2015-2016 challenges the traditional notion of recordable injuries and lost time
injuries overall as a precursor to fatalities as shown in the incident triangles. In
some incident categories however such as 'confined space, 'assault or violent act'
and 'water related, drowning', the ratio will be higher as shown in Tables 18 and 19.
Table 18: Ratio of fatalities to lost time injuries by category (2016)

Category LTIs Fatalities Ratio
(fatalities + LWDCs) LTI: Fatality
Assault or violent act 16 0 n/a
Aviation accident 20 19 1:1
Caught in, under or between 125 6 21:1
Confined space 6 2 3:1
Cut, puncture, scrape 58 1 58:1
Explosions or burns 40 9 4:1
Exposure electrical 5 0 n/a
Exposure noise, chemical,
8 0 n/a
Falls from height 61 2 31:1
Overexertion, strain 42 0 n/a
Pressure release 9 1 9:1
Slips and trips (at same height) 123 0 n/a
Struck by 148 10 15:1
Water related, drowning 1 0 n/a
Other 114 0 n/a
Table 19: Ratio of fatalities to lost time injuries by activity (2016)

Activity LTIs Fatalities Ratio
(fatalities + LWDCs) LTI: Fatality
81 6 14:1
decommissioning
Diving, subsea, ROV 25 0 n/a
Drilling, workover, well services 160 6 27:1
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck
66 3 22:1
operations
Maintenance, inspection, testing 123 6 21:1
Office, warehouse,
40 0 n/a
Production operations 96 3 32:1
Seismic / survey operations 9 1 9:1
Transport – Air 27 19 1:1
Transport – Land 29 5 6:1
Transport – Water, incl. marine
30 1 30:1
activity
Unspecified – other 90 0 n/a
2.11 Causal factors

The allocation of ‘causal factors’ to fatal incidents and high potential events was
requested as part of the 2016 data submission. This request was first made in
2010, therefore a comparison of seven years of data is possible.
To standardize the response an IOGP list of causal factors and a glossary was
provided to the member companies as part of the IOGP user guide. The causal
factors list is divided into two sections:
• People (Acts) classifications usually involve either the actions of a person
or actions which were required but not carried out or were incorrectly
performed. There are four major categories of actions, with an additional
level of detail under each of the major categories.
• Process (Conditions) classifications usually involve some type of physical
hazard or organizational aspect out of the control of the individual. There are
five major classification categories, with an additional level of detail under
each of the major categories.
2.12 Fatal Incident Causal Factors

Causal factors are divided into two separate groups, People (Acts) and Process
(Conditions), see Report 2016su Safety data reporting users' guide – 2016 data and
Glossary for details.
• 20 of the 29 fatal incidents reported were assigned causal factors (29 of 40
in 2015)
• 107 causal factors were assigned for the 20 fatal incidents
• Between 1 and 10 causal factors were assigned per incident (between 1
and 15 in 2015).
Table 20: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents

Causal factor group 2015 2016
PEOPLE (ACTS) 63 55
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) 87 52
The causal factors assigned to fatal incidents are shown in Table 21. The
highlighted content indicates the top ten causal factors assigned to fatal incidents
in 2016 compared with the previous six years. Five of the top ten were the same for
all seven years.
Additional information on the fatal incidents reported by region can be found

on the IOGP Safety Zone website: http://safetyzone.iogp.org. The information
provided includes a narrative description of the incident, the corrective actions and
recommendations and the causal factors assigned by the reporting company.
Table 21: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents (2010–2016)

Causal factors 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 14 16 11 16 13 10 13
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 16 9 13 12 14 6 11
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 30 15 17 13 18 11 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate supervision 18 18 16 14 13 9 9
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate training/competence 13 10 13 21 16 11 6
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 5 7 5 4 3 4 6
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 7 8 4 6 4 5 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 10 8 15 15 18 8 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/ 4 6 5 9 5 3 4
inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate communication 12 9 6 8 6 6 3
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of tools/ 9 6 7 10 6 4 3
equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/ 4 5 7 9 5 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 1 7 4 3 1 4 3
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 12 9 13 11 9 9 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 7 11 6 10 6 4 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 5 6 5 5 5 4 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 12 4 4 2 5 4 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized 3 3 3 4 3 2
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 6 4 4 8 3 3 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 2 1 2 1 3 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 8 2 7 4 1 2 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Failure to report/learn from events 3 1 1 3 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate design/ 10 5 7 4 4 7 1
specification/management of change
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 6 4 7 8 6 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 2 4 4 3 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 5 4 9 7 2 2 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 1 1 2 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 1 1 2 2 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 2 5 2 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or 2 2 2 3 2 1
safety devices
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 3 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 5 5 4 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or systems 2 2 4 1 3 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Poor leadership/organizational culture 9 4 4 6 3 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Acts of violence 6 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Use of drugs or alcohol 1
Causal factors are listed in order of frequency for 2016. The top 10 causal factors assigned to fatal incidents for each year are highlighted in yellow.
2016: five causal factors were equal 9th with three assigned incidents (13 factors are highlighted)
2014: three causal factors were equal 9th with six assigned incidents (11 factors are highlighted)
2013: two causal factors were equal 10th with nine assigned incidents (11 factors are highlighted)
2012: four causal factors were equal 9th with seven assigned incidents (12 factors are highlighted)
2.13 High Potential Event Causal Factors

High potential events are defined as ‘any incident or near miss that could have
realistically resulted in one or more fatalities’. Participating companies are invited
to submit a small number of high potential event reports and to select those with
the greatest learning value. The data reported here therefore do not represent the
total number of events for the participating companies, so care should be taken in
interpreting the data presented in this section.
• 103 of the 105 high potential events were assigned causal factors (98 of 120
in 2015)
• 513 causal factors were assigned for the 103 high potential events (383 in 2015)
• Between 1 and 13 causal factors were assigned per event (between 1 and 16
in 2015)
Table 22: Causal factors assigned to high potential events (2016 & 2015)
Causal factors assigned to high potential events 2015 2016
PEOPLE (ACTS) 130 226
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) 253 287
The causal factors assigned to high potential events are shown in Table 23. The
highlighted content indicates the top ten causal factors assigned to high potential
events in 2016 compared with the previous six years. Six of the top ten were the
same for all seven years.
Additional information on the high potential events reported by region can be

found on the IOGP Safety Zone website: http://safetyzone.iogp.org. The information
provided includes a narrative description of the event, the corrective actions and
recommendations and the causal factors assigned by the reporting company.
Definitions
High potential event
Any incident or near miss that could have realistically resulted in one or more fatalities.
Table 23: Causal factors assigned to high potential events (2010–2016)

Causal factors 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 47 24 61 35 28 45 50
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Improper decision making or lack of judgment 23 21 38 24 21 22 40
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate work standards/procedures 37 20 54 44 35 26 38
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation unintentional (by individual or group) 27 15 23 11 17 17 29
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate design/ 13 18 16 29 23 21 28
specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate training/competence 22 15 36 29 17 28 27
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate maintenance/ 21 12 37 29 26 27 24
inspection/testing
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/ 15 8 21 11 6 7 21
stress
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate supervision 31 18 44 24 21 21 20
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Inadequate communication 19 15 36 26 22 18 20
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Improper use/position of 9 17 21 22 16 14 19
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Equipment or materials not secured 3 9 15 9 13 7 19
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 10 9 22 21 8 12 18
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Failure to warn of hazard 9 13 31 12 6 7 18
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Inadequate use of safety systems 2 12 19 9 5 10 16
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Violation intentional (by individual or group) 9 6 7 9 10 13 15
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products: Inadequate/defective tools/ 16 13 27 28 14 14 14
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 13 15 8 14 5 12 14
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper position (in the line of fire) 9 3 13 8 4 9 11
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 6 5 6 3 4 5 11
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products: Servicing of energized 6 3 5 3 2 7 9
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Failure to report/learn from events 4 2 3 4 5 6 8
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Improper lifting or loading 5 9 11 5 4 4 8
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or 1 3 4 2 3 1 6
safety devices
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Fatigue 4 4 1 1 1 2 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organizational: Poor leadership/organizational culture 15 9 10 9 4 9 4
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Work or motion at improper speed 3 3 5 2 4 1 4
PEOPLE (ACTS): Use of Protective Methods: Personal Protective Equipment not used or used 6 3 8 4 5 7 3
improperly
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 3 3 5 4 2 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 5 2 5 2 3 1 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate security provisions or systems 1 3 4 2 0 3 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Work Place Hazards: Storms or acts of nature 0 2 2 3 2 2 2
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Acts of violence 0 1 2 0 1 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Protective Systems: Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 3 1 2 4 0 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS): Following Procedures: Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 3 1 1 2 2 1 0
Causal factors are listed in order of frequency for 2016. The top 10 causal factors assigned to high potential events for each year are highlighted in yellow.
2015: two causal factors were equal 10th with 14 assigned incidents (11 factors are highlighted)
2010: two causal factors were equal 10th with 15 assigned incidents (11 factors are highlighted)
The following eight causal factors were common to the top ten for both fatal
incidents and high potential events in 2016.
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or
risk assessment
lack of judgment
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/
procedures
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Tools, Equipment, Materials & Products:
Inadequate maintenance/inspection/testing
• PEOPLE (ACTS): Inattention/Lack of Awareness: Lack of attention/distracted
by other concerns/stress
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate communication
The following five causal factors appear consistently in the top ten for both fatal
incidents and high potential events for 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010.
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate training/competence
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate hazard identification or
risk assessment
lack of judgment
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate supervision
• PROCESS (CONDITIONS): Organisational: Inadequate work standards/
procedures
2.14 Life-Saving Rules

IOGP has released a set of Life-Saving Rules (OGP Life-Saving Rules, Report 459),
intended for use by the oil and gas industry to mitigate risk and reduce fatalities.
Each Life-Saving Rule consists of a simple icon and descriptive text, providing
clear, simple and consistent communication about risks in the workplace.
These rules were developed by using the fatal incident and high potential event
data from the 1991 to 2010 safety performance indicators reports to identify
the events and activities that are the highest risk and therefore provide clear
instructions on how to mitigate against these risks. The Life-Saving Rules are
split into eight ‘Core Rules’ and ten ‘Supplementary Rules’ (previously called
'Supplemental Rules').
1. 2. 3. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Personal
Safety
4. 5. 6.
Driving
14. 15. 16.

Site Safety
7. 8. 17. 18.
Control of
Work
Figure 44: Life-Saving Rules (from IOGP Report 459)
Assessment of the applicability of the Life-Saving Rules to fatal incident

descriptions for 2016 data shows that at least 58% of the fatal incidents reported
are covered by the Life-Saving Rules and may have been prevented by the adoption
of this system. Insufficient information was provided to be able to assign a rule for
six of the incidents.
Work at height 9% Confined space 3%

System override 3% Dropped objects 10%
Suspended load 1% Excavation 1%
Speeding / phone 5% Gas test 3%
Seat belt 4% Isolation 5%
PPE (Including flotation
device) 7% Journey management 8%
Permit to work 3%
Lift plan 4%
Overhead power lines 2%
Line of fire – safe area 33%
Figure 45: Percentage of Life-Saving Rules allocated to fatal incidents (2012-2016)
Table 24: IOGP Life-Saving Rules allocated to fatal incidents (2012–2016)

Life-Saving Rule Fatal incidents
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Confined space 2 0 1 0 1
Dropped objects 0 1 7 5 2
Excavation 2 0 0 0 0
Gas test 1 1 1 1 0
Isolation 3 0 2 2 1
Journey management 3 1 4 3 1
Lift plan 4 0 1 0 1
Line of fire - safe area 14 14 6 9 6
Overhead power lines 0 1 1 1 0
Permit to work 0 0 3 0 1
PPE (Including flotation device) 1 5 1 2 1
Seat belt 1 2 0 2 1
Speeding / phone 3 0 1 2 1
Suspended load 1 1 0 0 0
System override 4 0 0 0 0
Work at height 2 3 5 2 1
No appropriate Rule 11 8 2 6 6
Insufficient information to assign a Rule 0 6 7 5 6
Overall 52 43 42 40 29
Confined space 2012

Dropped objects 2013
Excavation 2014
Gas test 2015
Isolation 2016
Journey management
Lift plan
Line of fire - safe area
Overhead power lines
Permit to work
PPE (Including flotation device)
Seat belt
Speeding / phone
Suspended load
System override
Work at height
Insufficient information to assign a Rule
No appropriate Rule
0 10 20 30 40 50
Figure 46: IOGP Life-Saving Rules allocated to fatal incidents (2012–2016)

3. Results by region
In this section the safety performance of the contributing IOGP Members is

presented for regions and individual countries within those regions.
Maps showing the division of countries into regions, and the work hours and
number of participating companies by country, are provided in Appendix D.
NORTH RUSSIA, CENTRAL ASIA

AMERICA
EUROPE
ASIA/
AUSTRALASIA
MIDDLE
EAST
AFRICA
SOUTH &
CENTRAL
AMERICA
3.1 Fatalities
Table 25 shows the number of fatal incidents and fatalities in each of the seven
regions into which the data are partitioned.
Further analysis of the fatality statistics is presented in section 3.5, where five-year
rolling averages of FAR are presented for each of the regions.
Table 25: Fatalities, fatal incidents and fatal accident rate by region (2015 & 2016)
Fatalities FAR Fatal Incidents
Region
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
Africa 10 10 1.84 2.25 7 4
Asia/Australasia 7 15 0.76 2.01 4 14
Europe 4 14 1.17 5.11 4 2
Middle East 7 6 1.07 0.99 7 5
North America 20 4 2.31 1.23 13 3
Russia, Central Asia 4 0 1.60 0.00 3 0
South & Central America 2 1 1.41 0.30 2 1
Overall 54 50 1.45 1.73 40 29
3.2 Fatal accident rate (FAR)

Further Fatal Accident Rate analysis is presented in section 3.5, where five-year
rolling averages of FAR are presented for each of the regions.
Table 26: Fatal accident rate by region (2012–2016)

FAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 2.83 4.53 0.86 1.84 2.25
Asia/Australasia 1.35 0.87 1.02 0.76 2.01
Europe 0.52 2.26 1.04 1.17 5.11
Middle East 1.95 0.63 0.33 1.07 0.99
North America 7.50 2.03 1.56 2.32 1.23
Russia, Central Asia 0.55 1.25 0.81 1.60 0.00
South & Central America 0.54 4.37 1.13 1.41 0.30
Overall 2.38 2.12 1.03 1.45 1.73
8 2016
2015
7
2014
6 2013
2012
5
0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia, South & All regions
Australasia East America Central Asia Central
America
Figure 47: Fatal accident rate by region (2012–2016)
Definitions
3.3 Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)

Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered
out, leaving a database of 2,890 million hours, almost 100% of the database
(see Appendix A).
Table 27: Total recordable injury rate by region (2012–2016)

TRIR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 1.14 1.05 1.02 0.76 0.50
Europe 2.64 2.58 2.58 2.22 2.07
Middle East 1.02 0.90 0.86 0.73 0.48
North America 2.82 2.58 2.40 2.13 1.84
Overall 1.74 1.60 1.54 1.21 1.03
3.5 2016
2015
3.0
2014
2013
2.5
2012
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
America
Figure 48: Total recordable injury rate by region (2012–2016)
Definitions
Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost work day cases + restricted work day cases +
medical treatment cases) per million hours worked
3.4 Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)

Further analysis of the lost time injuries is presented in section 3.5, where five-
year rolling averages of LTIF are presented for each of the regions, 100% of the
database (see Appendix A).
Table 28: Lost time injury frequency by region (2012–2016)

LTIF 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.19 0.15
Europe 0.91 1.02 0.81 0.70 0.70
Middle East 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.10
North America 0.94 0.74 0.39 0.41 0.40
Overall 0.48 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.27
1.2 2016
2015
1.0 2014
2013
0.8 2012
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
America
Figure 49: Lost time injury frequency by region (2012–2016)
Definitions
3.5 FAR, TRIR and LTIF five-year rolling averages

In order to smooth out variability in the annual values for the regional TRIR, FAR
and LTIF, five-year rolling averages are computed which should provide a more
reliable indicator of performance trends.
The five-year rolling average is calculated by summing the total number of

incidents of the five previous years, and dividing by the sum of the work hours for
these years. For example, the five-year rolling average for 2016 is calculated by:
(Number of injuries in 2012+2013+2014+2015+2016)
(Total work hours in 2012+2013+2014+2015+2016)
The number series involved in the calculation is frame-shifted along by one each
year, e.g. 2016 is calculated from 2012–2016 data.
The figures show TRIR, FAR and LTIF five-year rolling averages for each of the
regions, and includes the ‘overall’ curve.
The increase in the North America five-year rolling average FAR for 2012 can be
attributed to the effect of a gas leak and explosion following the loss of mechanical
integrity of a pipeline in Mexico (onshore) in which 31 individuals lost their lives.
Asia/ Middle North Russia, South &

FAR five-year rolling average (per 100 million hours)
Africa Europe Overall

America
5
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 50: FAR five-year rolling average by region (2011–2016)


Australasia East America Central
TRIR five-year rolling average (per million hours)
Central Asia
America
4
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 51: TRIR five-year rolling average by region (2011–2016)

LTIF five-year rolling average (per million hours)
America
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 52: LTIF five-year rolling average by region (2011–2016)

3.6 Severity of lost work day cases

The number of days lost was reported for 77% of lost work day cases.
The severity of lost work day cases is the highest in the South & Central America
region compared with the other regions (93 days lost per LWDC in 2016). This is a
53% increase compared with the average for the previous five-year period.
The greatest increase in lost work day case severity is shown in the Middle East,
where the 2016 average days lost was 62.2, 183% higher than the 2011–2015
average.
Appendix A provides further information on the proportion of the database which

can be used for lost work day case severity. More than 86% of the data submitted
for Africa, Asia/Australasia, the Middle East and South & Central America was
usable for this metric, in comparison with only 40% of equivalent data for North
America.
Definitions
Lost work day case (LWDC)
An incident resulting in at least one day off work. Fatal incidents are not included.
Severity of lost work day cases

Severity is defined as the number of days lost (where reported) for each lost work day case.
Table 29: Severity of lost work day cases by region (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
Region 2011-2015 2015 2016 2016 relative to 2016 relative to
2011-2015 severity 2015 severity
Africa 32.8 42.7 33.1 # 1% higher $ 22% lower
Asia/Australasia 27.7 27.7 39.5 # 42% higher # 42% higher
Europe 39.8 38.8 45.3 # 14% higher # 17% higher
Middle East 22.0 24.6 62.2 # 183% higher # 153% higher
North America 52.1 87.8 25.1 $ 52% lower $ 71% lower
Russia, Central Asia 50.3 70.8 55.3 # 10% higher $ 22% lower
South & Central America 61.2 55.9 93.4 # 53% higher # 67% higher
Overall 43.6 54.0 61.4 # 41% higher # 14% higher
100 2011–2015
2016
2016 Overall
80
61.4
60
40
20
0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia, South &
America
Figure 53: Severity of lost work day cases by region (2016 compared with 2011–2015)
3.7 Individual country performance

The safety performance reported by participating IOGP member companies of
individual countries is presented in terms of the lost time injury frequency of
companies jointly with contractors. To preserve the anonymity of companies,
performance is only published for those countries for which at least 2 companies
have reported statistics. Countries with less than 50,000 reported work hours
are excluded, since results for such small populations of hours would be
unrepresentative. Overall averages and regional averages include data from all
countries regardless of work hours or number of contributing companies.
24 of the 103 countries for which data have been reported are excluded by these
constraints.
TRIR calculations exclude data where medical treatment cases are not reported.
The chart of relative TRIR performance therefore compares the 2016 performance
with that of 2015 and 2014 for 78 of the 79 countries.
The majority of countries in Africa, Asia/Australasia, Middle East and Russia,

Central Asia, achieved a TRIR equal to or lower than the overall average TRIR
(1.03). The majority of countries in Europe, North America and South & Central
America show a TRIR higher than the global average.
The chart of relative LTIF performance for the remaining 79 countries compares
the 2016 performance with that of 2015 and 2014.
The majority of countries in Africa, Asia/Australasia, the Middle East and Russia,
Central Asia achieved an LTIF equal to or lower than the overall average LTIF
(0.27). The majority of countries in Europe, North America and South & Central
America show an LTIF higher than the global average.
For comparison, the five-year rolling average FAR is shown for each of the regions.
There appears to be little if any correlation between these values and the regional
average LTIF and TRIR values.
2016 average TRIR 2016

Five-year rolling average FAR (0.0) 2015
2016 Global average TRIR 2014
Africa (2.5)
Morocco
Ivory Coast
Mauritania
Equatorial Guinea
Tunisia
Tanzania
Ghana
Gabon
Senegal
Kenya
Angola
Mozambique
Libya
Congo
Uganda
Egypt
Nigeria
Algeria
South Africa
Liberia
Asia-Australasia (1.2)
New Zealand
Japan
South Korea
Australia
Papua New Guinea
Vietnam
Thailand
Pakistan
Myanmar
Malaysia
China
Brunei
Indonesia
India
Philippines
Singapore
Europe (1.9)
Germany
Hungary
Norway
Denmark
Croatia
Spain
Poland
Ireland
Netherlands
UK
France
Italy
Romania
Bulgaria
Monaco
Cyprus
Middle East (1.0)
Oman
UAE
Iraq
Qatar
Kuwait
Iran
Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Yemen
North America (2.8)
Canada
USA
Mexico
Russia, Central Asia (0.9)
Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Russia
Ukraine
South & Central America (1.6)
Guyana 41.67
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Argentina
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Uruguay
Surinam
0 1.03 3 6 9 12
TRIR (per million hours worked) and FAR 5-year rolling average (per 100 million hours worked)
Figure 54: Total recordable injury rate by region (2016) and country (2014–2016) and FAR five-year rolling
average by region (2016)
2016 average LTIF 2016 One or more fatalities (2016) in red

Five-year rolling average FAR (0.0) 2015
2016 Global average LTIF 2014
(2.5)
Africa
Senegal
Mozambique
Equatorial Guinea
Tunisia
Congo
Libya
Angola
Egypt
Gabon
Algeria
Nigeria
South Africa
Ghana
Morocco
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Mauritania
Tanzania
Uganda
Liberia
(1.1)
Asia-Australasia
New Zealand
Vietnam
South Korea
Pakistan
China
Australia
Japan
Papua New Guinea
Malaysia
Thailand
Myanmar
Indonesia
Singapore
Philippines
Brunei
India
(1.9)
Europe
Hungary
Spain
Croatia
Poland
Norway
Italy
France
UK
Germany
Denmark
Netherlands
Romania
Bulgaria
Ireland
Monaco
Cyprus
(1.0)
Middle East
Oman
UAE
Kuwait
Iraq
Qatar
Iran
Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Yemen
(2.8)
North America
USA
Canada
Mexico
(0.9)
Russia, Central Asia
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russia
Ukraine
(1.6)
South & Central America
Venezuela
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Argentina
Trinidad & Tobago
Bolivia
Uruguay
Guyana
Surinam
0 0.23 1 2 3
LTIF (per million hours worked) and FAR 5-year rolling average (per 100 million hours worked)
Figure 55: Lost time injury frequency by region (2016) and country (2014–2016) and FAR five-year rolling
average by region (2016)
3.8 Incident triangles by region

In this section the relative numbers of types of occupational injury are shown in
the form of ‘incident triangles’. The ratios have been corrected to account for the
absence, in some data submissions, of medical treatment cases.
Definitions
Lost time injuries:
Lost work day cases and fatalities
Recordable injuries:
Fatalities, lost work day cases, restricted work day cases and medical treatment cases where
medical treatment cases are reported for the data set
Ratio of lost time injuries to fatalities:
The number of lost time injuries (LTI) divided by the total number of fatalities
(LTI/fatalities)
Ratio of total recordable injuries to fatalities
The number of recordable injuries divided by the total number of fatalities
(recordable injuries/fatalities)
Table 30: Ratio of lost time injuries and recordable injuries to fatalities – Africa
(2013-2016)
Year Ratio of lost time injuries to fatalities Ratio of total recordable injuries to fatalities
2016 7:1 22:1
2015 11:1 41:1
2014 34:1 116:1
2013 7:1 23:1
10 1 9 Fatalities
Lost time
65 11 54 injuries
Total
221 30 191 recordable
incidents
Figure 56: Incident triangles by company & contractor – Africa (2016)

Table 31: Ratio of lost time injuries and recordable injuries to fatalities –
Asia/Australasia (2013–2016)
2016 8:1 40:1
2015 18:1 117:1
2014 17:1 97:1
2013 17:1 107:1
15 1 14 Fatalities
Lost time
116 22 94 injuries
Total
incidents
Figure 57: Incident triangles by company & contractor – Asia/Australasia (2016)
Europe (2013–2016)
2016 14:1 40:1
2015 60:1 189:1
2014 78:1 239:1
2013 45:1 113:1
14 2 12 Fatalities
Lost time
193 54 139 injuries
Total
incidents
Figure 58: Incident triangles by company & contractor – Europe (2016)

Middle East (2013–2016)
2016 10:1 49:1
2015 16:1 67:1
2014 53:1 255:1
2013 34:1 141:1
6 0 6 Fatalities
Lost time
62 12 50 injuries
Total
incidents
Figure 59: Incident triangles by company & contractor – Middle East (2016)
North America (2013–2016)
2016 33:1 150:1
2015 18:1 55:1
2014 25:1 96:1
2013 36:1 116:1
4 2 2 Fatalities
Lost time
131 32 99 injuries
Total
incidents
Figure 60: Incident triangles by company & contractor – North America (2016)
Russia, Central Asia (2013-2016)
2016 n/a n/a
2015 12:1 43:1
2014 22:1 72:1
2013 27:1 65:1
0 0 0 Fatalities
Lost time
13 3 10 injuries
Total
86 18 68 recordable
incidents
Figure 61: Incident triangles by company & contractor – Russia, Central Asia (2016)
Table 36: Ratio of lost time injuries and recordable injuries to fatalities
– South & Central America (2013–2016)
2016 196:1 610:1
2015 47:1 143:1
2014 68:1 247:1
2013 19:1 72:1
1 0 1 Fatalities
Lost time
196 26 170 injuries
Total
incidents
Figure 62: Incident triangles by company & contractor – South & Central America (2016)
4. Results by function
In this section the safety performance within different functions performed in

the E&P industry is presented. Functions are defined as ‘exploration’, ‘drilling’,
‘production’, ‘construction’ and ‘unspecified’. The category ‘other’ is no longer in
use. See the Glossary of Terms at Appendix E for definitions.
The percentage of the total work hours reported under each function has been
detailed below. See Appendix B for further data.
Table 37: Percentage of total work hours reported under each function (2012–2016)
% of 2012 % of 2013 % of 2014 % of 2015 % of 2016
work hours work hours work hours work hours work hours
Exploration 1.7 2.5 2.7 1.9 1.7
Drilling 14.4 15.4 16.2 14.8 14.4
Production 35.7 34.8 37.3 35.5 35.7
Construction 23.5 24.7 22.9 24.5 23.5
Unspecified 24.6 22.6 20.9 23.3 24.6
4.1 Fatalities
The distribution of company and contractor fatal incidents and fatalities between
the functions is shown for both 2016 and 2015.
Table 38: Number of fatalities and fatal incidents by function (2012–2016)
Fatal incidents Fatalities
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Exploration 3 3 1 3 1 4 3 1 3 1
Drilling 11 14 17 9 8 12 15 19 10 8
Production 13 15 14 22 14 15 33 15 35 28
Construction 18 6 8 4 4 19 18 8 4 6
Unspecified 7 5 2 2 2 38 11 2 2 7
Overall 52 43 42 40 29 88 80 45 54 50
4.2 FAR, LTIF and TRIR – five-year rolling averages

In order to smooth out variability in the annual values for the regional TRIR, FAR
and LTIF, five-year rolling averages are computed which should provide a more
reliable indicator of performance trends.
The five-year rolling average is calculated by summing the total number of

incidents of the five previous years, and dividing by the sum of the work hours for
these years. For example, the five-year rolling average for 2016 is calculated by:
(Number of fatalities in function in 2012+2013+2014+2015+2016)
(Total work hours in function 2012+2013+2014+2015+2016)
The number series involved in the calculation is frame shifted along by one each
year, e.g. 2016 will calculate from 2012–2016, inclusive.
FAR five-year rolling average (per 100 million hours)
Exploration Drilling Production Construction Unspecified Overall
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 63: Fatal accident rate five-year rolling average
For calculations of TRIR submissions without information on medical treatment

cases were filtered out, leaving a database of 2,890 million hours, almost 100% of
the database (see Appendix A).

TRIR five-year rolling average (per million hours)
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 64: Total recordable injury rate five-year rolling average

LTIF five-year rolling average (per million hours)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Figure 65: Lost time injury frequency five-year rolling average

4.3 Severity of lost work day cases (LWDC)

Severity of LWDC – Average lost days per LWDC
2011–2015
80
2016
70 2016 Overall
61.4
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Exploration Drilling Production Construction Unspecified
Figure 66: Average severity of lost work day cases
The overall average number of days lost per lost work day case (LWDC) is 61.4 in
2016 (54.0 in 2015). Offshore the LWDC severity is 79.2 days lost per LWDC compared
with 46.9 days for onshore activities (66.4 and 45.2 respectively for 2015). See
section 2.8 for additional information and section 3.6 for LWDC severity by region.
4.4 Exploration performance
4.4.1 Total recordable injury rate – exploration

Figures 67 and 68 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for exploration
related activities, in different regions of the world.
50 million work hours (99% of reported exploration work hours) were used in
this analysis, of which company activities represent 34% and contractor activities
represent 66%. This is a decrease of 11 million work hours compared with 2015
(61 million work hours in 2015; 32% company, 68% contractor).
Definitions
Exploration
Geophysical, seismographic and geological operations, including their administrative and
engineering aspects, construction, maintenance, materials supply and transportation of
personnel and equipment; excludes drilling.
In 2016 the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in
exploration activities are 0.24 and 1.50 respectively; the overall average TRIR for
exploration activities is 1.07.
The company only total recordable injury rates for the Russia, Central Asia region
show a high average for the 2011-2015 five-year period. This is against a relatively
small number of work hours (168,000 in 2016).
Further information on exploration TRIR by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 35.
6 2011–2015
Company TRIR (per million hours worked) – exploration
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.24
0
America
Figure 67: Company total recordable injury rate for exploration activities – by region
(2016 compared with 2011–2015)
6 2011–2015
Contractor TRIR (per million hours worked) – exploration
2016
5 2016 Overall
2
1.50
1
0
America
Figure 68: Contractor total recordable injury rate for exploration activities – by region
4.4.2 Lost time injury frequency – exploration

Figures 69 and 70 show the LTIF for companies and contractors for exploration
related activities, in different regions of the world. The 2016 result is compared
with average LTIF results in the previous five-year period.
50 million work hours (100% of reported exploration work hours) were used in
this analysis of which company activities represent 34% and contractor activities
represent 66%. This is a reduction of 20 million work hours compared with 2015
(32% company, 68% contractor in 2015).
In 2016 the overall LTIF values for companies and contractors engaged in
exploration activities are 0.06 and 0.31 respectively; the overall average LTIF for
exploration activities is 0.22.
Company LTIF values associated with exploration show an LTIF of zero

(no fatalities or LWDC reported) in all regions except Europe in 2016.
Further information on exploration LTIF by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 36.
6 2011–2015
Company LTIF (per million hours worked) – exploration
2016
5 2016 Overall
0.06
0
America
Figure 69: Company lost time injury frequency for exploration activities – by region
6
Contractor LTIF (per million hours worked) – exploration
2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.31
0
America
Figure 70: Contractor lost time injury frequency for exploration activities – by region
4.5 Drilling performance
4.5.1 Total recordable injury rate – drilling

Figures 71 and 72 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for drilling related
activities in different regions of the world.
417 million work hours (almost 100% of reported drilling work hours) were used in
represent 84%. This represents a decrease of 46 million work hours compared
with 2015, with a similar ratio of company to contractor activities (10% to 90%
respectively).
In 2016 the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in drilling
activities are 0.89 and 1.87 respectively; the overall TRIR for drilling activities is 1.71.
Further information on drilling TRIR by region is available in Appendix B Table B.37.
Definitions
Drilling
All exploration, appraisal and production drilling and workover as well as their administrative,
engineering, construction, materials supply and transportation aspects. It includes site
preparation, rigging up and down and restoration of the drilling site upon work completion.
Drilling includes ALL exploration, appraisal and production drilling.
6 2011–2015
Company TRIR (per million hours worked) – drilling
2016
5 2016 Overall
1 0.89
0
America
Figure 71: Company total recordable injury rate for drilling activities – by region
6 2011–2015
Contractor TRIR (per million hours worked) – drilling
2016
5 2016 Overall
2 1.87
0
America
Figure 72: Contractor total recordable injury rate for drilling activities – by region
4.5.2 Lost time injury frequency – drilling

417 million work hours (100% of reported drilling work hours) were used in this
analysis, of which company activities represent 16% and contractor activities
represent 84%. This represents a decrease of 133 million work hours compared
with 2015, with almost the same ratio of company to contractor activities (17% to
83% respectively in 2015).
The figures show the LTIF for companies and contractors in drilling related
activities in different regions of the world. In 2016 the overall LTIF for both
companies and contractors engaged in drilling activities is 0.54. In 2016 the overall
LTIF values for companies and contractors engaged in drilling activities are 0.31
and 0.59 respectively.
Further information on drilling LTIF by region is available in Appendix B Table B 38.
6 2011–2015
Company LTIF (per million hours worked) – drilling
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.31
0
America
Figure 73: Company lost time injury frequency for drilling activities – by region
6 2011–2015
Contractor LTIF (per million hours worked) – drilling
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.59
0
America
Figure 74: Contractor lost time injury frequency for drilling activities – by region
4.6 Production performance
Definitions
Production
Petroleum and natural gas producing operations, including their administrative and
engineering aspects, minor construction, repairs, maintenance and servicing, materials
supply, and transportation of personnel and equipment. It covers all mainstream production
operations including wireline. It does not cover production drilling and workover.
See the Appendix E: Glossary of Terms for details.
4.6.1 Total recordable injury rate – production

Figures 75 and 76 show the TRIR for companies and contractors for production
related activities in different regions of the world.
1,032 million work hours (almost 100% of reported production work hours) were
used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 28% and contractor
activities represent 72%. This represents a reduction of 94 million work hours
compared with 2015, with the same ratio of company to contractor activities
(28% to 72% respectively).
production activities are 1.33 and 1.32 respectively; the overall average TRIR for
production activities is 1.32.
Further information on production TRIR by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 39.
6 2011–2015
Company TRIR (per million hours worked) – production
2016
5 2016 Overall
2
1.33
1
0
America
Figure 75: Company total recordable injury rate for production activities – by region
6 2011–2015
Contractor TRIR (per million hours worked) – production
2016
5 2016 Overall
2
1.32
1
0
America
Figure 76: Contractor total recordable injury rate for production activities – by region
4.6.2 Lost time injury frequency – production

Figures 77 and 78 show the LTIF for companies and contractors for production
related activities in different regions of the world.
1,035 million work hours (100% of reported production work hours) were used in
represent 72%. This is a reduction of 286 million work hours compared with 2015,
with a similar ratio of company to contractor activities (29% to 71% respectively). In
2016 the overall LTIF values for companies and contractors engaged in production
activities are 0.38 and 0.33 respectively; the overall average LTIF for production
activities is 0.34.
Further information on production LTIF by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 40.
6 2011–2015
Company LTIF (per million hours worked) – production
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.38
0
America
Figure 77: Company lost time injury frequency for production activities – by region
6 2011–2015
Contractor LTIF (per million hours worked) – production
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.33
0
America
Figure 78: Contractor lost time injury frequency for production activities – by region
4.7 Construction performance
Definitions
Construction
All major construction, fabrication activities and also disassembly, removal and disposal
(decommissioning) at the end of the facility life. Includes construction of process plant, yard
construction of structures, offshore installation, hook-up and commissioning, and removal of
redundant process facilities
The company and contractor results for 2016 construction performance are
presented below.
Construction activities are predominately conducted by contractors therefore the

work hours reported for contractors are much greater than those reported for
company employees. Refer to Appendix B for detailed information.
4.7.1 Total recordable injury rate – construction

680 million work hours (almost 100% of reported construction work hours) were
used in this analysis of which company activities represent 7% and contractor
activities represent 93%. This is a reduction of 176 million work hours compared
with 2015, with the same ratio of company to contractor activities (7% to 93%
respectively).
construction activities are 0.35 and 0.71 respectively; the overall average TRIR for
construction activities is 0.69.
Further information on construction TRIR by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 41.
Company TRIR (per million hours worked) – construction
6 2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.35
0
America
Figure 79: Company total recordable injury rate for construction activities – by region
6
Contractor TRIR (per million hours worked) – construction
2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
1 0.71
0
America
Figure 80: Contractor total recordable injury rate for construction activities – by region
4.7.2 Lost time injury frequency – construction

680 million work hours (100% of reported construction work hours) were used in this
analysis of which company activities represent 7% and contractor activities represent
93%. This represents a reduction of 232 million work hours compared with 2015,
with the same ratio of company to contractor activities (7% to 93% respectively).
In 2016 the overall LTIF values for companies and contractors engaged in
construction activities are 0.06 and 0.13 respectively; the overall average LTIF for
construction activities is 0.13.
Further information on construction LTIF by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 42.
6
Company LTIF (per million hours worked) – construction
2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
0.06
0
America
Figure 81: Company lost time injury frequency for construction activities – by region
Contractor LTIF (per million hours worked) – construction
6 2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
0.13
0
America
Figure 82: Contractor lost time injury frequency for construction activities – by region
4.8 Unspecified performance
Definitions
Unspecified
Unspecified is used for the entry of data associated with office personnel who’s work hours
and incident data cannot be reasonably assigned to the administrative support of one of the
function groupings of exploration, drilling, production or construction. Corporate overhead
support function personnel such as finance or human resources staff may be examples where
work hours cannot be specifically assigned to a particular function.
4.8.1 Total recordable injury rate – unspecified

711 million work hours (almost 100% of work hours reported as unspecified) were
used in this analysis, of which company activities represent 34% and contractor
activities represent 66%. This represents a reduction of 99 million work hours
compared with 2015, with a similar ratio company to contractor activities (36% to
64% respectively in 2015).
In 2016 the overall TRIR values for companies and contractors engaged in activities
where the work function was not specified are 0.33 and 0.64 respectively; the
overall average TRIR for unspecified activities is 0.53.
Further information on unspecified TRIR by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 43.
6
Company TRIR (per million hours worked) – unspecified
2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.33
0
America
Figure 83: Company total recordable injury rate for unspecified activities – by region
6 2011–2015
Contractor TRIR (per million hours worked) – unspecified
2016
5 2016 Overall
1
0.63
0
America
Figure 84: Contractor total recordable injury rate for unspecified activities – by region
4.8.2 Lost time injury frequency – unspecified

714 million work hours (100% of work hours reported as unspecified) were used in
represent 65%. This represents a reduction of 153 million work hours compared
with 2015, with a similar ratio company to contractor activities (35% to 65%
respectively in 2015).
In 2016 the overall LTIF values for companies and contractors engaged in activities
in the ‘unspecified’ work function are 0.11 and 0.16 respectively; the overall
average LTIF for unspecified activities is 0.14.
Reported under the ‘unspecified’ function in 2016 were:

• 1 company fatality and 6 contractor fatalities
• 26 company and 68 contractor lost work day cases
Reported under the ‘unspecified’ function from 2011 to 2015 were:

• 12 company and 46 contractor fatalities
• 270 company and 697 contractor lost work day cases
Further information on unspecified LTIF by region is available in Appendix B

Table B 44.
6 2011–2015
Company LTIF (per million hours worked) – unspecified
2016
5 2016 Overall
0.11
0
America
Figure 85: Company lost time injury frequency for unspecified activities – by region
Contractor LTIF (per million hours worked) – unspecified
6 2011–2015
2016
5 2016 Overall
0.16
0
America
Figure 86: Contractor lost time injury frequency for unspecified activities – by region
5. Results by company
This section compares the safety performance of individual companies with each
other and with their performance in previous years.
5.1 Overall company results

For reasons of anonymity each of the 43 companies that has contributed relevant
data and is to be included in this analysis has been allocated a unique code
letter (A to QQ). These codes change every year in line with LTIF performance. All
companies reported both company and contractor data. Results for all of the 43
participating companies are therefore shown in this section. In 2016 IOGP member
companies reported 44 contractor and 6 company employee fatalities.
5.1.1 Fatal accident rate

In the figure below the FAR is presented for those companies that, with their
contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours reported. 15 companies
met this criterion in 2016, compared with 20 companies in 2015. Companies are
shown in rank order of company-with-contractor FAR.
• 10 of the 15 companies with their contractors had a lower FAR than the
average for companies with contractors reporting more than 50 million work
hours reported (1.90).
• 12 of the 15 companies suffered one or more fatalities.
Company with contractors Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors *2016 Fatality
16
14
12
10
2
1.57
0
B Z T LL GG JJ CC BB DD II AA J U EE HH
Figure 87: Fatal accident rate (2016), total workforce hours >50 million
5.1.2 Total recordable injury rate

The TRIR for companies together with their contractors is presented below. Data
are only included where Medical Treatment Cases (MTC) are reported. All of the 43
participating companies qualified for inclusion in this section.
The TRIR for company alone is plotted alongside the TRIR for company and
contractors jointly. Details of results are tabulated in Appendix B.
In six instances, contractors achieved a lower TRIR than the companies they were
employed by.
Company with contractors Company only Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors
4.5
4.0
Compa
3.5 Compa
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0 1.03
0.5
0.0
S F G M H B V R A C E J L X N Y Q K I NN CC W AA P D PP GG O KK FF U DD EE T LL Z HH JJ II BB MM QQ OO
Figure 88: Total recordable injury rate (2016)
In Figure 89 the TRIR for contractors alone is plotted alongside the TRIR for
company and contractors jointly.
Company with contractors Contractor only Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors
10
Contrac
9
8 Compan
7
6
5
4
3
2
1.03
1
0 S F G M H B V R A C E J L X N Y Q K I NN CC W AA P D PP GG O KK FF U DD EE T LL Z HH JJ II BB MM QQ OO
Figure 89: Total recordable injury rate (2016)

In Figures 90 and 91 the TRIR is presented for those companies that, with their
contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours. Fifteen companies met
this criterion in 2016, compared with the 19 in 2015. Companies are shown in rank
order of the company-with-contractor TRIR for companies alone vs. company-
with-contractor TRIR and for contractors alone vs. company-with-contractor TRIR.
Ten of the 15 companies with their contractors had a lower TRIR than the overall
average for companies with their contractors reporting more than 50 million work
hours (0.87).
3.5
Compa
3.0
Compa
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0 0.87
0.5
0.0 B J CC AA GG DD U EE T LL Z HH JJ II BB
Figure 90: Total recordable injury rate (2016), total workforce hours >50 million
3.5
Contrac
3.0
Compa
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0 0.87
0.5
0.0 B J CC AA GG DD U EE T LL Z HH JJ II BB
Figure 91: Total recordable injury rate (2016), total workforce hours >50 million
The remaining 28 companies which, with their contractors, reported less than
50 million work hours are presented below in rank order of the company-with-
contractor TRIR for companies alone vs. company-with-contractor TRIR and for
contractors alone vs. company-with-contractor TRIR.
Nine of the 28 companies with their contractors had a lower TRIR than the overall
average for smaller companies with contractors (1.17).
4.5
Compan
4.0
3.5 Compan
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.17
1.0
0.5
0.0 S F G M H V R A C E L X N Y Q K I NN W P D PP O KK FF MM QQ OO
Figure 92: Total recordable injury rate (2016), total workforce hours <50 million
10
Contractor on
9
8 Company with
2
1.17
1
0 S F G M H V R A C E L X N Q K I NN W P D PP O KK FF MM QQ OO
Figure 93: Total recordable injury rate (2016), total workforce hours <50 million
5.1.3 Lost time injury frequency

The figure shows the LTIF in rank order for companies together with their
contractors. All of the 43 participating companies (A to QQ) contributed both
company and contractor data, although not always for every country in which
operations were conducted. Data for all 43 participating companies are therefore
included in this section.
The LTIF for the company alone and contractors alone is plotted alongside the LTIF
for company and contractors jointly. The incidence of a fatality in either company
or contractor operations is also indicated*. Details of results are tabulated in
Appendix B.
• 39 of the 43 companies with their contractors delivered a LTIF of less than 1
• 13 of the companies presented below suffered one or more fatality
• In 8 instances, contractors achieved a lower LTIF than the companies they
were employed by.
Company with contractors Company only Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors *2016 Fatality
1.8
1.6
Compa
1.4 Compa
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.27
0.2
0.0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
Figure 94: Lost time injury frequency (2016)
Company with contractors Contractor only Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors *2016 Fatality
2.0
Contrac
1.5
Compa
1.0
0.5
0.27
0.0
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S U T V W Y Z AA BB CC DD FF EE GG II HH JJ KK LL MM NN OO PP QQ
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Figure 95: Lost time injury frequency (2016)

In Figures 96 and 97 below the LTIF is presented for those companies that, with
their contractors, reported more than 50 million work hours. Fifteen companies
met this criterion in 2016, compared with 20 companies in 2015. Companies are
shown in rank order of the company-with-contractor LTIF.
• 10 of the 15 companies with their contractors performed below the overall
average for companies with contractors reporting more than 50 million work
hours reported (0.24).
• 12 of the 15 companies suffered one or more fatalities.
2.0
Compan
1.5
Compan
1.0
0.5
0.24
0.0
B* J* T* U Z* AA* BB* CC* DD* EE GG* HH II* JJ* LL*
Figure 96: Lost time injury frequency (2016), joint hours >50 million
2.0
Contractor on
Company wit
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.24
0.0
B* J* T* U Z* AA* BB* CC* DD* EE GG* HH II* JJ* LL*
Figure 97: Lost time injury frequency (2016), joint hours >50 million
The remaining 28 companies which, with their contractors, reported less than 50
million work hours reported are presented below in rank order of the company-
with-contractor LTIF.
• 12 of the 28 companies with their contractors performed below the overall
average for smaller companies with contractors (0.41).
• Two of the 28 smaller companies presented below suffered one or more
fatalities.
2.0
Compa
1.5
Compa
1.0
0.5
0.41
0.0
A* C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S V W* X Y FF KK MM NN OO PP QQ
Figure 98: Lost time injury frequency (2016), joint hours <50 million
1.8
Contractor on
1.6
1.4 Company with
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4 0.41
0.2
0.0
A* C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S V W* X Y FF KK MM NN OO PP QQ
Figure 99: Lost time injury frequency (2016), joint hours <50 million
5.2 Company results by function

Results of companies together with their contractors have been analysed by
function to allow more in-depth benchmarking between companies. The TRIR
indicator has been selected, and the ranked results are shown in the following
charts. Only companies that provided data by function are included, and then only
those companies that reported more than 100,000 hours worked. Results against
smaller numbers of hours would not have statistical significance. The company
code letters are the same as used elsewhere in this section.
Exploration was the only function where the top quartile company with contractors
shows a TRIR of zero. It is also the function with the smallest number of work
hours reported (2% of the total in 2016, see Appendix A).
LTIF results by function can be found in Appendix B.
Company with contractors Top quartile 2016 Overall companies with contractors
TRIR (per million hours worked) – exploration
12
10
2
1.07
0
J H M AA B L Y W JJ EE BB C CC HH I KK LL NN O PP R S T X Z
Figure 100: Total recordable injury rate (2016), Exploration activities
12
TRIR (per million hours worked) – drilling
10
2 1.72
0
S Y K B NN M C F V L R JJ H X O I J GG AA DD W KK CC D Q T FF HH PP LL BB EE Z E P
Figure 101: Total recordable injury rate (2016), Drilling activities

TRIR (per million hours worked) – production
12
10
2
1.32
0
V S F E H R B M X J C A L CC Q PP W P GG I DD EE FF AA LL T Y Z HH KK K BB MM QQ JJ O OO
Figure 102: Total recordable injury rate (2016), Production activities
TRIR (per million hours worked) – construction
12
10
2
0.69
0
S Q F E X H KK B M R W I T LL GG AA EE FF CC MM DD BB HH Z JJ C G K L O QQ Y
Figure 103: Total recordable injury rate (2016), Construction activities

Appendix A – Database dimensions
Company Contractor
5000
Number of work hours reported (millions)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016
Figure A.1: Work hours reported by company and contractor (1985–2016)
Table A.1: Work hours reported by data type and operations (2016)
Work hours reported (thousands)
Data type
Company 521,580 145,755 667,335
Contractor 1,613,366 614,920 2,228,286
Overall 2,134,946 760,675 2,895,621
The database for the year 2016 covers 2,895,621,000 work hours reported in the
exploration and production sector of the oil and gas industry. The database is 22%
smaller than it was in 2015.
• 74% of the hours reported were associated with onshore activities, 26% with
offshore activities.
• 103 countries are represented in the database, 5 fewer than in the 2015
database. Countries are listed in Appendix D.
• 43 companies contributed data, of which all companies contributed
contractor statistics, though not in every case for each country of operation.
• Of the 43 companies, 40 had contributed data in 2015 which accounted for
82% of the database in 2015 and 91% of the database in 2016. 41 of the
companies submitting 2016 data had also provided data in 2014.
• 17 of the companies contributed 90% of the hours. 6 companies between them
covered 52% of the hours, and the largest contributor accounted for 13%.
• 23% of the reported work hours were related to company personnel and 77%
were related to contractors.
Appendix A 107
A summary of the key elements of the database is shown in the table at the end of
this section.
2016
South & Central America 12% Africa 15%
Russia, Central Asia 6%
North America 11% Asia/Australasia 26%
Middle East 21%
Europe 9%
2015
South & Central America 4% Africa 15%
Russia, Central Asia 7%
North America 23% Asia/Australasia 25%
Middle East 17% Europe 9%
Figure A.2: Percentage of work hours reported by region (2015 and 2016)
‘Unspecified (as a work function)’ is used for the entry of data associated with
office personnel whose work hours and incident data cannot be reasonably
assigned to the administrative support of one of the function groupings of
exploration, drilling, production or construction. Corporate overhead support
function personnel such as finance or human resources staff may be examples
where work hours cannot be specifically assigned to a particular function. All other
data that are not separated out by function are reported as ‘unspecified’.
2016
Exploration 2%
Unspecified 25% Drilling 14%
Construction 23% Production 36%
2015
Exploration 2%
Unspecified 23% Drilling 15%
Construction 25% Production 35%
Figure A3: Percentage of work hours reported by function (2015 and 2016)
Appendix A 109
Proportion of database used in analysis

For calculations of FAR, Fatal incidents per 100 million work hours, and LTIF:
• All hours in the database were used.
For calculations of TRIR:

• Submissions without information on medical treatment cases were filtered
out, leaving a database of 2,890 million hours, almost 100% of the database.
• In 2015, the TRIR database was 3,317 million hours, 89% of the total database.
For calculations of lost work day case severity:

• Submissions without information on days off work were filtered out, leaving a
database of 2,233 million hours, 77% of the total database.
• In 2015, this database was 2,728 million hours, 73% of the total database.
For calculations of restricted work day case severity:

• Submissions without information on days assigned to restricted activities
were filtered out, leaving a database of 1,567 million hours (54% of the total
database), and 414 restricted work day cases.
• In 2015 this database was 1,903 million hours, 51% of the total database.
More detailed information is shown in the tables below.

Table A.2: Percentage of reported work hours included in analyses by region (2016)
Percentage of reported work hours included in analysis
TRIR Lost work day case Restricted work

Region
severity day case severity
Africa 99% 87% 57%
Asia/Australasia 100% 88% 84%
Europe 100% 56% 49%
Middle East 100% 86% 48%
North America 100% 40% 38%
Russia, Central Asia 100% 52% 50%
South & Central America 100% 89% 16%
Table A.3: Percentage of reported work hours included in analyses by function (2016)

Function
Exploration 99% 78% 51%
Drilling 99% 82% 53%
Production 99% 74% 46%
Construction 99% 74% 57%
Unspecified 99% 79% 62%
Table A.4: Percentage of reported work hours included in analyses overall (2016)

Overall 100% 77% 54%
Table A.5: Percentage of reported RWDC included in RWDC severity calculations (2016)
Percentage of reported work hours included in RWDC severity analysis
57% 65% 63% 65% 59%

Appendix B 111
Appendix B – Data tables
Table B.1: Summary of 2016 data by region

Hours worked Fatalities LWDCs RWDCs MTCs
Region Data type Operations FAR LTIF TRIR
(thousands) (number) (number) (number) (number)
Company Onshore 75,731 1 8 5 7 1.32 0.12 0.28

Offshore 17,819 0 2 2 6 0.00 0.11 0.56
Africa
Contractor Onshore 277,123 8 30 32 54 2.89 0.14 0.44

Offshore 73,861 1 15 23 29 1.35 0.22 0.92
Subtotal 444,534 10 55 62 96 2.25 0.15 0.50
Company Onshore 114,011 1 13 21 24 0.88 0.12 0.52
Asia/Australasia
Offshore 42,094 0 8 14 12 0.00 0.19 0.81

Offshore 183,736 3 33 48 75 1.63 0.20 0.87
Subtotal 745,095 15 101 177 310 2.01 0.16 0.81
Company Onshore 85,982 1 29 10 20 1.16 0.35 0.70
Offshore 24,544 1 23 11 34 4.07 0.98 2.81
Europe

Offshore 89,170 12 87 61 156 13.46 1.11 3.55
Subtotal 273,849 14 179 115 258 5.11 0.70 2.07
Company Onshore 82,043 0 10 16 21 0.00 0.12 0.57
MIddle East
Offshore 9,044 0 2 8 4 0.00 0.22 1.55

Offshore 33,916 0 6 14 19 0.00 0.18 1.15
Subtotal 607,678 6 56 88 142 0.99 0.10 0.48
Company Onshore 109,362 2 25 30 67 1.83 0.25 1.13
North America
Offshore 11,958 0 5 6 3 0.00 0.42 1.17

Offshore 35,923 0 17 31 31 0.00 0.47 2.20
Subtotal 325,869 4 127 159 310 1.23 0.40 1.84
Company Onshore 16,575 0 2 0 10 0.00 0.12 0.72
Central Asia
Offshore 10,355 0 1 3 2 0.00 0.10 0.58

Russia,

Offshore 53,202 0 4 8 13 0.00 0.08 0.47
Subtotal 166,135 0 13 18 55 0.00 0.08 0.52
Company Onshore 37,876 0 14 3 14 0.00 0.37 0.82
South & Central
Offshore 29,941 0 12 1 30 0.00 0.40 1.44

America

Offshore 145,112 1 111 9 217 0.69 0.77 2.33
Subtotal 332,461 1 195 38 376 0.30 0.59 1.83
Company Onshore 521,580 5 101 85 163 0.96 0.20 0.68
Offshore 145,755 1 53 45 91 0.69 0.37 1.30
Total
Contractor Onshore 1,613,366 26 299 333 753 1.61 0.20 0.87

Offshore 614,920 17 273 194 540 2.76 0.47 1.67
Grand Total 2,895,621 50 726 657 1547 1.73 0.27 1.03
Table B.2: Summary of 2016 data, company, contractor, onshore, offshore

Hours worked Fatalities LWDCs RWDCs MTCs FAR LTIF TRIR
Company 667,335 6 154 130 254 0.90 0.24 0.82

Contractor 2,228,286 44 572 527 1293 1.97 0.28 1.09
Onshore 2,134,946 32 400 418 916 1.50 0.20 0.83
Offshore 760,675 18 326 239 631 2.37 0.45 1.60
Table B.3: Summary of 2016 data by function

Hours worked Fatalities LWDCs RWDCs MTCs
Function Data type Operations FAR LTIF TRIR
Company Onshore 16,277 0 1 3 0 0.00 0.06 0.25

Exploration
Offshore 911 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

Offshore 5,968 0 1 4 2 0.00 0.17 1.17
Subtotal 49,870 1 10 32 10 2.01 0.22 1.07
Company Onshore 45,292 0 17 13 12 0.00 0.38 0.91
Offshore 21,896 0 4 7 8 0.00 0.18 0.87
Drilling

Offshore 184,833 2 128 155 70 1.08 0.70 1.92
Subtotal 417,143 8 218 313 177 1.92 0.54 1.71
Company Onshore 190,934 4 55 106 51 2.09 0.31 1.14
Offshore 96,279 1 48 80 35 1.04 0.51 1.70
Production

Offshore 264,523 15 115 299 69 5.67 0.49 1.88
Subtotal 1,034,543 28 324 753 259 2.71 0.34 1.32
Company Onshore 40,266 0 3 5 7 0.00 7.45 37.44
Construction
Offshore 8,736 0 0 1 1 0.00 0.00 22.89

Offshore 85,934 0 13 43 32 0.00 15.13 102.40
Subtotal 680,482 6 80 267 115 0.88 12.64 68.80
Company Onshore 228,811 1 25 36 15 2.09 0.11 0.34
Unspecified
Offshore 17,933 0 1 3 1 1.04 0.06 0.28

Offshore 73,662 0 16 39 21 5.67 0.22 1.03
Subtotal 713,583 7 94 182 96 2.71 0.14 0.53
Company Onshore 521,580 5 101 163 85 0.96 20.32 36.75
Offshore 145,755 1 53 91 45 0.69 37.05 67.92
Total
Contractor Onshore 1,613,366 27 299 753 333 1.67 20.21 40.80

Offshore 614,920 17 273 540 194 2.76 47.16 78.74
Grand Total 2,895,621 50 726 1547 657 1.73 26.80 49.51
Appendix B 113
The following data are presented in relation to the sections where they were used.
Section 1 Summary
Intentionally excluded.
Section 2 Overall results

Table B.4: Fatal accident rate (2007–2016)
Year Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore
2007 1.65 3.39 2.99 3.01 2.92
2008 2.81 3.20 3.12 3.38 2.25
2009 1.58 3.11 2.76 2.75 2.78
2010 3.17 2.64 2.76 2.62 3.16
2011 1.33 2.03 1.88 1.94 1.67
2012 1.58 2.59 2.38 2.87 0.89
2013 1.83 2.20 2.12 1.70 3.27
2014 0.53 1.17 1.03 0.96 1.22
2015 1.34 1.49 1.45 1.19 2.21
2016 0.90 1.97 1.73 1.50 2.37
Hours 2016 (thousands) 667,335 2,228,286 2,895,621 2,134,946 760,675
Table B.5: Fatal incident rate (2007-2016)

2007 1.35 2.85 2.51 2.74 1.69
2008 2.53 2.47 2.48 2.71 1.72
2009 1.22 2.06 1.87 1.86 1.90
2010 1.10 1.86 1.70 1.70 1.69
2011 0.80 1.63 1.45 1.57 1.03
2012 0.79 1.57 1.41 1.58 0.89
2013 0.85 1.22 1.14 0.94 1.68
2014 0.32 1.14 0.96 0.92 1.06
2015 0.67 1.20 1.08 0.94 1.47
2016 0.45 1.17 1.00 1.08 0.79
Hours 2016 (thousands) 667,335 2,228,286 2,895,621 2,134,946 760,675
Table B.6: Total recordable injury rate (2007–2016)

2007 2.41 2.76 2.68 2.51 3.26
2008 1.49 2.23 2.08 1.75 3.09
2009 1.28 1.89 1.75 1.45 2.79
2010 1.19 1.81 1.68 1.41 2.45
2011 1.32 1.88 1.76 1.45 2.84
2012 1.12 1.90 1.74 1.49 2.53
2013 0.95 1.77 1.60 1.33 2.34
2014 0.90 1.70 1.54 1.33 2.16
2015 0.89 1.30 1.21 1.08 1.65
2016 0.82 1.09 1.03 0.83 1.60
Hours 2016 (thousands) 662,816 2,227,185 2,890,001 2,129,706 760,295
Table B.7: Lost time injury frequency (2007–2016)

2007 0.54 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.82
2008 0.52 0.56 0.55 0.47 0.81
2009 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.38 0.70
2010 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.35 0.62
2011 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.34 0.74
2012 0.47 0.49 0.48 0.38 0.81
2013 0.40 0.47 0.45 0.34 0.77
2014 0.26 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.52
2015 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.23 0.47
2016 0.24 0.28 0.27 0.20 0.45
Hours 2016 (thousands) 667,335 2,228,286 2,895,621 2,134,946 760,675
Table B.8: Fatalities by category (2016)

Category Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore % of total
Assault or violent act 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Aviation accident 2 17 19 6 13 38.0
Caught in, under or between 0 6 6 5 1 12.0
Confined space 0 2 2 2 0 4.0
Cut, puncture, scrape 0 1 1 1 0 2.0
Explosions or burns 2 7 9 8 1 18.0
Exposure electrical 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Falls from height 0 2 2 0 2 4.0
Overexertion, strain 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Pressure release 1 0 1 1 0 2.0
Slips and trips (at same height) 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Struck by 1 9 10 9 1 20.0
Water related, drowning 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Other 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Overall 6 44 50 32 18
Appendix B 115
Table B.9: Fatalities by activity (2016)

Activity Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore % of total
0 6 6 6 0 12.0
decommissioning
Diving, subsea, ROV 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Drilling, workover, well services 0 6 6 4 2 12.0
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck
0 3 3 1 2 6.0
operations
Maintenance, inspection, testing 2 4 6 6 0 12.0
Office, warehouse,
0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Production operations 2 1 3 3 0 6.0
Seismic/survey operations 0 1 1 1 0 2.0
Transport – Air 2 17 19 6 13 38.0
Transport – Land 0 5 5 5 0 10.0
Transport – Water, incl. marine
0 1 1 0 1 2.0
activity
Unspecified – other 0 0 0 0 0 N/A
Overall 6 44 50 32 18
Table B.10: Lost work day cases by category (2016)

Category Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore % of total
Assault or violent act 3 13 16 13 3 2.2
Aviation accident 1 0 1 0 1 0.1
Caught in, under or between 10 109 119 53 66 16.4
Confined space 0 4 4 4 0 0.6
Cut, puncture, scrape 17 40 57 26 31 7.9
Explosions or burns 5 26 31 15 16 4.3
Exposure electrical 2 3 5 4 1 0.7
1 7 8 5 3 1.1
Falls from height 13 46 59 34 25 8.1
Overexertion, strain 14 28 42 22 20 5.8
Pressure release 0 8 8 3 5 1.1
Slips and trips (at same height) 38 85 123 72 51 16.9
Struck by 28 110 138 78 60 19.0
Water related, drowning 0 1 1 0 1 0.1
Other 22 92 114 71 43 15.7
Overall 154 572 726 400 326
Table B.11: Lost work day cases by activity (2016)

Activity Company Contractor Overall Onshore Offshore % of total
2 73 75 64 11 10.3
decommissioning
Diving, subsea, ROV 0 25 25 0 25 3.4
Drilling, workover, well services 16 138 154 73 81 21.2
Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations 5 58 63 24 39 8.7
Maintenance, inspection, testing 33 84 117 58 59 16.1
Office, warehouse, accommodation,
14 26 40 29 11 5.5
catering
Production operations 47 46 93 58 35 12.8
Seismic/survey operations 0 8 8 7 1 1.1
Transport – Air 4 4 8 3 5 1.1
Transport – Land 5 19 24 24 0 3.3
Transport – Water, incl. marine activity 1 28 29 5 24 4.0
Unspecified – other 27 63 90 55 35 12.4
Overall 154 572 726 400 326
Table B.12: Lost work day case severity (2007–2016)

Average number of days lost per LWDC
Year
2007 32.7 35.6 35.0 33.0 42.0
2008 35.2 34.6 34.7 32.1 41.0
2009 35.3 38.3 37.5 34.8 44.4
2010 35.4 46.0 43.9 39.4 52.6
2011 41.1 42.6 42.3 39.8 46.4
2012 38.8 41.3 40.7 36.8 46.0
2013 43.5 42.9 43.0 35.8 51.2
2014 51.6 40.3 42.2 39.9 45.5
2015 53.7 54.1 54.0 45.2 66.4
2016 37.6 66.9 61.4 46.9 79.2
Table B.13: Restricted work day case severity (2007–2016)

Average number of days lost per RWDC
Year
2007 15.3 10.5 10.9 8.9 16.0
2008 16.1 13.4 13.7 13.3 14.4
2009 15.3 13.8 13.9 12.4 15.8
2010 14.7 13.8 13.9 13.6 14.4
2011 12.9 10.2 10.4 11.7 8.6
2012 13.8 12.1 12.2 11.5 13.4
2013 17.2 14.2 14.5 15.4 13.0
2014 14.6 11.6 11.8 12.2 11.2
2015 22.4 18.7 19.1 18.2 21.0
2016 14.4 14.4 14.4 13.8 15.6
Appendix B 117
Table B.14: Life-Saving Rules attributable to fatal incidents (2016)

Rule Fatal incidents Core Rule
Confined space 1 yes
Isolation 1 yes
Journey management 1 yes
Permit to work 1 yes
Seat belt 1 yes
Speeding / phone 1 yes
Suspended load 0 yes
Work at height 1 yes
Dropped objects 2
Drugs and alcohol 0
Excavation 0
Gas test 0
Lift plan 1
Line of fire – safe area 6
Overhead power lines 0
PPE (Including flotation device) 1
Smoking 0
System override 0
No appropriate Rule 6
Insufficient information to assign a Rule 6
Overall 29
Section 3 Results by region

Table B.15: Fatalities and fatal incidents by region (2012–2016)
Fatalities Fatal Incidents

Region
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 17 27 5 10 10 13 9 5 7 4
Asia/Australasia 10 8 11 7 15 10 7 10 4 14
Europe 2 9 4 4 14 2 5 4 4 2
Middle East 13 4 2 7 6 11 4 2 7 5
North America 42 12 16 20 4 12 10 14 13 3
Russia, Central Asia 2 3 2 4 0 2 3 2 3 0
South & Central America 2 17 5 2 1 2 5 5 2 1
Overall 88 80 45 54 50 52 43 42 40 29
Table B.16: Fatal accident rate by region (2012–2016)

Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 2.83 4.53 0.86 1.84 2.25
Europe 0.52 2.26 1.04 1.17 5.11
Middle East 1.95 0.63 0.33 1.07 0.99
North America 7.50 2.03 1.56 2.31 1.23
Overall 2.38 2.12 1.03 1.45 1.73
Table B.17: Total recordable injury rate by region (2012–2016)

Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 1.14 1.05 1.02 0.76 0.50
Europe 2.64 2.58 2.58 2.22 2.07
Middle East 1.02 0.90 0.86 0.73 0.48
North America 2.82 2.58 2.40 2.13 1.84
Overall 1.74 1.60 1.54 1.21 1.03
Table B.18: Lost time injury frequency by region (2012–2016)

Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.19 0.15
Europe 0.91 1.02 0.81 0.70 0.70
Middle East 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.10
North America 0.94 0.74 0.39 0.41 0.40
Overall 0.48 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.27
Table B.19: Work hours reported by region (2007–2016)

Thousand work hours
Year Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia, South & Central Overall
Australasia East America Central Asia America
2007 496,830 540,809 296,407 553,424 285,769 418,534 321,028 2,912,801
2008 499,818 562,677 310,258 835,031 304,046 444,115 348,223 3,304,168
2009 542,110 697,524 319,176 1,018,682 320,541 350,794 337,015 3,585,842
2010 562,121 725,171 308,870 676,337 295,339 461,827 381,479 3,411,144
2011 558,573 609,466 344,762 690,171 400,902 439,420 412,784 3,456,078
2012 600,478 741,523 384,668 666,915 560,027 363,944 373,485 3,691,040
2013 595,637 919,063 398,820 637,244 590,089 240,596 389,097 3,770,546
2014 580,464 1,077,835 385,335 607,954 1,025,254 248,328 440,789 4,365,959
2015 543,205 924,392 342,781 653,049 864,115 249,902 141,872 3,719,316
2016 444,534 745,095 273,849 607,678 325,869 166,135 332,461 2,895,621
Appendix B 119
Table B.20: Fatal accident rate five-year rolling average by region (2007–2016)
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia, South & Central Overall
Year
2007 6.0 1.5 3.0 4.2 3.6 5.5 3.8 4.1
2008 5.1 1.4 3.5 3.6 2.8 5.2 3.9 3.7
2009 4.1 1.4 4.6 2.8 2.4 4.4 3.7 3.2
2010 3.8 2.1 4.0 2.5 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.1
2011 2.9 2.3 3.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.7
2012 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.0 4.4 2.3 2.4 2.6
2013 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.7 4.1 1.8 2.3 2.4
2014 2.6 1.9 1.2 1.3 3.2 1.4 2.0 2.0
2015 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 2.8 1.2 2.1 1.8
2016 2.5 1.2 1.9 1.0 2.8 0.9 1.6 1.7
Table B.21: Total recordable injury rate five-year rolling average by region (2007–2016)
Year
2007 2.9 1.7 5.3 3.0 5.2 2.2 4.1 3.2
2008 2.8 1.6 4.7 1.9 4.9 2.1 3.8 2.8
2009 2.2 1.4 4.3 1.5 4.4 1.9 3.5 2.4
2010 2.0 1.4 3.9 1.3 4.0 1.8 3.2 2.2
2011 1.7 1.3 3.4 1.1 3.6 1.6 3.1 2.0
2012 1.5 1.3 3.1 0.9 3.2 1.1 3.1 1.8
2013 1.3 1.2 2.9 0.9 2.9 1.0 3.1 1.7
2014 1.2 1.2 2.7 0.9 2.7 0.9 3.0 1.7
2015 1.0 1.1 2.6 0.9 2.6 0.9 3.0 1.6
2016 0.9 1.0 2.5 0.8 2.4 0.8 2.7 1.5
Table B.22: Lost time injury frequency five-year rolling average by region (2007–2016)
Year
2007 0.7 0.4 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 2.0 1.0
2008 0.7 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.7 0.8
2009 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.7
2010 0.5 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.6
2011 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.5
2012 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.5
2013 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.5
2014 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4
2015 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4
2016 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.4
Table B.23: Severity of lost work day cases by region (2012–2016)

Average number of days lost per LWDC
Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Africa 35.9 29.2 33.2 42.7 33.1
Europe 38.1 42.3 33.8 38.8 45.3
Middle East 26.2 13.6 34.6 24.6 62.2
North America 36.7 49.6 49.2 87.8 25.1
Overall 40.7 43.0 42.2 54.0 61.4
Table B.24: Total recordable injury rate by country (2014–2016)

Note: data only included in TRIR calculations where medical treatment cases are reported.
Region Country 2014 2015 2016

Africa
Morocco 4.53 2.56 10.20
Ivory Coast 4.18 9.74 3.81
Mauritania 1.63 1.53 2.56
Equatorial Guinea 1.19 0.43 1.32
Tunisia 1.77 1.98 1.25
Tanzania 1.35 0.00 1.15
Ghana 0.91 0.80 0.98
Gabon 1.90 2.04 0.97
Senegal 4.08 0.00 0.85
Kenya 2.53 0.98 0.82
Angola 1.40 0.75 0.77
Mozambique 1.22 0.79 0.77
Libya 0.84 0.76 0.60
Congo 0.95 0.63 0.59
Africa average 0.50
Uganda 1.01 0.35 0.38
Egypt 0.71 0.56 0.34
Nigeria 0.35 0.39 0.27
Algeria 2.32 1.47 0.12
South Africa 0.00 6.85 0.00
Liberia 8.58 0.00 0.00
Appendix B 121

Asia-Australasia
New Zealand 5.05 3.29 3.93
Japan 4.83 2.34 2.01
South Korea 0.91 1.03 1.65
Australia 2.08 1.76 1.56
Papua New Guinea 1.46 1.34 1.47
Vietnam 0.32 1.05 1.40
Thailand 0.96 1.02 1.12
Asia-Australasia average 0.81
Pakistan 0.25 1.07 0.71
Myanmar 1.00 0.36 0.61
Malaysia 0.57 0.41 0.50
China 0.38 0.39 0.45
Brunei 1.55 0.82 0.43
Indonesia 0.46 0.42 0.25
India 1.00 1.26 0.00
Philippines 0.46 0.47 0.00
Singapore 0.33 0.00 0.00
Europe
Germany 4.86 3.76 3.53
Hungary 2.03 2.52 3.21
Norway 3.25 2.82 2.77
Denmark 7.39 4.62 2.75
Croatia 3.06 3.20 2.65
Ireland 3.74 2.67 2.45
Spain 1.06 1.63 2.40
Poland 0.00 0.00 2.19
UK 2.30 2.23 2.09
Netherlands 3.39 2.21 2.09
Europe average 2.07
France 1.08 2.22 1.26
Italy 0.80 0.42 1.06
Romania 0.90 0.52 0.53
Bulgaria 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cyprus 1.88 0.00 0.00

Middle East
Oman 1.24 0.78 0.58
UAE 0.53 0.60 0.51
Iraq 1.53 0.64 0.51
Middle East average 0.48
Qatar 0.94 0.76 0.44
Kuwait 0.72 0.80 0.44
Iran 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kurdistan Region of Iraq 0.00 3.61 0.00
Yemen 0.84 0.97 0.00
North America
Canada 2.49 2.10 2.05
North America average 1.84
USA 2.37 2.14 1.78
Mexico 0.00 0.00 0.00

Turkmenistan 0.19 0.27 0.71
Kazakhstan 0.54 0.53 0.59
Russia, Central Asia average 0.52
Azerbaijan 0.40 0.40 0.50
Russia 0.80 1.15 0.22
Ukraine 0.00 0.00 0.00

Guyana 41.67 0.00 2.87
Bolivia 1.73 2.04 2.43
Brazil 3.13 2.64 1.99
South & Central America average 1.83
Colombia 2.69 6.95 1.74
Ecuador 2.49 1.16 1.69
Argentina 2.05 1.70 1.37
Peru 1.55 2.02 1.14
Trinidad & Tobago 1.33 1.33 1.10
Venezuela 6.04 4.90 1.09
Uruguay 5.68 0.00 0.00
Surinam 0.00 0.00 0.00
Appendix B 123
Table B.25: Lost time injury frequency by country (2014–2016)
One or more
fatalities in 2016
Africa
Senegal 1.02 0.00 0.85 no
Mozambique 0.30 0.18 0.67 no
Equatorial Guinea 0.22 0.00 0.53 no
Tunisia 1.07 0.51 0.50 no
Congo 0.24 0.17 0.29 yes
Libya 0.19 0.28 0.18 no
Angola 0.23 0.11 0.16 yes
Egypt 0.25 0.13 0.15 yes
Gabon 0.39 0.40 0.15 no
Africa average 0.15
Algeria 1.53 0.82 0.08 no
Nigeria 0.10 0.11 0.07 yes
South Africa 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Ghana 0.15 0.40 0.00 no
Morocco 0.57 0.00 0.00 no
Ivory Coast 2.79 0.00 0.00 no
Kenya 0.99 0.25 0.00 no
Mauritania 0.82 0.51 0.00 no
Tanzania 0.45 0.00 0.00 no
Uganda 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Liberia 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Asia-Australasia
New Zealand 1.25 0.00 1.31 no
Vietnam 0.32 0.26 0.70 no
South Korea 0.17 0.29 0.47 yes
Pakistan 0.22 0.43 0.27 yes
China 0.17 0.12 0.22 yes
Australia 0.22 0.19 0.20 yes
Japan 0.60 0.31 0.17 no
Papua New Guinea 0.19 0.10 0.16 no
Asia-Australasia average 0.16
Malaysia 0.20 0.10 0.12 yes
Thailand 0.12 0.09 0.12 no
Myanmar 0.28 0.09 0.10 no
Indonesia 0.08 0.08 0.06 yes
Singapore 0.04 0.00 0.00 no
Philippines 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Brunei 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
India 0.30 0.54 0.00 no
One or more
fatalities in 2016
Europe
Hungary 0.25 1.26 2.41 no
Spain 0.27 0.54 2.40 no
Croatia 1.68 1.68 1.99 no
Poland 0.00 0.00 1.64 no
Norway 1.04 1.03 0.99 yes
Italy 0.75 0.28 0.73 no
Europe average 0.70
France 0.33 0.99 0.63 no
UK 0.70 0.57 0.57 no
Germany 1.43 1.36 0.55 no
Denmark 1.24 0.56 0.55 no
Netherlands 0.68 0.61 0.36 no
Romania 0.40 0.23 0.29 yes
Bulgaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Ireland 0.83 0.00 0.00 no
Monaco 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Cyprus 1.88 0.00 0.00 no
Middle East
Oman 0.31 0.09 0.17 yes
UAE 0.06 0.12 0.11 no
Kuwait 0.18 0.15 0.10 yes
Middle East average 0.10
Iraq 0.20 0.12 0.08 no
Qatar 0.17 0.27 0.06 no
Iran 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Kurdistan Region of Iraq 0.00 0.36 0.00 no
Yemen 0.35 0.12 0.00 no
North America
USA 0.44 0.41 0.42 yes
North America average 0.40
Canada 0.32 0.29 0.36 yes
Mexico 0.37 0.47 0.00 no
Appendix B 125
One or more
fatalities in 2016
Turkmenistan 0.09 0.20 0.71 no
Azerbaijan 0.00 0.06 0.08 no
Russia, Central Asia average 0.08
Kazakhstan 0.18 0.14 0.06 no
Russia 0.27 0.32 0.06 no
Ukraine 0.00 0.00 0.00 no

Venezuela 2.12 1.62 0.91 no
Brazil 0.84 0.97 0.68 yes
Colombia 0.78 0.74 0.65 no
South & Central America average 0.59
Ecuador 0.36 0.66 0.42 no
Peru 0.77 0.84 0.38 no
Argentina 0.48 0.63 0.35 no
Trinidad & Tobago 0.37 0.08 0.34 no
Bolivia 0.26 0.34 0.23 no
Uruguay 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Guyana 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Surinam 0.00 0.00 0.00 no
Section 4 Results by function

Table B.26: Number of fatalities and fatal incidents by function (2015 and 2016)
Fatalities Fatal incidents
Function
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Exploration 4 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 3 1
Drilling 12 15 19 10 8 11 14 17 9 8
Production 15 33 15 35 28 13 15 14 22 14
Construction 19 18 8 4 6 18 6 8 4 4
Unspecified 38 11 2 2 7 7 5 2 2 2
Overall 88 80 45 54 50 52 43 42 40 29
Table B.27: Exposure hours by function (2012–2016)

Hours (thousands)
Function
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Exploration 84,947 95,197 117,859 69,865 49,870
Drilling 672,728 579,757 706,179 550,112 417,143
Production 1,220,365 1,313,488 1,628,568 1,320,658 1,034,543
Construction 911,045 930,481 1,001,301 911,697 680,482
Unspecified 801,955 851,623 911,052 866,984 713,583
Overall 3,691,040 3,770,546 4,365,959 3,719,316 2,895,621
Table B.28: Fatal accident rate five-year rolling average by function (2011–2016)
Year Exploration Drilling Production Construction Unspecified Overall
2011 1.91 3.82 3.35 1.80 2.35 2.69
2012 2.42 3.43 2.90 1.69 2.62 2.57
2013 2.50 3.19 2.58 1.71 2.30 2.38
2014 1.97 2.92 1.82 1.56 2.03 1.99
2015 2.49 2.16 1.94 1.41 1.41 1.75
2016 2.87 2.19 1.93 1.24 1.45 1.72
Table B.29: Fatal accident rate by function (2011–2016)

2011 0.00 1.87 2.65 1.91 0.72 1.88
2012 4.71 1.78 1.23 2.09 4.74 2.38
2013 3.15 2.59 2.51 1.93 1.29 2.12
2014 0.85 2.69 0.92 0.80 0.22 1.03
2015 4.29 1.82 2.65 0.44 0.23 1.45
2016 2.01 1.92 2.71 0.88 0.98 1.73
Appendix B 127
Table B.30: Total recordable injury rate five-year rolling average by function (2011–2016)
2011 2.74 3.62 2.41 1.06 1.54 1.97
2012 2.63 3.14 2.18 1.04 1.34 1.80
2013 2.24 2.96 2.01 1.06 1.17 1.71
2014 2.05 2.83 1.91 1.13 1.01 1.66
2015 1.82 2.70 1.78 1.14 0.91 1.58
2016 1.56 2.51 1.64 1.07 0.84 1.45
Table B.31: Total recordable injury rate by function (2011–2016)

2011 2.70 2.84 2.05 1.13 0.95 1.76
2012 2.14 2.59 1.92 1.32 1.21 1.74
2013 1.87 3.05 1.75 1.13 0.90 1.60
2014 1.48 2.78 1.75 1.08 0.85 1.54
2015 0.88 2.12 1.39 1.01 0.67 1.21
2016 1.07 1.71 1.32 0.69 0.53 1.03
Table B.32: Lost time injury frequency five-year rolling average by function (2011–2016)
2011 0.60 0.96 0.64 0.25 0.35 0.50
2012 0.56 0.88 0.58 0.23 0.34 0.47
2013 0.56 0.84 0.55 0.22 0.31 0.45
2014 0.50 0.81 0.50 0.21 0.27 0.43
2015 0.47 0.75 0.47 0.20 0.25 0.40
2016 0.43 0.73 0.43 0.18 0.23 0.38
Table B.33: Lost time injury frequency by function (2011–2016)

2011 0.53 0.70 0.55 0.21 0.22 0.43
2012 0.60 0.81 0.49 0.24 0.46 0.48
2013 0.74 0.94 0.53 0.21 0.24 0.45
2014 0.30 0.78 0.40 0.16 0.17 0.36
2015 0.20 0.48 0.40 0.16 0.16 0.29
2016 0.22 0.54 0.34 0.13 0.14 0.27
Table B.34: Severity of lost work day cases by function (2011–2016)

Year
2011 42.4 51.8 40.4 36.4 22.8 42.3
2012 37.6 50.3 39.6 36.8 26.2 40.7
2013 27.0 51.4 47.5 23.7 27.7 43.0
2014 32.1 49.6 41.5 31.9 31.2 42.2
2015 29.3 63.9 60.0 42.2 30.5 54.0
2016 19.5 65.7 72.5 55.0 20.8 61.4
Table B.35: Exploration TRIR by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
and the number of related work hours for companies and contractors for 2016 only
TRIR Work hours (thousands)
Region Company Contractor Company Contractor
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.15 0.00 1.86 0.79 1,966 3,810
Asia/Australasia 0.34 0.00 1.73 0.76 2,947 9,173
Europe 0.82 0.54 2.05 0.00 3,731 1,326
Middle East 0.70 0.00 2.30 0.51 793 9,845
North America 0.51 0.00 2.88 1.60 6,216 3,130
Russia, Central Asia 2.60 0.00 0.97 0.00 168 33
South & Central America 0.90 1.89 4.52 5.41 1,058 5,365
Overall 0.55 0.24 2.25 1.50 16,879 32,682
Table B.36: Exploration LTIF by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
LTIF Work hours (thousands)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.07 0.00 0.48 0.26 2,275 3,810
Europe 0.42 0.27 1.05 0.00 3,731 1,326
Middle East 0.67 0.00 0.59 0.00 793 9,845
North America 0.03 0.00 0.81 0.64 6,216 3,130
Russia, Central Asia 0.81 0.00 0.55 0.00 168 33
Overall 0.20 0.06 0.56 0.31 17,188 32,682
Appendix B 129
Table B.37: Drilling TRIR by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.77 0.42 2.28 0.98 7,097 46,880
Europe 1.96 1.11 4.88 3.67 9,951 26,412
Middle East 0.46 1.46 2.37 1.55 23,950 67,655
North America 0.32 0.14 4.07 2.73 7,307 47,247
Russia, Central Asia 1.48 1.16 1.17 0.91 1,727 10,987
Overall 1.16 0.89 2.89 1.87 67,085 349,939
Table B.38: Drilling LTIF by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.17 0.42 0.68 0.28 7,200 46,896
Europe 1.05 0.50 1.87 1.33 9,951 26,412
Middle East 0.37 0.33 0.47 0.27 23,950 67,655
North America 1.03 0.00 0.81 0.66 7,307 47,247
Overall 0.71 0.31 0.75 0.59 67,188 349,955
Table B.39: Production TRIR by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.86 0.44 1.02 0.47 36,139 129,952
Europe 1.86 1.80 3.94 3.08 53,746 70,843
Middle East 1.22 0.53 0.83 0.44 30,189 100,779
North America 2.71 2.45 3.27 2.38 46,072 90,176
Overall 1.49 1.33 1.88 1.32 284,977 747,028
Table B.40: Production LTIF by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.25 0.05 0.30 0.14 38,375 130,225
Europe 0.78 0.78 1.27 0.99 53,746 70,843
Middle East 0.36 0.10 0.18 0.07 30,189 100,779
North America 0.59 0.52 0.62 0.48 46,072 90,176
Overall 0.46 0.38 0.47 0.33 287,213 747,330
Table B.41: Construction TRIR by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.29 0.00 1.31 0.52 7,672 45,834
Europe 0.53 0.81 2.55 2.06 4,917 35,458
Middle East 0.20 0.00 0.54 0.21 9,380 255,712
North America 0.48 0.53 2.45 2.34 13,148 24,817
Overall 0.41 0.35 1.19 0.71 48,796 631,480
Table B.42: Construction LTIF by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.09 0.00 0.26 0.15 7,878 45,834
Europe 0.17 0.00 0.71 0.51 4,917 35,458
Middle East 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.06 9,380 255,712
North America 0.11 0.15 0.29 0.40 13,148 24,817
Overall 0.11 0.06 0.20 0.13 49,002 631,480
Appendix B 131
Table B.43: Unspecified TRIR by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.42 0.30 0.57 0.46 36,159 123,574
Europe 0.59 0.39 1.57 1.68 38,181 29,155
Middle East 0.83 0.37 0.97 0.28 26,775 82,600
North America 0.73 0.35 2.11 1.40 48,577 39,179
Overall 0.60 0.33 1.07 0.64 245,079 466,056
Table B.44: Unspecified LTIF by region for companies and contractors (2016 & 2011–2015)
2011-2015 2016 2011-2015 2016 2016
Africa 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.12 37,822 124,219
Europe 0.25 0.16 0.48 0.55 38,181 29,284
Middle East 0.22 0.04 0.34 0.12 26,775 82,600
North America 0.26 0.12 0.56 0.33 48,577 39,179
Overall 0.20 0.11 0.28 0.16 246,744 466,839
Section 5 Results by company

Table B.45: FAR, TRIR and LTIF results by company (2016)
FAR TRIR LTIF
Company code
FAR Total TRIR Total Company Contractor LTIF Total Company Contractor
A 19.58 2.45 1.71 3.43 1.57 1.54 1.60
B 15.38 2.83 2.08 3.13 1.07 0.93 1.12
C 0.00 2.11 1.26 2.72 1.05 0.84 1.21
D 0.00 1.04 0.00 1.62 1.04 0.00 1.62
E 0.00 2.01 0.00 3.19 0.93 0.00 1.47
F 0.00 3.89 2.13 5.14 0.88 0.47 1.16
G 0.00 3.51 1.71 4.49 0.85 0.34 1.12
H 0.00 2.94 1.88 3.42 0.80 0.69 0.85
I 0.00 1.31 0.87 1.40 0.71 0.58 0.73
J 0.45 2.00 1.33 2.16 0.69 0.47 0.74
K 0.00 1.36 0.00 1.64 0.68 0.00 0.82
L 0.00 1.98 0.49 2.58 0.65 0.32 0.77
M 0.00 3.09 2.27 3.61 0.60 0.60 0.60
N 0.00 1.58 0.00 2.59 0.59 0.00 0.97
O 0.00 0.93 0.00 1.20 0.56 0.00 0.72
P 0.00 1.06 0.00 2.03 0.53 0.00 1.01
Q 0.00 1.44 1.05 1.77 0.48 1.05 0.00
R 0.00 2.46 1.91 2.75 0.43 0.27 0.51
S 0.00 4.06 2.97 5.12 0.37 0.50 0.24
T 3.35 0.80 0.77 0.83 0.34 0.35 0.33
U 0.00 0.86 0.39 1.10 0.34 0.20 0.41
V 0.00 2.59 0.42 9.59 0.32 0.00 1.37
X 0.00 1.64 0.83 2.51 0.29 0.14 0.44
W 2.78 1.17 0.79 1.35 0.28 0.35 0.24
OVERALL 1.73 1.03 0.82 1.09 0.27 0.24 0.28
Y 0.00 1.53 0.00 2.17 0.26 0.00 0.36
Z 4.10 0.57 0.28 0.72 0.25 0.14 0.30
AA 0.78 1.10 0.64 1.21 0.24 0.06 0.28
BB 1.09 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.19 0.28 0.15
CC 1.33 1.26 1.37 1.20 0.18 0.19 0.18
DD 1.03 0.86 0.64 0.92 0.18 0.18 0.17
EE 0.00 0.81 0.31 0.99 0.16 0.09 0.18
FF 0.00 0.86 0.64 0.92 0.16 0.00 0.20
GG 2.43 0.97 1.06 0.96 0.13 0.12 0.14
HH 0.00 0.50 0.88 0.41 0.11 0.20 0.09
II 0.91 0.44 0.18 0.50 0.11 0.09 0.11
JJ 1.79 0.46 0.58 0.45 0.10 0.11 0.10
KK 0.00 0.88 0.56 1.01 0.10 0.00 0.14
LL 2.57 0.76 0.58 0.79 0.09 0.04 0.10
MM 0.00 0.30 0.45 0.25 0.07 0.15 0.04
NN 0.00 1.30 0.00 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
PP 0.00 0.98 0.83 1.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
QQ 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Note: company codes are allocated according to company & contractor LTIF performance
Appendix B 133
Table B.46: Company TRIR results by function (2016)

TRIR Exploration TRIR Drilling TRIR Production TRIR Construction
Code Total Code Total Code Total Code Total
J 5.90 A 14.14 V 8.90 S 10.42
H 3.25 S 6.57 S 5.34 Q 6.85
M 3.17 Y 6.29 F 4.91 F 5.96
AA 2.68 K 5.69 E 4.39 E 4.51
B 1.52 B 5.24 H 3.75 X 2.36
L 1.44 NN 5.07 R 3.39 H 2.34
Y 1.36 M 5.00 B 3.36 KK 2.24
W 1.08 C 4.45 M 3.16 B 1.89
Overall 1.07 F 4.33 X 2.50 M 1.79
JJ 0.67 V 3.56 J 1.94 R 1.60
EE 0.42 L 3.48 C 1.92 W 1.51
BB 0.00 R 3.36 A 1.85 I 1.49
C 0.00 JJ 2.97 L 1.83 T 1.15
CC 0.00 H 2.81 CC 1.78 LL 0.98
HH 0.00 X 2.71 Q 1.76 GG 0.92
I 0.00 O 2.32 PP 1.67 AA 0.87
KK 0.00 I 2.20 W 1.54 EE 0.76
LL 0.00 J 2.10 P 1.52 Overall 0.69
NN 0.00 GG 2.07 GG 1.49 FF 0.54
O 0.00 DD 1.84 I 1.33 CC 0.44
PP 0.00 AA 1.84 Overall 1.32 MM 0.44
R 0.00 W 1.78 DD 1.26 DD 0.38
S 0.00 KK 1.75 EE 1.17 BB 0.30
T 0.00 CC 1.73 FF 1.17 HH 0.24
X 0.00 Overall 1.72 AA 1.16 Z 0.21
Z 0.00 D 1.69 LL 0.84 JJ 0.12
Q 1.41 T 0.69 C 0.00
T 1.24 Y 0.68 G 0.00
FF 1.07 Z 0.67 K 0.00
HH 1.05 HH 0.63 L 0.00
PP 0.97 KK 0.62 O 0.00
LL 0.94 K 0.57 QQ 0.00
BB 0.91 BB 0.42 Y 0.00
EE 0.87 MM 0.36
Z 0.81 QQ 0.19
E 0.00 JJ 0.16
P 0.00 O 0.00
OO 0.00
Table B.47: Company LTIF results by function (2016)

LTIF Exploration LTIF Drilling LTIF Production LTIF Construction
Code Total Code Total Code Total Code Total
J 4.43 A 8.08 E 2.19 S 1.74
H 1.62 K 1.90 Q 1.76 E 1.50
Y 1.36 B 1.89 B 1.49 I 1.49
B 0.38 D 1.69 C 1.49 F 1.19
W 0.27 L 1.49 V 1.27 H 0.73
Overall 0.22 C 1.48 A 1.23 T 0.52
AA 0.21 F 1.44 F 1.13 B 0.50
BB 0.00 O 1.39 H 0.99 X 0.39
C 0.00 Y 1.26 P 0.76 AA 0.16
CC 0.00 I 1.10 M 0.72 EE 0.13
EE 0.00 J 1.00 I 0.63 GG 0.13
HH 0.00 T 0.79 X 0.63 Overall 0.13
I 0.00 R 0.75 K 0.57 MM 0.11
JJ 0.00 GG 0.69 J 0.52 Z 0.10
KK 0.00 Z 0.68 W 0.46 BB 0.07
L 0.00 BB 0.54 R 0.42 DD 0.06
LL 0.00 Overall 0.54 L 0.41 HH 0.06
M 0.00 JJ 0.48 FF 0.39 LL 0.05
NN 0.00 H 0.47 Overall 0.34 JJ 0.04
O 0.00 CC 0.46 AA 0.33 C 0.00
PP 0.00 DD 0.36 S 0.31 CC 0.00
R 0.00 KK 0.35 DD 0.28 FF 0.00
S 0.00 AA 0.35 CC 0.24 G 0.00
T 0.00 HH 0.23 Z 0.23 K 0.00
X 0.00 W 0.20 BB 0.21 KK 0.00
Z 0.00 EE 0.18 T 0.21 L 0.00
LL 0.17 EE 0.15 M 0.00
FF 0.12 HH 0.08 O 0.00
E 0.00 LL 0.08 Q 0.00
M 0.00 JJ 0.07 QQ 0.00
NN 0.00 MM 0.07 R 0.00
P 0.00 GG 0.00 W 0.00
PP 0.00 KK 0.00 Y 0.00
Q 0.00 O 0.00
S 0.00 OO 0.00
V 0.00 PP 0.00
X 0.00 QQ 0.00
Y 0.00
Appendix B 135
Database Dimensions (Appendix A)

Table B.48: Total work hours reported (1985–2016)
Hours (thousands)
Year
1985 655,650 410,409 245,241
1986 544,053 305,637 238,416
1987 602,480 355,578 246,902
1988 616,448 363,530 252,918
1989 655,945 330,970 324,975
1990 720,652 331,986 388,666
1991 940,538 441,141 499,397
1992 944,143 431,139 513,004
1993 919,176 410,474 508,702
1994 871,973 397,258 474,715
1995 840,811 355,695 485,186
1996 911,540 360,149 551,391
1997 1,161,335 389,442 771,893
1998 1,131,229 385,619 745,610
1999 1,197,460 395,141 802,319
2000 1,633,855 571,915 1,061,940
2001 1,976,646 633,039 1,343,607
2002 2,120,829 636,414 1,484,415
2003 2,247,026 663,894 1,583,132
2004 2,290,453 638,739 1,651,714
2005 2,380,670 639,292 1,741,378
2006 2,936,974 734,425 2,202,549
2007 2,912,801 667,986 2,244,815
2008 3,304,168 712,482 2,591,686
2009 3,585,842 822,240 2,763,602
2010 3,411,144 725,673 2,685,471
2011 3,456,078 753,100 2,702,978
2012 3,691,040 759,600 2,931,440
2013 3,770,546 820,856 2,949,690
2014 4,365,959 945,572 3,420,387
2015 3,719,316 896,862 2,822,454
2016 2,895,621 667,335 2,228,286
Table B.49: Exposure hours by region (2015 and 2016)

Hours (thousands)
Region
2015 2016
Africa 543,205 444,534
Asia/Australasia 924,392 745,095
Europe 342,781 273,849
Middle East 653,049 607,678
North America 864,115 325,869
Russia, Central Asia 249,902 166,135
South & Central America 141,872 332,461
Overall 3,719,316 2,895,621
Table B.50: Exposure hours by function (2015 and 2016)

Hours (thousands)
Region
2015 2016
Exploration 69,865 49,870
Drilling 550,112 417,143
Production 1,320,658 1,034,543
Construction 911,697 680,482
Unspecified 866,984 713,583
Overall 3,719,316 2,895,621
Appendix C 137
Appendix C – Contributing companies
Table C.1 shows the size of the database in thousands of work hours reported for each contributing
company and whether reported data include information on contractor statistics, breakdown by
function, medical treatment cases, restricted work day cases, days lost following lost work day and
restricted work day cases. All company submissions include data on numbers of fatalities and lost
work day cases.
Table C.1: Contributing companies (2016)

Hours Contractor Data by LWDC RWDC
Company RWDCs
(thousands) data function days days
ADNOC 230,877 yes yes yes yes yes
ANADARKO 33,590 yes yes mostly no no
BHP BILLITON 11,397 yes yes yes yes yes
BP 193,892 yes yes yes no no
CAIRN ENERGY 958 yes yes yes yes yes
CCED 5,072 yes no yes no no
CHEVRON 389,361 yes yes mostly mostly mostly
CNOOC 121,854 yes yes yes yes yes
CONOCOPHILLIPS 61,562 yes no yes no no
DEA DEUTSCHE ERDOEL AG 3,083 yes yes yes yes yes
DOLPHIN ENERGY 7,167 yes yes yes yes yes
DONG O&G 2,083 yes yes yes yes yes
ENGIE E&P
8,275 yes yes mostly yes mostly
INTERNATIONAL
ENI 183,440 yes yes yes yes no
EXXONMOBIL 150,538 yes yes yes no no
GALP 253 yes yes yes yes yes
GEOPARK 2,934 yes yes yes yes yes
HESS CORPORATION 21,690 yes yes yes no no
HUSKY 21,675 yes yes yes yes yes
INPEX 82,387 yes yes yes yes yes
KOSMOS 2,313 yes yes yes yes yes
KUWAIT OIL COMPANY 223,128 yes yes yes yes no
MAERSK OIL 21,125 yes yes yes no no
MOL 10,217 yes yes no partly no
OIL SEARCH 7,837 yes yes yes yes yes
OMV 59,686 yes yes yes yes yes
ORIGIN 10,270 yes yes yes yes yes
Hours Contractor Data by LWDC RWDC

Company RWDCs
(thousands) data function days days
PAN AMERICAN ENERGY 24,328 yes yes yes no no
PETROBRAS 224,477 yes yes no yes no
PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN
110,000 yes no yes yes yes
BHD
PLUSPETROL 19,832 yes yes yes yes yes
PREMIER OIL 6,464 yes yes yes mostly mostly
PTTEP 29,609 yes yes yes yes yes
RASGAS 30,383 yes yes yes no no
REPSOL 35,964 yes yes yes mostly no
SASOL 5,397 yes yes yes yes yes
SHELL COMPANIES 257,116 yes yes yes yes yes
STATOIL 91,056 yes yes yes no no
SUNCOR 1,884 yes yes yes yes yes
TOTAL 161,099 yes yes yes yes yes
TULLOW OIL 9,176 yes yes yes no no
WINTERSHALL 8,135 yes yes yes yes yes
WOODSIDE 14,037 yes yes yes yes yes
A data row is a single entry for a company for one country and location (one of company onshore, company offshore, contractor onshore,
contractor offshore), e.g. A company, UK, company offshore.
yes = reported for all data rows
mostly = reported for more than 50% of data rows
partly = reported for less than 50% of data rows
no = not reported at all.
Appendix D 139
Appendix D – Countries represented
The tabulation shows the breakdown of reported hours worked in regions and countries.
Also shown is the number of companies reporting data in each country. The table does not
necessarily show all hours worked in the exploration and production sectors of the oil and
gas industry in each country.
Table D.1: Countries represented (2016)
Region Country No. reporting companies Hours (thousands)

Africa
Algeria 8 25,529
Angola 8 77,087
Chad 1 5,272
Congo 3 42,065
DRC - Democratic
Republic of the Congo 1 471
(Formerly Zaire)
Egypt 6 52,406
Equatorial Guinea 2 3,776
Ethiopia 1 22
Gabon 5 13,367
Ghana 4 8,178
Ivory Coast 3 1,061
Kenya 4 1,214
Liberia 2 148
Libya 12 16,548
Madagascar 2 12
Mauritania 3 1,174
Morocco 4 98
Mozambique 4 7,443
Namibia 2 11
Nigeria 7 170,987
Senegal 3 1,178
South Africa 5 156
Sudan 1 15
Tanzania 2 1,733
Tunisia 4 11,970
Uganda 3 2,613

Asia/Australasia
Australia 17 176,872
Bangladesh 1 6,687
Brunei 2 2,348
China 8 104,087
India 3 3,545
Indonesia 15 171,520
Japan 3 5,970
Malaysia 9 147,758
Myanmar 7 9,822
New Zealand 5 1,527
Pakistan 5 18,255
Papua New Guinea 4 18,381
Philippines 2 2,066
Singapore 5 325
South Korea 5 23,644
Tadjikistan 1 22
Taiwan 1 11
Thailand 6 50,820
Timor Leste 1 5
Vietnam 4 1,430
Europe
Albania 1 427
Austria 1 1,711
Belgium 1 257
Bulgaria 2 588
Croatia 2 3,020
Cyprus 2 122
Denmark 5 10,906
France 5 11,091
Germany 4 9,056
Hungary 2 2,494
Ireland 3 924
Italy 4 12,284
Monaco 2 78
Netherlands 6 16,777
Norway 17 80,536
Poland 2 1,825
Portugal 1 36
Romania 2 41,192
Spain 2 2,085
Sweden 1 120
UK 18 78,320
Appendix D 141

Middle East
Iran 2 55
Iraq 6 25,455
Jordan 1 202
Kurdistan Region of Iraq 2 612
Kuwait 4 233,977
Oman 4 46,579
Palestine 1 5
Qatar 8 63,574
Saudi Arabia 1 68
Turkey 1 37
UAE 11 235,462
Yemen 2 1,652
North America
Canada 13 78,161
Jamaica 1 22
Mexico 4 135
USA 17 247,551

Azerbaijan 6 62,543
Kazakhstan 8 82,477
Russia 11 18,175
Turkmenistan 3 2,805
Ukraine 3 135

Argentina 8 40,107
Aruba 1 2
Bolivia 4 13,144
Brazil 14 234,323
Chile 1 481
Colombia 9 4,609
Ecuador 2 4,742
Falkland Islands 1 330
Guyana 2 1,044
Honduras 1 36
Peru 3 15,801
Surinam 2 112
Trinidad & Tobago 5 11,786
Uruguay 3 449
Venezuela 7 5,495
RUSSIA, CENTRAL ASIA
EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
ASIA/
AUSTRALASIA
MIDDLE EAST
AFRICA
SOUTH &
CENTRAL
AMERICA
Number of participating companies Country represented/Not represented
ASIA/ RUSSIA,
AFRICA EUROPE NORTH AMERICA
AUSTRALASIA CENTRAL ASIA
Algeria Angola Australia Bangladesh Albania Austria Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Canada Jamaica
8 8 17 1 1 1 6 8 13 1
Chad Congo Brunei China Belgium Bulgaria Russia Turkmenistan Mexico USA
1 3 2 8 1 2 11 3 4 17
DRC Egypt India Indonesia Croatia Cyprus Ukraine
1 6 3 15 2 2 3
Equatorial
Ethiopia Japan Malaysia Denmark France
Guinea
2 1 3 9 5 5
Gabon Ghana Myanmar New Zealand Germany Hungary SOUTH & CENTRAL
MIDDLE EAST
5 4 7 5 4 2 AMERICA
Papua
Ivory Coast Kenya Pakistan Ireland Italy Iran Iraq Argentina Aruba
New Guinea
3 4 5 4 3 4 2 6 8 1
Kurdistan
Liberia Libya Philippines Singapore Monaco Netherlands Jordan Bolivia Brazil
Region of Iraq
2 12 2 5 2 6 1 2 4 14
Madagascar Mauritania South Korea Tadjikistan Norway Poland Kuwait Oman Chile Colombia
2 3 5 1 17 2 4 4 1 9
Falkland
Morocco Mozambique Taiwan Thailand Portugal Romania Palestine Qatar Ecuador
Islands
4 4 1 6 1 2 1 8 2 1
Namibia Nigeria Timor Leste Vietnam Spain Sweden Saudi Arabia Turkey Guyana Honduras
2 7 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1
Senegal South Africa UK UAE Yemen Peru Surinam
3 5 18 11 2 3 2
Sudan Tanzania Trinidad Uruguay

& Tobago
1 2 5 3
Tunisia Uganda Venezuela

4 3 7
Figure D1: Number of companies represented by country and region (2016)

Appendix D 143
RUSSIA, CENTRAL ASIA
EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
ASIA/
AUSTRALASIA
MIDDLE EAST
AFRICA
SOUTH &
CENTRAL
AMERICA
Number of reported work hours (thousands) Country represented/Not represented
ASIA/ RUSSIA,
AFRICA EUROPE NORTH AMERICA
AUSTRALASIA CENTRAL ASIA
Algeria Angola Australia Bangladesh Albania Austria Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Canada Jamaica
25,529 77,087 176,872 6,687 427 1,711 62,543 82,477 78,161 22
Chad Congo Brunei China Belgium Bulgaria Russia Turkmenistan Mexico USA
5,272 42,065 2,348 104,087 257 588 18,175 2,805 135 247,551
DRC Egypt India Indonesia Croatia Cyprus Ukraine
471 52,406 3,545 171,520 3,020 122 135
Equatorial
Ethiopia Japan Malaysia Denmark France
Guinea
3,776 22 5,970 147,758 10,906 11,091
Gabon Ghana Myanmar New Zealand Germany Hungary SOUTH & CENTRAL
MIDDLE EAST
13,367 8,178 9,822 1,527 9,056 2,494 AMERICA
Papua
Ivory Coast Kenya Pakistan Ireland Italy Iran Iraq Argentina Aruba
New Guinea
1,061 1,214 18,255 18,381 924 12,284 55 25,455 40,107 2
Kurdistan
Liberia Libya Philippines Singapore Monaco Netherlands Jordan Bolivia Brazil
Region of Iraq
148 16,548 2,066 325 78 16,777 202 612 13,144 234,323
Madagascar Mauritania South Korea Tadjikistan Norway Poland Kuwait Oman Chile Colombia
12 1,174 23,644 22 80,536 1,825 233,977 46,579 481 4,609
Falkland
Morocco Mozambique Taiwan Thailand Portugal Romania Palestine Qatar Ecuador
Islands
98 7,443 11 50,820 36 41,192 5 63,574 4,742 330
Namibia Nigeria Timor Leste Vietnam Spain Sweden Saudi Arabia Turkey Guyana Honduras
11 170,987 5 1,430 2,085 120 68 37 1,044 36
Senegal South Africa UK UAE Yemen Peru Surinam
1,178 156 78,320 235,462 1,652 15,801 112
Sudan Tanzania Trinidad Uruguay

& Tobago
15 1,733 11,786 449
Tunisia Uganda Venezuela

11,970 2,613 5,495
Figure D2: Number of work hours (thousands) reported by country and region (2016)
Appendix E – Glossary of terms
A
Assault and violent act (as an incident/event Confined space (as an incident/event category)
category) Spaces that are considered confined because their
Intentional attempt, threat or act of bodily injury by a configurations hinder the activities of employee who
person or person(s) or by violent harmful actions of must enter, work in, and exit them. Confined spaces
unknown intent, includes intentional acts of damage include, but are not limited to underground vaults,
to property. tanks, storage bins, manholes, pits, silos, process
vessels and pipelines.
Aviation accident (as an incident/event category)
Construction (as a work function)
An occurrence associated with the operation of an
aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft, Major construction, fabrication activities and also
takes place between the time any person boards the disassembly, removal and disposal (decommissioning)
aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as at the end of the facility life. Includes construction
all such persons have disembarked or, in the case of of process plant, yard construction of structures,
an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time offshore installation, hook-up and commissioning, and
the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight removal of redundant process facilities.
until such time as it comes to rest at the end of the
flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, Construction, commissioning,
decommissioning (as a type of activity)
Activities involving the construction, fabrication and
C installation of equipment, facilities or plant, testing
Caught in, under or between (as an incident/ activities to verify design objectives or specification,
event category) and also disassembly, removal and disposal
(decommissioning) at the end of the facility life.
Injury where injured person is crushed or similarly
injured between machinery moving parts or other
objects, caught between rolling tubulars or objects Contractor
being moved, crushed between a ship and a dock, A contractor is defined as an individual or organization
or similar incidents. Also includes vehicle incidents performing work for the reporting company, following
involving a rollover. verbal or written agreement. Subcontractor is
synonymous with contractor.
Causal factors
See IOGP Report 2016su, Safety data reporting users' Contractor employee
guide – 2016 data. Any person employed by a contractor or contractor’s
subcontractor(s) who is directly involved in execution
Company employee of prescribed work under a contract with the reporting
company.
Any person employed by and on the payroll of
the reporting company, including corporate and
management personnel specifically involved in E&P. Cut, puncture, scrape (as an incident/event
Persons employed under short-service contracts are category)
included as company employees provided they are Abrasions, scratches and wounds that penetrate the skin.
paid directly by the company.
Glossary 145
D E
Diving operations Event
The personnel, equipment and management systems An unplanned or uncontrolled outcome of a business
to support a person who dives. A person dives if they operation or activity that has or could have contributed
enter water or any other liquid, or a chamber in which to an injury, illness, physical or environmental damage.
they are subject to pressure greater than 100 millibars
above atmospheric pressure, and in order to survive Exploration (as a work function)
in such an environment breathes air or other gas at a
Geophysical, seismographic and geological
pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Or for
operations, including their administrative and
such a purpose uses a vehicle, capsule or suit where
engineering aspects, construction, maintenance,
a sealed internal atmospheric pressure is maintained
materials supply, and transportation of personnel and
and where the external pressure differential is greater
equipment; excludes drilling.
than 100 millibars.
Diving, subsea, ROV (as a type of activity) Explosion or burn (as an incident/
event category)
Operations involving diving (see definition for diving
operations), subsea equipment or activities and/or Burns or other effects of fires, explosions and
operations involving underwater remotely operated extremes of temperature. Explosion means a rapid
vehicles (ROV). combustion, not an overpressure.
Drilling (as a work function) Exposure: Electrical (as an incident/

event category)
All exploration, appraisal and production drilling and
workover as well as their administrative, engineering, Exposure to electrical shock or electrical burns etc.
construction, materials supply and transportation
aspects. It includes site preparation, rigging up Exposure: Noise, chemical, biological,
and down and restoration of the drilling site upon vibration (as an incident/event category)
work completion. Drilling includes ALL exploration,
Exposure to noise, chemical substances (including
appraisal and production drilling.
asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen not associated
with a confined space), hazardous biological material,
Drilling/workover/well services (as a type vibration or radiation.
of activity)
Activities involving the development, maintenance work
or remedial treatments related to an oil or gas well.
F I
Falls from height (as an incident/ Incident
event category) An unplanned or uncontrolled event or chain of events
A person falls from one level to another. that has resulted in at least one fatality, recordable
injury or illness, or physical or environmental damage.
The number of company/contractor fatalities per
K
100 000 000 (100 million) hours worked.
Key performance indicators (KPI)
Fatal incident rate (FIR) In this report, these include: number of fatalities, fatal
The number of company/contractor fatalities per accident and incident rates, lost time injury frequency
100,000,000 (100 million) hours worked. and total recordable injury rate.
Fatality
L
The number of incidents that result in one or more
fatalities per 100,000,000 (100 million) hours worked. Lifting, crane, rigging, deck operations (as a
type of activity)
First aid case Activities related to the use of mechanical lifting and
Cases that are not sufficiently serious to be reported hoisting equipment, assembling and dis-assembling
as medical treatment or more serious cases but drilling rig equipment and drill pipe handling on the
nevertheless require minor first aid treatment, e.g. rig floor.
dressing on a minor cut, removal of a splinter from a
finger. First aid cases are not recordable incidents. Lost time injury (LTI)
A fatality or lost work day case. The number of LTIs is
the sum of fatalities and lost work day cases.
H
High potential event Lost time injury frequency (LTIF)
Any incident or near miss that could have realistically The number of lost time injuries (fatalities + lost work
resulted in one or more fatalities. day cases) incidents per 1,000,000 hours worked.
Hours worked Lost work day case (LWDC)

The actual hours worked, including overtime hours, Any work related injury other than a fatal injury which
are recorded in the case of onshore operations. results in a person being unfit for work on any day
The hours worked by an individual will generally after the day of occurrence of the occupational injury.
be about 2,000 per year. For offshore workers, the Any day includes rest days, weekend days, leave days,
hours worked are calculated on a 12-hour work day. public holidays or days after ceasing employment.
Consequently, average hours worked per year will vary
from 1,600 to 2,300 hours per person depending upon LWDC severity
the on/off shift ratio. Vacations and leave are excluded.
The average number of lost days per lost work day case.
Hours worked in year (thousands)

Hours are rounded to the nearest thousand.
Glossary 147
M
Maintenance, inspection and testing (as a type Number of fatalities
of activity) The total number of a company’s employees and or
Activities related to preserving, repairing, examining and contractor’s employees who died as a result of an
function testing assets, equipment, plant or facilities. incident. Delayed deaths that occur after the incident
are included if the deaths were a direct result of
Medical cause of death the incident. For example, if a fire killed one person
outright, and a second died three weeks later from
This is the cause of death given on the death lung damage caused by the fire, both are reported.
certificate. Where two types of causes are provided,
such as pulmonary oedema caused by inhalation of hot
gases from a fire, both are recorded.
O
Medical treatment case (MTC) Occupational injury
Cases that are not severe enough to be reported as Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation,
fatalities or lost work day cases or restricted work day or any fatality, which results from a work-related
cases but are more severe than requiring simple first activity or from an exposure involving a single incident
aid treatment. in the work environment, such as deafness from
explosion, one-time chemical exposure, back disorder
from a slip/trip, insect or snake bite.
N
Near miss (as a type of activity)
An unplanned or uncontrolled event or chain of
Activities related to work conducted in offices,
events that has not resulted in recordable injury,
warehouses, workshops, accommodation and catering
illness, physical or environmental damage but had the
facilities.
potential to do so in other circumstances.
Offshore work
Number of days unfit for work
All activities and operations that take place at sea,
The sum total of calendar days (consecutive or
including activities in bays, in major inland seas
otherwise) after the days of the occupational injuries
such as the Caspian Sea, or in other inland seas
on which the employees involved were unfit for work
directly connected to oceans. Incidents including
and did not work.
transportation of people and equipment from shore
to the offshore location, either by vessel or helicopter,
Number of employees should be recorded as offshore.
Average number of full-time and part-time employees
involved in exploration and production, calculated on a Onshore work
full-time basis, during the reporting year.
All activities and operations that take place within
a landmass, including those on swamps, rivers and
lakes. Land-to-land aircraft operations are counted as
onshore, even though flights are over water.
Other (as an incident/event category) Process safety related

Used to specify where an incident cannot be logically Process safety related events are those which do not
classed under any other category. In the case of meet the specific criteria to be classified as Tier 1
incident activities, includes air transport incidents or 2 process safety events but which have learning
potential in the prevention of process safety events.
Note: the work function ‘other’ was replaced by
‘construction’ for the first time in 2006. Production (as a work function)
Petroleum and natural gas producing operations,
Overexertion or strain (as an incident/
including their administrative and engineering
event category) aspects, minor construction, repairs, maintenance
Physical overexertion e.g. muscle strain. and servicing, materials supply, and transportation of
personnel and equipment. It covers all mainstream
production operations including wireline. Gas
P processing activities with the primary intent of
producing gas liquids for sale including:
Pressure release (as an incident/
event category) • work on production wells under pressure
• oil (including condensates) and gas extraction and
Failure of or release of gas, liquid or object from a
separation (primary production)
pressurized system.
• heavy oil production where it is inseparable from
upstream (i.e. stream assisted gravity drainage)
Process safety event production
A process safety event, which can also be referred • primary oil processing (water separation, stabilization)
to as an asset integrity event, is a loss of primary • primary gas processing (dehydration, liquids
containment (LOPC) and is recordable if: separation, sweetening, CO2 removal)
• floating storage units (FSUs) and sub-sea
i. the consequence was a reportable employee storage units
or contractor injury or fatality, a third party • gas processing activities with the primary intent of
hospital admission or fatality, a community or site producing gas liquids for sale
evacuation or a fire/explosion; or • secondary liquid separation (i.e. natural gas
ii. a pressure relief device discharge or material liquids [NGL] extraction using refrigeration
release occurs which exceeded defined thresholds processing)
(even if none of the consequences above occurred) • liquefied natural gas (LNG) and gas to liquids
as specified within IOGP Report 456, Process (GTL) operations
safety – recommended practice on key performance • flow-lines between wells and pipelines between
indicators which provides consequence and facilities associated with field production
threshold definitions consistent with API operations
Recommended Practice No.754 http://www.iogp.org/ • oil and gas loading facilities including land or
bookstore/product/process-safety-recommended- marine vessels (trucks and ships) when connected
practice-on-key-performance-indicators. The to an oil or gas production process
supplement to IOGP Report 456 provides process • pipeline operations (including booster stations)
safety upstream PSE examples http://www.iogp. operated by company E&P business.
org/bookstore/product/upstream-pse-examples-
supplement-to-report-456.
Glossary 149
Production excludes: S
• production drilling or workover Seismic/survey operations (as a type of activity)
• mining processes associated with the extraction of
Activities relating to the determination of sub-surface
heavy oil tar sands
structures for the purpose of locating oil and gas
• heavy oil when separable from upstream operations
deposits including geophysical and seismic data
• secondary heavy oil processing (upgrader)
acquisition.
• refineries.
Slips and trips (at the same height) (as an

Production operations (as a type of activity) incident/event category)
Activities related to the extraction of hydrocarbons Slips, trips and falls caused by falling over or onto
from source such as an oil or gas well or hydrocarbon something at the same height.
bearing geological structure, including primary
processing, storage and transport operations. Struck by (as an incident/event category)
Includes normal, start-up or shut-down operations.
Incidents/events where injury results from being hit by
moving equipment and machinery, or by flying or falling
objects. Also includes vehicle incidents where the
R
vehicle is struck by or struck against another object.
Recordable
A type of event, incident, injury, illness, release or
other outcome which has been determined to meet or T
exceed definitions, criteria or thresholds for inclusion Third party
and classification in reported data.
A person with no business relationship with the
company or contractor.
Restricted work day case (RWDC)
Any work-related injury other than a fatality or lost Total recordable injury rate (TRIR)
work day case which results in a person being unfit
for full performance of the regular job on any day after The number of recordable injuries (fatalities + lost
the occupational injury. Work performed might be: work day cases + restricted work day cases + medical
treatment cases) per 1,000,000 hours worked.
• an assignment to a temporary job
• part-time work at the regular job Transport – Air (as a type of activity)
• working full-time in the regular job but not
performing all the usual duties of the job. Involving aircraft, either fixed wing or helicopters.
Injuries caused by accidents on the ground at airports
Where no meaningful restricted work is being are classified in one of the other categories.
performed, the incident is recorded as a lost work day
case (LWDC).
Transport – Land (as a type of activity)

Involving motorized vehicles designed for transporting
people and goods over land, e.g. cars, buses, trucks.
Pedestrians struck by a vehicle are classified as land
transport incidents. Incidents from a mobile crane
would only be land transport incidents if the crane
were being moved between locations.
Transport – Water, including marine activity

(as a type of activity)
Involving vessels, equipment or boats designed for
transporting people and goods over water (including
inland, marine, ice roads and marsh/swamp) e.g.
supply vessels, crew boats.
U
Unspecified – Other (as a type of activity)
Incidents that cannot be logically classed under other
headings or where the activity is unknown.
Unspecified (as a work function)

Unspecified is used for the entry of data associated
with office personnel whose work hours and
incident data cannot be reasonably assigned to
the administrative support of one of the function
groupings of exploration, drilling, production or
construction. Corporate overhead support function
personnel such as finance or human resources
staff may be examples where work hours cannot
be specifically assigned to a particular function. All
other data that are not separated out by function are
reported as unspecified.
W
Water related/drowning (as an incident/
event category)
Incidents/events in which water played a significant
role including drowning.
Work-related injury
See occupational injury.
www.iogp.org
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reception@iogp.org reception@iogp.org
The IOGP safety performance indicators –

2016 data report summarizes the safety
performance of contributing IOGP member
companies for 2016 based on the analysis
of 2,896 million work hours of data.
Submissions were made by 43 of the 50
operating company IOGP Members and
cover operations in 103 countries.
The key performance indicators (KPI) used
to benchmark safety performance are:
• number of fatalities
• fatal accident and incident rates
• total recordable injury rate, and
• lost time injury frequency.
Against the background of a 22% decrease
in work hours reported, the number of
fatalities has decreased from 54 in 2015 to
50 in 2016. The resulting fatal accident rate
(FAR) of 1.73 is 19% higher than last year.

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REPORT JUNE

Safety performance indicators –

Photography used with permission courtesy of ©psphotograph/

IOGP welcomes feedback on our reports: publications@iogp.org

These Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance

Safety performance indicators –

VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS

1.0 June 2017 First release

Introduction and background 10

1. Summary of 2016 results 12

Appendix A – Database dimensions 106

Appendix B – Data tables 111

Appendix C – Contributing companies 137

Appendix D – Countries represented 139

Appendix E – Glossary of terms 144

ADNOC MAERSK OIL

BHP BILLITON OIL SEARCH

CAIRN ENERGY ORIGIN

CCED PAN AMERICAN ENERGY

CNOOC PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN BHD

DEA DEUTSCHE ERDOEL AG PREMIER OIL

DOLPHIN ENERGY PTTEP

DONG O&G RASGAS

ENGIE E&P INTERNATIONAL REPSOL

EXXONMOBIL SHELL COMPANIES

HESS CORPORATION TOTAL

HUSKY TULLOW OIL

KUWAIT OIL COMPANY

Fatalities Fatal Incidents Fatal accident rate (FAR)

FAR fatalities per 100 million hours worked

Figure 1: Number of fatalities and fatal accident rate (2007–2016)

19 fatalities resulted from 2 separate helicopter crashes.

6 fatalities resulted from 5 separate process safety events.

Insufficient information 21%

Core rules 24%

Insufficient information Core rules

No appropriate rule 21%

Supplementary rules 34% Supplementary rules

Figure 2: Life-Saving Rules applicable to 2016 fatal incidents

Total recordable injury rate Lost time injury frequency

Introduction and background

Scope of reporting and data validation

A self-assessment questionnaire is included within the data submission process

The scope of data included within this report is detailed in Appendix A.

These are available from the IOGP website http://www.iogp.org/bookstore

1. Summary of 2016 results

Safety performance indicators – 2016 data summarizes the safety performance of

Third party fatalities are not included in this report.

Submissions were made by 43 of the 50 operating company IOGP Members.

The data reported cover operations in 103 countries.

Company Contractor Fatal accident rate

FAR (fatalities per 100 million hours worked)

Figure 4: Reported work hours and fatal accident rate (1985–2016)

There were 9 fatalities in 7 separate incidents that were categorised as ‘Explosions

Struck by 20% Aviation accident 38%

Pressure release 2% Struck by

Caught between 12%

Cut 2% Confined space 4%

Figure 5: Percentage of fatalities by incident category (2016)

Six fatalities (12%) were reported in 4 separate incidents in the ‘Construction,

Transport – Air 38% Seismic

Figure 6: Percentage of fatalities by incident activity (2016)

Company Contractor Overall