Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Autumn Semester-2015-16
Tutorial Sheet-2: Mathematics-1 (MAN-001)
(1) By employing
 elementary
  row operations,
 find the inverse of the following matrices:
0 1 2 2 4 5
(a)  1 2 3  (b)  1 2 3 
3 1 1 3 5 6
(2) For each
 matrix, find
 all
 eigenvalues
 andthe corresponding
 linearly independent
 eigenvectors
3 1 1 1 1 0 1 −3 3 7 2 −2
(a)  2 4 2  (b)  0 1 0  (c)  3 −5 3  (d)  −6 −1 2 
1 1 3 0 0 1 6 −6 4 6 2 −1
(3) Verify the following:
(a) If λ is an eigenvalue of a nonsingular matrix An×n , then λ−1 is an eigenvalue of A−1 .
(b) If A and P are square matrices of order n and P is nonsingular, then A and P −1 AP have
the same eigenvalues.
(4) Prove that
(a) all eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real.
(b) eigenvalues of a skew Hermitian matrix are purely imaginary or zero.
(c) eigenvectors corresponding to two distinct eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix are
orthogonal.
(d) eigenvalues of a unitary matrix have unit modulus.
(e) any skew-symmetric matrix of odd order has zero determinant.
(5) Let A and B be square matrices of order n. Show that AB and BA have same eigenvalues.
Hence, prove that I − AB is invertible iff I − BA is invertible.
(6) Prove that every Hermitian matrix can be written as A + iB, where A is real and symmetric,
and B is real and  skew-symmetric. 
0 1 + 2i
(7) Given that A = , show that (I − A)(I + A)−1 is a unitary matrix.
−1 + 2i 0
(8) Find a matrix P such −1
 thatP AP is a diagonal  matrix, where  A is  
4 −2 0 0 2 −1 2 −2 3 2 0 −1
(a)  −2 2 −2  (b)  2 3 −2  (c)  1 1 1  (d)  3 4 0 
0 −2 4 −1 −2 0 1 3 −1 3 2 0
   
−4 1 0 −2 4 3
(9) Find e2A and A50 when (a) A =  0 −3 1  (b) A =  0 4 0 
0 0 −2 0 0 4
 
0 0 0 0
 a 0 0 0 
(10) Let A =   0 b 0 0 . Find the conditions on a, b and c for which the matrix A diagonal-


0 0 c 0
izable?
(11) Using
 Cayley Hamilton
  theorem, find the  inverse of the following
 matrices:
1 3 3 7 6 2 3 −1 1
(a)  1 3 4  (b)  −1 2 4  (c)  −15 6 −5 
1 4 3 3 6 8 5 −2 2
 
1 2 0
(12) Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix A =  −1 1 1  . Hence, find A−1 and A4 .
4 0 1
 
4 α −1
(13) Let A =  2 5 β  . Given that the eigenvalues of the matrix A are 3, 3, δ (where δ 6= 3)
1 1 γ
and A is diagonalizable, find the values of constants α, β, γ, δ.
 (14) Use Gram-Schmidt process to orthonormalise the following linearly independent sets of vectors:
(a) {(1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} of R3 (b) {(1, 0, 1, 1), (−1, 0, −1, 1), (0, −1, 1, 1)} of R4
(15) Find an orthogonal or unitary matrix P such that P T AP is diagonal where A is given by the
following:  
  11 −8 4  
7 3 1 1−i
(a) (b) −8 −1 −2 (c)
 
3 −1 1+i 2
4 −2 −4
ANSWERS
   
1 −1 1 −3 1 2
1
1. (a)  −8 6 −2  (b)  3 −3 −1 
2 5 −3 1 −1 2 0
2. (a) 2, 2, 6, (−1, 0, 1)T , (−1, 1, 0)T , (1, 2, 1)T (b) 1, 1, 1, (1, 0, 1)T , (1, 0, 0)T
(c) −2, −2, 4 (0, 1, 1)T , (1, 0, −1)T , (1, 1, 2)T (d) 1, 1, 3, (1, 0, 3)T , (1, −3, 0)T , (−1, 1, −1)T
       
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 −1 −11 1 1 −2 −1
8. (a) 2 0 −1  (b)  −1 0 −2  (c)  1 −1 1  (d)  −1 3 3 
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 14 1 1 0 1
 
α β − α (α − 2β + γ)/2
9. (a)  0 β γ−β  where α = e−8 , β = e−6 , γ = e−4 for e2A and
0 0 γ
α = 450 , β = 350 , γ = 250 for A50
 
6α 4(β − α) 3(β − α)
1  where α = e−4 , β = e8 for e2A and
(b)  0 6β 0
6 0 0 6β
α = 250 , β = 450 for A50

10. a = b = c = 0
     
7 −3 −3 −0.20 −0.90 0.50 2 0 −1
11. (a)  −1 0 1  (b)  0.50 1.25 −0.75  (c)  5 1 0 
−1 1 0 −0.30 −0.60 0.50 0 1 3
   
1 −2 2 25 8 8
1 
12. 5 1 −1  ,  12 25 4 
11 −4 8 3 16 32 33
13. α = 1, β = −2, γ = 2, δ = 5.
1 1 1
14. (a) { √ (1, 0, 1), √ (1, 2, −1), √ (−1, 1, 1)}
2 6 3
1 1 1
(b) { √ (1, 0, 1, 1), √ (−1, 0, −1, 2), √ (−1, −2, 1, 0)}
3 6 6
√ √
√ √
 
  0√ −5/√105 4/ √21  
1 −1 3 −2/ √ 6 1/ 3√
15. (a) √ (b) 1/√5 −8/√ 105 −2/√ 21 (c)
 
10 3 1 (1 + i)/ 6 (1 + i)/ 3
2/ 5 4/ 105 1/ 21