Homework #07 (Phy 112) Solutions

2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Homework #07 (phy 112)

Due: 11:00pm on Wednesday, February 20, 2019
To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.
A message from your instructor...
Read the hints with this one. Do not confuse A for cross-sectional area with A for amps (the unit for current).
Series Resistors with Different Areas
Four wires are made of the same highly resistive material, cut to the same length, and connected in series.
1. Wire 1 has resistance R1 and cross-sectional area A.

2. Wire 2 has resistance R2 and cross-sectional area 2A.
A voltage V0 is applied across the series, as shown in the figure.
Part A
Find the voltage V2 across wire 2.
Give your answer in terms of V0 , the voltage of the battery.
Hint 1. Resistance of wires
The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its area: R = ρL/A. Just
like water in a pipe, current flows with less resistance through a wider wire. Wire 1 is the thinnest, so it should have
the highest resistance. For convenience, take the resistance R1 to be 12R. In terms of R, what are the resistances
of wires 2, 3, and 4?
Enter your three answers as an ordered triplet, separated by commas.

ANSWER:
R2 , R3 , R4 = , ,
6R 4R 3R
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=7028485 1/15
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Hint 2. Find the current through wire 2
By applying Ohm's law to the circuit, find the current through wire 2. Recall that in a series circuit, the current is
everywhere the same. Use the resistance suggested in Part A.1 (that is, wire 1 is assumed to have resistance 12R)
to find an expression for the current in the circuit.
Express your answer in terms of V0 and R. Do not use V2 .
Hint 1. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit
What is the total equivalent resistance Requiv of the circuit?
Express your answer in terms of R, where again, R1 = 12R .
ANSWER:
Requiv = 25R
ANSWER:
V0
I =
25R
Hint 3. The voltage across wire 2

Since you now know the current through wire 2, you can work out the voltage across it by applying Ohm's law.
ANSWER:
6
V2 = V0
25
Correct
When the problem says to find the equivalent resistance between points A and B, imagine there is a battery connected across
the points A and B to help with identifying series and parallel connections.
Series And Parallel Connections
Learning Goal:
To learn to calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuits combining series and parallel connections.
Resistors are often connected to each other in electric circuits. Finding the equivalent resistance of combinations of resistors is
a common and important task. Equivalent resistance is defined as the single resistance that can replace the given combination
of resistors in such a manner that the currents in the rest of the circuit do not change.
Finding the equivalent resistance is relatively straighforward if the circuit contains only series and parallel connections of
resistors.
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
An example of a series connection is shown in the diagram:
For such a connection, the current is the same for all individual
resistors and the total voltage is the sum of the voltages across the
individual resistors.
V
Using Ohm's law (R = ), one can show that, for a series
I
connection, the equivalent resistance is the sum of the individual
resistances.
Mathematically, these relationships can be written as:
I = I1 = I2 = I3 =. . .
V = V1 + V2 + V3 +. . .
Req−series = R1 + R2 + R3 +. . .
An example of a parallel connection is shown in the diagram:
For
resistors
connected
in parallel
the voltage
is the same
for all
individual
resistors
because
they are all
connected
to the same
two points
(A and B on
the
diagram).
The total
current is the sum of the currents through the individual resistors. This should makes sense as the total current "splits" at points
A and B.
Using Ohm's law, one can show that, for a parallel connection, the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual resistances.
Mathematically, these relationships can be written as:
V = V1 = V2 = V3 =. . .
I = I1 + I2 + I3 +. . .
1 1 1 1
= + + +. . .
Req−parallel R1 R2 R3
NOTE: If you have already studied capacitors and the rules for finding the equivalent capacitance, you should notice that the
rules for the capacitors are similar - but not quite the same as the ones discussed here.
In this problem, you will use the the equivalent resistance formulas to determine Req for various combinations of resistors.
Part A
For the combination of resistors shown, find the equivalent resistance between points A and B.
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Express your answer in Ohms.
ANSWER:
Req = 9 Ω
Correct
These resistors are connected in series; the current through each is the same.
Part B
For the set-up shown, find the equivalent resistance between points A and B.
ANSWER:
Req = 2 Ω
Correct
This is a parallel connection since the voltage across each resistor is the same.
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Part C
Hint 1. How to approach the question

You cannot say that all three resistors are connected either in series or in parallel: this circuit has to be viewed as a
combination of different connections.
Find the equivalent resistance of the "4-Ohm-12 Ohm" combination first.
Hint 2. What kind of connection is this?

The 2-Ohm resistor is connected:
ANSWER:
in series with the 4-Ohm resistor
in series with the 12-Ohm resistor
in series with the combination of the 4-Ohm and the 12-Ohm resistors
in parallel with the 4-Ohm resistor
in parallel with the 12-Ohm resistor
in parallel with the combination of the 4-Ohm and the 12-Ohm resistors
ANSWER:
Req = 5 Ω
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Correct
In this case, you cannot say that all three resistors are connected either in series or in parallel. You have a
combination of a series and a parallel connection.
Some circuits may contain a large number of resistors connected in various ways. To determine the equivalent
resistance of such circuits, you have to take several steps, carefully selecting the "sub-combinations" of resistors
connected in relatively obvious ways. Good record-keeping is essential here.
The next question helps you practice this skill.
Part D
Hint 1. How to approach the question
Find separately the equivalent resistances of the top and the bottom branches of the circuit; then combine them.
Hint 2. Find Req for the "4-6-12" combination
What is the equivalent resistance for the "4 ohm - 6 ohm - 12 Ohm" combination?
Express your answer in ohms.
ANSWER:
Req−4−6−12 = 2 Ω
Hint 3. Find Req for the top branch
What is the equivalent resistance for the top branch of the circuit (between C and D)?
ANSWER:
Req−top = 6 Ω
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Hint 4. Find Req for the bottom branch
What is the equivalent resistance for the bottom branch of the circuit (between E and F)?
ANSWER:
Req−bottom = 6 Ω
ANSWER:
Req = 3 Ω
Correct
The next level of analyzing a circuit is to determine the voltages across and the currents through the various
branches of the circuit. You will practice that skill in the future.
Of course, there are circuits that cannot possibly be represented as combinations of series and parallel
connections. However, there are ways to analyze those, too.
The same hint as for the above problem. There are no labeled points A and B here, but imagine attaching a battery across the
whole network of resistors.
Problem 19.40
Assume that R1 = 42 Ω , R2 = 78 Ω , R3 = 15 Ω , R4 = 78 Ω , R5 = 20 Ω , and R6 = 29 Ω .
Part A
Find the equivalent resistance of the combination shown in .
Express your answer in ohms to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Req = 2.9 Ω
Correct
Part B
ANSWER:
Req = 46 Ω
Correct
Part C
ANSWER:
Req = 79 Ω
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Correct
Part D
ANSWER:
Req = 29 Ω
Correct
Problem 19.46
Assume that E = 60.5 V . The battery has negligible internal resistance.
Part A
Compute the equivalent resistance of the network in .
Express your answer in ohms to three significant figures.
ANSWER:
Req = 5.00 Ω
Correct
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Part B
Find the current in the 3.00 Ω resistor.
Express your answer in amperes to three significant figures.
ANSWER:
I1 = 8.07 A
Correct
Part C

ANSWER:
I2 = 4.03 A
Correct
Part D

ANSWER:
I3 = 3.03 A
Correct
Part E
ANSWER:
I4 = 9.08 A
Correct
Problem 19.36
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
A 500 Ω and a 200 Ω resistor are connected in series with an ideal battery that has an emf of 30 V .
Part A
What current flows through each resistor?
Express your answer in amperes to two significant figures.

ANSWER:
I = 0.043 A
Correct
Part B
What power is delivered to the 500 Ω resistor?
Express your answer in watts to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
P = 0.92 W
Correct
Part C
What power is delivered to the 200 Ω resistor?

ANSWER:
P = 0.37 W
Correct
Part D
What power is supplied by the battery?
ANSWER:
P = 1.3 W
Correct
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
This last one can be done for extra credit. Parts B and C include a switch. When the switch is open (part B) there is no current
through the resistor R7 since charge needs a closed path to follow in the circuit. For Part C when the switch is closed there will
be a current through R7. It will be best if you trace the currents from the battery for each of these parts so you can see where the
current splits and where it doesn't. This will help identifying series and parallel combinations of resistors.
Equivalent Resistance
Consider the network of four resistors shown in the diagram, where R1 = 2.00 Ω , R2 = 5.00 Ω , R3 = 1.00 Ω , and R4 = 7.00
Ω . The resistors are connected to a constant voltage of magnitude V .
Part A
Find the equivalent resistance RA of the resistor network.
Hint 1. How to reduce the network of resistors
The network of resistors shown in the diagram is a combination of series and parallel connections. To determine its
equivalent resistance, it is most convenient to reduce the network in successive stages. First compute the equivalent
resistance of the parallel connection between the resistors R1 and R2 , and imagine replacing the connection with a
resistor with such resistance. The resulting network will consist of three resistors in series. Then find their equivalent
resistance, which will also be the equivalent resistance of the original network.
Hint 2. Find the resistance equivalent to R1 and R2

Find the equivalent resistance R12 of the parallel connection between the resistors R1 and R2 .
Hint 1. Two resistors in parallel
Consider two resistors of resistance Ra and Rb that are connected in parallel. They are equivalent to a
resistor with resistance Req , which satisfies the following relation:
1 1 1
= + .
Req Ra Rb
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
ANSWER:
R12 = 1.43 Ω
Hint 3. Three resistors in series

Consider three resistors of resistance Ra , Rb , and Rc that are connected in series. They are equivalent to a resistor
with resistance Req , which is given by
Req = Ra + Rb + Rc .
ANSWER:
RA = 9.43 Ω
Correct
Part B
Two resistors of resistance R5 = 3.00 Ω and R6 = 3.00 Ω are added to the network, and an additional resistor of resistance
R7 = 3.00 Ω is connected by a switch, as shown in the diagram..
Find the equivalent resistance RB of the new resistor network

when the switch is open.
Hint 1. How to reduce the extended network of resistors

Since the switch is open, no current passes through the resistor R7 , which can be ignored then. As you did in Part A,
reduce the network in successive stages. Note that the new resistor R5 is in series with the resistors R3 and R4 ,
while the new resistor R6 is in series with R1 .
Hint 2. Find the resistance equivalent to R1 , R2 , and R6
Find the resistance R126 equivalent to the resistor connection with R1 , R2 , and R6 .

Find the resistance R16 equivalent to the connection between R1 and R6 .
2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Hint 1. Two resistors in series

Consider two resistors of resistance Ra , and Rb that are connected in series. They are equivalent to a
resistor with resistance Req , which is given by
Req = Ra + Rb .
ANSWER:
R16 = 5.00 Ω
1 1 1
= + .
Req Ra Rb
ANSWER:
R126 = 2.50 Ω
Hint 3. Four resistors in series

Consider four resistors of resistance Ra , Rb , Rc , and Rd that are connected in series. They are equivalent to a
Req = Ra + Rb + Rc + Rd .
ANSWER:
RB = 13.5 Ω
Correct
Part C
Find the equivalent resistance RC of the resistor network described in Part B when the switch is closed.
Hint 1. How to reduce the network of resistors when the switch is closed
When the switch is closed, current passes through the resistor R7 ; therefore the resistor must be included in the
calculation of the equivalent resistance. Also when the switch is closed, the resistor R4 is no longer connected in
series with the resistors R3 and R5 , as was the case when the switch was open. Instead, now R4 is in parallel with
R7 and their equivalent resistor will be in series with R3 and R5 .

2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)
Find the equivalent resistance R47 of the parallel connection between the resistors R4 and R7 .

1 1 1
= + .
Req Ra Rb
ANSWER:
R47 = 2.10 Ω
Hint 3. Four resistors in series

Consider four resistors of resistance Ra , Rb , Rc , and Rd that are connected in series. They are equivalent to a
Req = Ra + Rb + Rc + Rd .
ANSWER:
RC = 8.60 Ω
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 127%.
You received 44 out of a possible total of 44 points, plus 12 points of extra credit.

Homework #07 (Phy 112) Solutions

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2/16/2019 Homework #07 (phy 112)

Homework #07 (phy 112)

A message from your instructor...

Series Resistors with Different Areas

1. Wire 1 has resistance R1 and cross-sectional area A.

Give your answer in terms of V0 , the voltage of the battery.

Hint 1. Resistance of wires

Enter your three answers as an ordered triplet, separated by commas.

Express your answer in terms of V0 and R. Do not use V2 .

Hint 1. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit

What is the total equivalent resistance Requiv of the circuit?

Express your answer in terms of R, where again, R1 = 12R .

Hint 3. The voltage across wire 2

A message from your instructor...

Series And Parallel Connections

An example of a series connection is shown in the diagram:

Mathematically, these relationships can be written as:

An example of a parallel connection is shown in the diagram:

Mathematically, these relationships can be written as:

Express your answer in Ohms.

Hint 1. How to approach the question

Find the equivalent resistance of the "4-Ohm-12 Ohm" combination first.

Hint 2. What kind of connection is this?

in series with the 4-Ohm resistor

in series with the 12-Ohm resistor

in parallel with the 4-Ohm resistor

in parallel with the 12-Ohm resistor

The next question helps you practice this skill.

Express your answer in Ohms.

Hint 1. How to approach the question

Hint 2. Find Req for the "4-6-12" combination

Hint 3. Find Req for the top branch

Hint 4. Find Req for the bottom branch

A message from your instructor...

Assume that R1 = 42 Ω , R2 = 78 Ω , R3 = 15 Ω , R4 = 78 Ω , R5 = 20 Ω , and R6 = 29 Ω .

Express your answer in ohms to two significant figures.

Express your answer in ohms to two significant figures.

Express your answer in ohms to two significant figures.

Express your answer in ohms to two significant figures.

Assume that E = 60.5 V . The battery has negligible internal resistance.

Express your answer in ohms to three significant figures.

Express your answer in amperes to three significant figures.

Express your answer in amperes to three significant figures.

Express your answer in amperes to three significant figures.

Express your answer in amperes to two significant figures.

Express your answer in watts to two significant figures.

Express your answer in watts to two significant figures.

A message from your instructor...

Hint 1. How to reduce the network of resistors

Hint 2. Find the resistance equivalent to R1 and R2

Hint 1. Two resistors in parallel

Hint 3. Three resistors in series

Find the equivalent resistance RB of the new resistor network

Hint 1. How to reduce the extended network of resistors

Hint 2. Find the resistance equivalent to R1 , R2 , and R6

Hint 1. Find the resistance equivalent to R1 and R6

Hint 1. Two resistors in series

Hint 2. Two resistors in parallel

Hint 3. Four resistors in series

Hint 2. Find the resistance equivalent to R4 and R7

Hint 1. Two resistors in parallel

Hint 3. Four resistors in series

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