Gender Classification using fingerprint based on

NNM
Mulla Aashiya I.1#, Shinde Manorama R.2#
Department of computer science & Engineering
Sou.Sushila Danchand Ghodawat Charitable Trust’s Sanjay Ghodawat Group Of Institutions,
Atigre, Maharashtra, India
mulla.ry@sginstitute.in melinamath.bc@sginstitute.in

to other methods easily. To improve the performance

Abstract— in the world of Science & technology, gender
classification is very important. Such a gender
classification helps to examine the data in easy way and
help to sort out the data. Finger print based gender
classification is used in civilian, industrial, commercial,
and unique Id of nation as AADHAR card. Uniqueness
of finger print pattern helps to minimize the large data
while gender classification. It uses simple biometric
scanner technology with affordable prices.
Keywords- RTVTR: ridge thickness to valley
thickness ratio, MM: minutiae map.
I. INTRODUCTION
A fingerprint is epidermis of finger consist of the
pattern of interleaved ridges and valleys. The
endpoints and bifurcation points of ridges are called
minutiae. Fingerprint minutiae patterns of ridges are
determined as unique through the combination of
genetic and environment factors. This is the reason;
the fingerprint minutiae patterns of the identical
twins are different. Also the ridge pattern of each
fingertip remains unchanged from birth to till death.
of fingerprint gender classification more, the
biometric features like the ridge count, ridge
thickness to valley thickness ratio (RTVTR), white
lines count, ridge count asymmetry, minutiae
map(MM) orientation co linearity maps(OCM),
Gabor Feature maps(GFM) and orientation map
(OM) for pattern type, 2D wavelet transform (DWT),
Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) features are
extracted.
We used this application in different types of
domains such as E-commerce, E-Governance and
Forensic applications. While the purpose of our
project is to minimize the data set of suspect’s and
also improve the performance and also reduce time.
Following fig 1 shows the complete system
architecture, where each module of the system works
sequentially. Each module of the system is
communicating with each other and also with the
database.

The proposed approach takes less time and

feature vectors which we get is of fixed length which
make the calculations easier and can also be mapped

Fig 1: Complete System Architecture.
Following are the important modules of the system:
A. Finger Print Image Enhancement: To enhance the
finger print images precisely, the research focuses to
develop various pre-processing algorithms like -
Segmentation, Normalization, Orientation estimation,
Ridge frequency estimation, Gabor filter and
Binarisation and Thinning etc.
B.Feature Extraction: Implementing the biometric
features extraction algorithms from enhanced finger
print image like - the ridge count, ridge thickness to
valley thickness ratio (RTVTR), white lines count,
ridge count asymmetry, minutiae map(MM),
orientation map (OM) for pattern type, 2D wavelet
transform (DWT).
C.Gender Classification of finger Extracted feature
reading: The classification is performed with the
application of Neural Network (NN) technology. The
research work is aimed in developing the algorithms
for accurate classification of the gender through
fingerprint obtained.
Following data flow diagram shows the actual flow
of the processing done by the system.
Start
Module 1: User registrations and
Fingerprints are acquired real time
Module 2: Preprocessing stages for
Image enhancement
Module 3: Feature Extraction to form
combined vector database
Module 4: Unsupervised learning
using Neural Network Training mode
applied to topples of combined
vectors database
Perception model of fingerprint
gender classification
Stop
Fig 2: System Work Flow Diagram
II. SYSTEM MODULES
o Module 1:- Registration
The work aims in creating a system that is
used to classify gender from an obtained fingerprint.
The thumb fingerprints are acquired real time from
different age group peoples and from various
locations of country, by using optical finger print
scanner to from the large database sources as possible
as shown in fig 3.
Registration
Fig 3: Registration
Registration Window/GUI a fingerprint image. The background corresponds to
the regions outside the borders of the fingerprint and
which do not contain any valid fingerprint
information.

𝑤−1 𝑤−1
1
𝑉(𝑘) = ∑ ∑(𝐼(𝑖, 𝑗) − 𝑀(𝑘))2 … … 𝑒𝑞(𝐼)
𝑊2
𝑖=0 𝑗=0

In eq(I) the V(k) is the variance for the

block I(k,,j) is the gray level value pixel (I,j) and
M(k) is the mean gray level value for the block .

A.Normalization:
o Module 2:- Pre-processing
The objective of this stage is to decrease the
The obtained fingerprint from database goes
dynamic range of the gray scale between ridges and
through various pre-processing stages for
valleys of the image in order to facilitate the
enhancement and removing the noise as shown in fig
processing of the following stages.
4. The research focuses to develop various pre-
processing algorithms like - Segmentation, As shown in eq(II) Let I(i,j) is the gray
Normalization, Orientation estimation, Ridge level value of pixel (i,j) in captured image, image size
frequency estimation, Binarisation and Thinning etc. is m x n, M and V are the mean and variance,
respectively, and N(i,j) denote the normalized gray
level value at (i,j)pixel

𝑉0 (𝐼(𝑖, 𝑗) − 𝑀)2
𝑀0 + √ 𝑖𝑓 𝐼(𝑖, 𝑗) > 𝑀,
𝑉
𝑁(𝑖, 𝑗) = … … eq(II)
𝑉0 (𝐼(𝑖, 𝑗) − 𝑀)2
𝑀0 − √ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒,
{ 𝑉

Where Mo and Vo are the expected mean

and variance values. Normalization is a pixel-wise
operation.
Fig 4: Pre-processing

Following are some mathematical equations

for each pre-processing algorithm:

B. Segmentation:

Segmentation is the process of separating

the foreground regions in the image from the
background regions. The foreground region contains
the ridges and valleys which is the area of interest in
 wavelet transform (DWT),features are extracted. The
classification is performed using Neural Network
(NN) technology. The research work is aimed in
developing the algorithms for classifying the gender
through fingerprint obtained.

o Module 4:- Neural Network Training

Then all the combined vectors within the
database will then be allowed to pass for
unsupervised training mode. It uses clustering with
neural network technique within the combined vector
database. It generates the clusters with unsupervised
Above result shows flow as learning attempts of neural network model. The
Original image->Segmentation->orientation neural network model uses similarity measures or
image->Binarization->Minutae Image
minimum distance for the entire combined vectors
o Module 3:- Feature Extraction
After the pre-processing of fingerprints it database. This clustering will create the two classes,

goes through four steps of feature extraction, one is one male and another female with the calculation of

frequency domain feature vector obtaining by threshold values using any one of the technique

undergoing image through four levels of 2D Discrete average. The clustering scheme is illustrated in

Wavelet Transform decomposition, ridge count, below.

RTVTR and various map readings. The next step is

to combine these four feature vectors together in to a
single combined vector, which will be stored in
database for classification as shown in fig 5.

Fig 6: Neural Network Training

Naive Bayes is an approach to build

classifiers, Under classification, a vector can be
written as shown in eq(III).

Fig 5: Feature Extraction

X=(x1,….,xn) ……….eq(III)

To improve the performance of

n features, with each of K possible outcomes or
fingerprint gender classification more, the biometric
classes Ck as shown in eq(IV).
features like the ridge count, ridge thickness to valley
thickness ratio (RTVTR), white lines count, ridge
. Using Bayes' theorem, the conditional
count asymmetry, minutiae map(MM) orientation co
probability can be decomposed as shown in eq(V).
linearity maps(OCM), Gabor Feature maps(GFM)
and orientation map (OM) for pattern type, 2D
 𝑝(𝐶𝑘)𝑝(𝑥 |𝐶𝑘) REFERENCES
𝑝(𝐶𝑘) | 𝑥 = … … 𝑒𝑞(𝐼𝑉)
𝑝(𝑥)

III. CONCLUSION [1] IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY 1540-7993/03 © 2003 IEEE

“Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns”, IEEE
As the fingerprints are unique for SECURITY AND PRIVACY SALIL PRABHAKAR Digital
Persona, SHARATH PANKANTI IBM T.J. Watson Research
individuals in the universe, it gives a unique Center, ANIL K. JAIN Michigan State University.
identification and there is no doubt that fingerprint
[2] Pallavi Chand and Shubhendu Kumar Sarangi, “A Novel
evidence is most acceptable and reliable evidence. method for Gender classification using 2D Discrete Wavelet
Transform and Singular Value Decomposition Techniques” et al
Most of the traditional methods used in identification (2013).

of gender gave the satisfactory results but an efficient

attempt is needed to give effective results with higher
accuracy. Clarity of Image, Frequency domain
analysis, singular value deco-position techniques etc.
will play a very important role to in-crease the
[3] S. S. Gornale, Geetha C. D. and Kruthi R, “Analysis of Finger
Print Image for Gender Classification Using Spatial and Frequency
Domain Analysis” et al (2013).
[4] Rijo Jackson Tom and T. Arulkumaran, “Fingerprint Based
Gender Classification Using 2D Discrete Wavelet Transforms and
Principal Component Analysis” et al, (2013).

efficiency and still there is a scope to work on this to [5] S. Sudha Ponnarasi and M. Rajaram, “Gender Classification
System Derived from Fingerprint Minutiae Extraction” et al
improve the results. (2012).

[6] Ritu Kaur “Fingerprint based gender identification using

frequency domain analysis” et al, (2012).
Acknowledgment [7] Dr. Prateek Rastogi, Ms. Keerthi R Pillai “A study of
fingerprints in relation to gender and blood group” et al, (2011).
We students of Computer Science &
[8] Ramanjit Kaur, Rakesh K. Garg “Determination Of Gender
Engineering express our sincere thanks to Prof. Ms. Differences From Fingerprint Ridge Density In Two Northern
Indian Populations” et al, (2011).
R.Y.Mulla (Project Guide) and Prof Dr. [9] JenFeng Wang, et al, “Gender Determination using Fingertip
Features” et al, (2008).
B.C.Melinamath (H.O.D, CSE) whose supervision,
inspiration and valuable guidance, helped us lot to [10]A. Badawi, M. Mahfouz, R. Tadross, and R. Jantz “Fingerprint
- based gender classification” et al, (June, 2006).
complete our project work based on problem
statement identified in literature survey. We
implemented an idea generated previously at our
student system level.