4G CELLULAR NETWORK
By Fatha Mohamed Qureshi & Ashutose P
Vth Semester, Instrumentation Technology,
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,
Mysore 570006
1. INTRODUCTION
The term 4G is used not only in cellular
telephone systems but in several types of
broadband wireless access communication
systems. The terms used to describe 4G are
MAGIC Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere,
Global mobility support, Integrated wireless
solution, and Customized personal service.
The 4G systems not only will support the
next generation of mobile service, but also will
support the fixed wireless networks. This paper
presents an overall vision of the 4G features,
framework, and integration of mobile
communication. The continuous expansion of
mobile communication and wireless networks
shows evidence of exceptional growth in the
areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network
access, mobile services, and applications.
The 4G infrastructure operator will mix
several technologies, each of which has its
optimal usage. The connection to one of them
will result in a real-time trade-off which will offer
the user the best possible service.
2. VISION OF 4G
The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set
of various networks using IP (Internet protocol)
as a common protocol. This will enable the user
to choose every application and environment.
Based on the developing trends of mobile
communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth,
higher data rate, and smoother and quicker
handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless
service across a multitude of wireless systems
and networks. The key concept is integrating the
4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile
technologies through advanced technologies.
Application adaptability and being highly dynamic
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are the main features of 4G services of interest to
users.
Figure 1 illustrates elements and
techniques to support the adaptability of the 4G
domain. The fourth generation will encompass all
systems from various networks, public to private,
operator-driven broadband networks to personal
areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems will
interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as
with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In
addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based
wireless Internet. This all encompassing
integrated perspective shows the broad range of
systems that the fourth generation intends to
integrate, from satellite broadband to high
altitude platform to cellular 3G and 3G systems to
WLL (wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed
wireless access) to WLAN (wireless local area
network) and PAN (personal area network),all
with IP as the integrating mechanism. With 4G, a
range of new services and models will be
available. These services and models need to be
further examined for their interface with the
design of 4G systems.
3. KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES:
3.1 OFDMA:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) not only provides clear advantages for
physical layer performance, but also a framework
for improving layer 2 performance by proposing
an additional degree of free- dom. Using ODFM,
it is possible to exploit the time domain, the
space domain, the frequency domain and even
the code domain to optimize radio channel
usage.
OFDM also provides a frequency diversity
gain, improving the physical layer performance. It

is also compatible with other enhancement
Technologies, such as smart antennas and
MIMO.
3.2 Handover and mobility:
Handover technologies based on
mobile IP technology have been considered for
data and voice. Mobile IP techniques are slow
but can be accelerated with classical methods
(hierarchical, fast mobile IP). These methods are
applicable to data and probably also voice.
3.3 Multiple-input multiple-output:
MIMO uses signal multiplexing between
multiple transmitting antennas (space multiplex)
and time or frequency. It is well suited to OFDM,
as it is possible to process independent time
symbols as soon as the OFDM waveform is
correctly designed for the channel. This aspect of
OFDM greatly simplifies processing. The signal
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transmitted by m antennas is received by n
antennas.
3.4 Software defined radio:
Software Defined Radio (SDR) benefits from
today’s high processing power to develop multi-
band, multi-standard base stations and terminals.
SDR makes this reconfiguration easy. In the
context of 4G systems, SDR will become an
enabler for the aggregation of multi-standard
pico/micro cells.
.
3.5 Multimedia service delivery, service
adaptation and robust transmission:
Audio and video coding are scalable. For
instance, a video flow can be split into three flows
which can be transported independently It is
possible to gain about 10 dB in transmission with
a reasonable increase in complexity. Using the
described technologies, multimedia transmission
can provide a good quality user experience.
 Fig 2: 4G Communication

Figure 2 shows an example that how 4G is 5. Disadvantages

used for various communications
Unfortunately, to use 4G, all cellular hardware
4. Comparison between 3G & 4G will need to be upgraded or replaced. Consumers
will be required to purchase new phones, and
providers will need to install new equipment in
3G 4G towers. Essentially, the communication system
will need to be rebuilt from the ground up,
More complexity. Less Complexity.
It is Combination of It is based on packet running off of data packets instead of voice
circuit switch and switching only information. The technological disadvantage is
switched network not really a disadvantage, but more of an
Leading U.S. Carrier Future Technology obstacle to overcome.

3G EVDO network International Carrier is

currently averages testing 4G 6. Benefits
400 to 700 Kbps with communication at 6.1 Benefits for Operators:
 Higher bandwidths.
peak rates up to 2 100Mbps while moving,
 Lower cost of networks and equipment.
Mbps and 1 Gbps while  The use of licence-exempt spectrum.
stationary  Higher capacity and QoS enhancement.
 Higher revenue.

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 6.2. Benefits for Users: wireless networks will need to support diverse IP
 Access to broadband multimedia multimedia applications to allow sharing of
services with lower Cost. resources among multiple users. Over the next
 Inter-network roaming. few years, any slowdown in 3G deployment will
not slow 4G implementation, since 3G is not a
6.3 Benefits for Manufacturers: stop but a passenger for the 4G-technology train.
 Single platform for all markets.
 Increased flexible and efficient
production. 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1]. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G - Free

7. CONCLUSION
As the history of communications shows,
4G have been made to reduce a number of
technologies to a single global standard. The use
of 4G includes transfer of megabit/s data to
thousands of radio and mobile terminals per
square kilometers. 4G systems provide a
standard that can be embraced worldwide
through its key concept of integration. Future
Encyclopedia website.
[2]. www.4g.co.uk – 4G resource website.
[3]. www.uscwc.com/4GReport - Technical
analysis website.
[4]. Al-Muhtadi, J., D. Mickunas, and R.
Campbell. “A lightweight reconfigurable
security mechanism for 3G/4G mobile
devices.” IEEEE Wireless Communications
9.2 (2002): 60–65.

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