ANALYTIC

GEOMETRY 1

ENGR. REYNILAN LOPEZ DIMAL

 Analytic Geometry
• Also known as coordinate
geometry, or Cartesian geometry.

• Analytic Geometry deals with

geometric problems using
coordinates system thereby
converting it into algebraic
problems.
 René Descartes

▪ René Descartes
is regarded as the
founder of Analytic
Geometry by
introducing
coordinates system
(Rectangular
Coordinate
System) in 1637.
Cartesian Coordinate System
y x – coordinate, always
2nd Quadrant 1st Quadrant measured from the y -
4
abscissa axis
P (5,3)
3 y – coordinate,
2 ordinate always
1 measured from
O x the x - axis
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
-2 origin, coordinates
-3 (0,0)
-4
3rd Quadrant 4th Quadrant
 Point
• Point has position only.

• It has no length, width or thickness.

B C
A

• A point is designated by a capital letter next to the dot.

Distance between two points

d = (x 2 − x1 )2 + (y 2 − y1 )2
where :
d = dis tance
( x1,y1 ) = coordinate of P1
( x 2,y 2 ) = coordinate of P2
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1) The distance between (5, -2) and
(x, -6) is 5. Find x.

A. 1 or 7 C. 5 or 9

B. 3 or 5 D. 2 or 8
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. If (x,4) is equidistant from (5,-2)
and (3,4), find x.

A. 9 C. 13

B. 15 D. 11
Distance – two points in space
z
(x 2 ,y 2 ,z2 )

d
(x 1 ,y 1 ,z1 )
x

y
d = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y 1 )2 + (z2 − z1 )2
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. The distance between the points
P1(x,4,1) and P2(-3,5,-4) is 3 sq. root
of 3. Find the value of x.

A. -1 and -3 C. -2 and -4

B. -1 and -4 D. -2 and -3
Line
• A line has length.

• Has no width or thickness.

B
a
A

• A line is designated by the capital letters of any two of its

points or by a small letter.
Slope and inclination
• The slope of a line is defined as the rise (vertical) per run
(horizontal).

rise y
(x 2 , y 2 ) slope = m = =
run x

y2 − y 1 y2 − y 1
m= tan =
(x1, y1 ) x2 − x 1 x2 − x 1
θ
Slope

What line? Slope

A line parallel to the x – 0
axis
A line parallel to the y – 
axis
Parallel lines m1 = m2

1
Perpendicular lines m1 = −
m2
Inclination

Inclination (θ) Slope

Between 0° and 90° Positive

Between 90° and 180° Negative

Equal to 0° 0

Equal to 90° 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. Let m1 and m2 be the respective
slopes of two perpendicular lines.
Then

A. m1 + m2 = -1 C. m1 = m2

B. m1 x m2 = -1 D. m1 x m2 = 0
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. Find the inclination of the line
passing through (4,1) and (-3,-3).

A. 29.74° C. 31.17°

B. 28.56° D. 30.83°
Equation of lines

General equation y

Ax + By + C = 0

A O
m=− x
B
Equation of lines

y
Point – slope form

y − y 1 = m(x − x 1 ) (x 1 ,y 1 )
b
y - intercept
O
Slope – intercept form x

y = mx + b
Equation of lines
Intercept form y
x y
+ =1
a b (x 1 ,y 1 )
b (x 2 ,y 2 )
y - intercept
Two - point form O
x
y2 − y1 a
y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) x - intercept
x2 − x 1
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. Find the equation of a
straight line with a slope 3 and a
y-intercept of 1.

A. 3x-y+1=0 C. 3x-y-1=0

B. 3x+y+1=0 D. 3x+y-1=0
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. Find the equation of the line that
passes through (-5,-6) and (4,3).

A. x+y+1=0
B. x–y–1=0
C. x+y–1=0
D. x–y+1=0
Equation – perpendicular lines

Ax + By + C1 = 0
Bx − Ay + C2 = 0
Equation – parallel lines

Ax + By + C2 = 0

Ax + By + C1 = 0
Line segment - midpoint

(x 1 ,y 1 )
r

x 1 + x2
x=
r P (x,y) 2

y 1 + y2
y=
2
(x 1 ,y 1 )
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
8. Determine B such that 3x + 2y – 7
= 0 is perpendicular to 2x – By + 2 =
0

A. 5 C. 4

B. 3 D. 2
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
9. Find the equation of the line
through (0,4) which is
perpendicular to line x – 3y = 0.

A. 3x + y – 4 = 0
B. 3x – y + 4 = 0
C. 3x + y + 4 = 0
D. 3x – y – 4 = 0
Line segment - division
P2 (x2 ,y 2 )
r2

P1P
k=
r1 P (x,y) P1P2

x = x 1 + k(x 2 − x 1 )

y = y 1 + k(y 2 − y 1 )
P1 (x 1 ,y 1 )
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
10. The segment from (-1,4) to (2,-2)
is extended three times its own
length. Find the terminal point.

A. (11,-24) C. (-11,-20)

B. (11,-18) D. (11,-20)
Plane area by coordinates
( x1 ,y1 )

( x2 ,y2 ) ( x ,y )
3 3

1  x1 x 2 x 3 x n x1 
A=  .... 
2  y1 y 2 y 3 y n y1 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
11. Given 3 vertices of a triangle
whose coordinates are A(1,1), B(3,-3)
and (5,-3). Find the area of the
triangle.

A. 3 C. 4

B. 5 D. 6
Distance from a point to a line

Ax1 + By1 + C
d=
 A +B 2 2

➢ If B is positive and point is above the line = +

➢ If B is negative and point is above the line = –
➢ If B is positive and point is below the line = –
➢ If B is negative and point is below the line = +
Distance between two parallel
lines
➢ Let:
➢ L1 = Ax + By + C1 = 0
➢ L2 = Ax + By + C2 = 0

C2 − C1
d=
A +B
2 2
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
12. What is the distance between
line x + 2y + 8 = 0 and the point (5,-
2)?

A. 4.20 C. 4.02

B. 4.44 D. 4.22
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
13. Find the distance between the
lines, 3x + y – 12 = 0 and 3x + y – 4 =
0.

A. 5.06 C. 3.79

B. 1.26 D. 2.53
Angle formed by the intersection of
two lines

m2 − m1
Tan =
1 + m1m2
➢ Where:
➢ Ø – angle in the counter clockwise
direction
➢ m1 and m2 – slope of L1 and L2
respectively
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
14. Determine the acute angle
between the lines y – 3x = 2 and y –
4x = 9.

A. 4.39 deg C. 3.75 deg

B. 5.35 deg D. 2.53 deg

End of
ANALYTIC
GEOMETRY 1
ENGR. REYNILAN LOPEZ DIMAL