1

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION

1) HVDC transmission is to EHVAC because [ ]

a) HVDC terminal equipment is inexpensive
b) VAR compensation is not required in HVDC system
c) System stability can be improved
d) Harmonic problem is avoided
2) Bulk power transmission over long HVDC lines are preferred an
Account of [ ]
a) low cost of HVDC terminals
b) No harmonic problem
c) Minimum line power losses
d) Simple protection
3) A bipolar 2- terminal HVDC transmission system has [ ]
a) 2-poles, 1- positive, 1-negative
b) 2-poles, both positive
c) 2-poles, both negative
d) 2-poles, either positive or both negative.
4) Which of the following is a disadvantage [ ]
a) Synchronous operation is not required
b) tie-line power is easily controlled
c) Converters have little over load capacity
d) No charging current
5) Homopolar system has [ ]
a) 2-poles, 1- positive, 1-negative
b) 2-poles, both negative
c) 2-poles, same polarity
d) all
6) The range of switching surges occurring on EHV lines is ____ times of rated
voltage
a) 1.5 b) 1.2 c) 1.8 d) 1.7 [ ]

7) The……effect tend to be less significant for DC conductors than for AC [ ]

a) proximity b) Ferranti c) skin d) corona

8) The resistance of a conductor is some what higher than its dc resistance because of

[ ]
a) Charging current b) Ferranti effect c) skin effect d) proximity effect

9) The voltage profile in a AC line is relatively_____ for fixed level of power transfer
corresponding to SIL [ ]
a) Gradually increased b) decreased c) flat d) suddenly

10) The____ charging currents in AC lines pose serious problems in cables [ ]

a) Steady state b) transient c) capacitive d) inductive
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11) In 6 pulse (or) 12 pulse converters in series supplied from two different
transformers with voltages differing in phase by_________________.
a)30 deg b)60 deg c)120 deg d)180 deg

12) The cost per unit length of a dc line is__________ that of an AC line
a)more b)less c)equal d)none
.
13) What is the range of forward voltage drop in a mercury-arc valve, pertaining to
higher values _________________

14) Non-characteristics harmonics in AC currents of even order h

=_________________

a)np+1 b)np c)0 d)none

15) In thermal station, HVDC torsion oscillations are higher negative damping
________

16) What is the expression for investment cost _____________

17) The first power system was operating with ____________dc voltage

18) What is the expression for cost of the losses ___________

19) The maximum power transfer is limited by the considerations of _______stability

20) The ‘Break even’ distances vary in DC, OH lines in kms ___________

UNIT-II CONVERTER AND HVDC SYSTEM CONTROL

1) In individual phase control,3-phase alternating voltage is supplied to ___ [ ]

a) DC link b) valve firing control unit c) AC bus bar d) smoothing reactor.

2) The difference between the current command of the rectifier and that of the inverter
is called _____ [ ]
a) Current margin b) extinction angle c) delay angle d) voltage margin

3) For the graetz circuit, power source consisting of balanced sinusoidal emf’s [ ]
a) Variable voltage & constant frequency b) constant frequency & constant
voltage
c) Variable voltage & variable frequency d) constant voltage & variable
frequency

4) The highest transmission voltage in India is [ ]

A) 765KV b) 400KV c) 220KV d) 132KV

5) For 3 , r.m.s line to neutral secondary voltage bridge rectified value [ ]

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a) 0.378 Vdc b) 0.4 Vdc c) 0.428 Vdc d) 0.568 Vdc

6) The current rating of the value is given by [ ]

I dc I dc 2
a) I q  b) I q  c) Iq  d)
q r 3 r q
I dc
Iq 
r q

7) The value of transformer secondary current [ ]

4 3 2
a) I r  I dc b) I r  I dc c) I r  I dc
3 2 3
1
d) I r  I dc
3

8) In individual phase control, the control function for initiating the control pulse is
derived from_____ [ ]
a) Commutation voltage b) forward voltage c) reverse voltage d) b&c.

9) What are the assumptions made to solve a graetz circuit [ ]

a) Constant ripple free current
b) Valves have no forward resistance
c) Ignition of valves at equal intervals of one-sixth cycle (60o)
d) All

10) Which of the following distribution systems is most economical [ ]

a)DC system b)1- AC system c)3- ,3-wire system d)3-,4-wir e system

11) In case of an HVDC system, there is no ________________effect.

12) The value of current margin is ___ % of rated current

13) What is the relation between β, μ and  _________

14) What is the angle (α) for inversion __________

15) The end of over lap angle is called ____________

16) Which equipment is necessary for converter operation and for smoothing the
Dc current_________ \

17) β is the symbol for angle of______________

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18) In dc system skin effect is absent and______ are less than that in ac system.

19) The volt-ampere rating of the valve is taken as the product of its
____________________
20) In graetz circuit, the average direct voltage ( Vd 0 ) =___________

UNIT-III HARMONICS, FILTERS AND REACTIVE POWER CONTROL

1) The size of the filter is defined as [

]
a) The reactive power that the filter supplies
b) The active power that the filter supplies
c) a & b d) none

2) The number of non-simultaneous commutations per cycle of fundamental

alternating voltage is
[ ]
a) Order of harmonic b) pulse number
c) Characteristic harmonics d) non- characteristic harmonics

3) The ratio of its frequency to the fundamental frequency of a periodic wave [

]
a) Order of harmonic b) pulse number
c) Characteristic harmonics d) non- characteristic harmonics

4) A filter which is shunt connected offers a low impedance over a

Broad band of frequencies [
]
a)Tuned filter b) high pass filter c) damped filter d) low pass filter

5) The design of tuned filter is based on their [

]
a)size b)order c)sharpness of tuning d) a&c

6) The design of high-pass damped filters involves selection of their [

]
a) Size b) order c) resonant frequency d) all

7) The tuning of a filter, which of the values are considered [

]
a)R,L,C b)L,C c)R,C d)both a&b

8) The difference between the actual resonant frequency (f) and assigned resonant
frequency (fn) is called_______ [
]
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a)detuning b)tuning c)frequency deviation d)a&c.

9) A HVDC converter, from the dc point of view, as a source of [

]
a) Voltage b) current c) harmonic voltage d) harmonic current

10) A larger Q reduces the filter losses and the harmonic voltage, but increases
The risk of [
]
a) Parallel resonance b) series resonance c) noise d) telephone interference

11) The reactive power sources are_______________________

12) In AC transmission distribution of electrical energy by _____________

13) In converter, the reactive power varies in active power _______________

14) In HVDC, the back to back used for_________________

15) What is the range of highest pulse number used in reduction of harmonics
______________
16) The quality of filter expresses the _____________

17) Expand CCITT ____________

18) Harmonics in the converter AC voltage are of the order___________

19) Harmonics in the converter DC voltage are of the order _________

20) Non-characteristic AC harmonics are of the order of _______

UNIT-IV POWER FLOW ANALASYS IN AC/DC SYSTEM

1) When all the 3-phases are short circuited it gives rise to [

]
a) Asymmetrical fault currents b) symmetrical fault currents
c) Zero current d) none

2) What will happen if a short circuit occurs on the system [

] a) Very small current flows through the system
b) Heavy current flows through the system
c) No current flows through the system
d) none

3) If all the converters are identical, then it is convenient to choose the base DC
voltage such that
[ ]
a) KV =1 b) KV =0 c) KV=0 (or)1 d)KV= -1
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4) The maximum short circuit current occurs in the case of [

]
a) 3-phase fault b) double line to ground fault
c) line-line fault d) line-ground fault

5) The study, which gives steady state solution of power system network, for a
specified bus conditions, with certain un equal constraints is known as
[ ]
a)load flow study b)power flow study c)transient study d)a&b

6) Which of the quantities are specied at slack bus [

]
a)E, δ b)P,Q C)E,P D)E,P

7) Re-active power changes are mainly effected due to any change in [

]
a) Voltage magnitude b) real power c) phase angle d) none

8) Series reactors is used to improve [

]
a) Efficiency b) voltage regulation c) power factor d) a&c

9) Which method is efficiently used for both smaller and larger system [
]
a) Gauss-siedel method b) Newton-Raphson method
c) Fast decoupled method d) all

10) Which method is not useful for larger systems [

]
a)Gauss-siedel method b)Newton-Raphson method
c) Fast decoupled method d) all

11) The base DC current is chosen such that ___________

12) The base resistance on the dc side is related to the base impedance on
ac side by __________

13) The per unit value of the commutating resistance is given by _______

14) The real power and reactive power injection for AC bus are _____

15) Load flow study is used for __________

16) A sudden short circuit in an ac power system causes a fall in current

in the___________

17) Higher excitation voltage reduces the___________ of the system

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18) PQ bus is also called as___________

19) Slack bus is also called as___________

20) Active power changes (∆P) are mainly effected due to any change in
___________
\

UNIT – V FACTS CONCEPTS

1) Facts technology opens up new opportunities for controlling …………. [

]
a) Controlling power b) enhancing the usable capacity of present and future
c) Both a & b d) none of the above

2) Power flow is based on the inverse of the various transmission lines …… [

]
a) Impedances b) resistance c) inductance d) capacitance

3) The HVDC line can be used to its full …………if adequate converter capacity is
provided. [
]
a) Thermal capacity b) power capacity c) load capacity d) generation capacity

4) if resonance persists , it will soon damage the ………… [

]
a) Shaft b) governor c) turbine d) none of the above

5) The objective is to make the best use of the transmission asset, and to maximize the
loading capability, the three kinds of limitations are [
]
a) Thermal capability b) dielectric c) stability d) all of the above

6) Thermal capability of an overhead line is function of the …… [

]
a) Ambient temperature b) voltage c) current d) none of the above

7) What are the stability issues that limit the transmission capability [
]
a)transient stability b)dynamic stability c)steady state stability d) all of the above

8) I=E/X and lags E by [

]
a) 90 b) 45 c) 0 d) 180

9) Control of the line impedance X can provide a powerful means of … [

]
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a) Current control b) voltage control c) both current and voltage d) none of the
above

10) When the angle is not large, which is often the case control of X or the angle
substantially provides the control of …… [
]
a)active power b) reactive power c) apparent power d) none of the above

11) The hvdc line can be used to its _________if adequate converter capacity is
provided.

12) A facts controller can control the _____________as required.

13) Thermal capabilities of an overhead line function of the _____________

14) The current flow on the line can be controlled by controlling ____________

15) Increasing or decreasing of inductive impedance of a line will greatly affect

the_____________

16) Active power flow P1____________

17) Reactive power flow Q1___________

18) A series controller could be a________________

19) In principle all___________ controllers inject voltage in series with the line

20) The real power transfer capability of the unified series controller referred to
as________________

UNIT-VI STATIC SHUNT COMPENSATORS

1) The purpose of this reactive compensation is to change the natural -----------

characteristics of the transmission line? [
]
a)electrical b) mechanical c)physical characteristics d)none of the above

2) The ultimate objective of applying reactive shunt compensation in a

transmission system is to …. …….the transmittable power ?
[ ]
a)decrease b) increase c) constant d) none

3) The midpoint var compensator exchanges only ------------------- with the

transmission line. [
]
a)real power b) reactive power c) apparent power d)none
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4) The transmission benefits of voltage support by controlled ------------

compensation at strategic locations of the transmission system have been
demonstrated by numerous installation.
[ ]
a) series b) shunt c) a & b d) none

5) The reactive shunt compensation can significantly ------------- the maximum

transmittable power.
a) Decrease b) increase c) remains constant d) none [
]

6) The potential effectiveness of shunt on -----------------improvement can be

conveniently evaluated by the equal area criterion ? [
]
a) Steady state stability b) Transient stability c) dynamic stability d) none

7) The maximum var output of a practical shunt compensator is normally

considerably ------------that required for full compensation.
[ ]
a) greater than b) less than c) equal d) none

8) From the black box point, the static var generator is a self sufficiently functioning
device that draws controllable reactive current from an alternating power source.
[
]
a) Real current b) reactive current c) load current d) none

9) The current in the reactor can be controlled from ---------------by the method of
controllable. [
]
a) Zero to max b) max to zero c) remains constant d) none

10) The voltage sag or swell along the uncompensated transmission line is the largest
at the…………….
[ ]
a)Starting b) ending c) midpoint d) none

11) The mid point shunt compensation can significantly______ the transmittable
Power

12) The voltage sag or swell along the uncompensated transmission line is the
largest at the__________.

13) The var output is controlled ina __________.

14) The compensator must stay in __________.with the a.c system at the
compensated bus .
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15) The compensator must be able to regulate the __________.for voltage support .

16) If the TCR generated harmonics __________.be reduced sufficiently by

circuit arrangement .

17) Controllable reactive power can be generated by all types of

__________.switching converters
18) Converter presently employed in facts controllers are the __________.type, but
__________.type converters may also be used in future

19) The operation of the voltage sourced converter used as a __________

20) A static var generated converter comprises a large no of __________

UNIT-VII STATIC SERIES COMPENSATORS

1) The basic idea behind series capacitive compensation is to………. the overall
effective series transmission impedance from sending end to receiving end? [
]
a)Increase b) decrease c)maintain d) none of the above

2) Degree of series compensation k=……….. [

]
a)0 < k < 1 b) 0 > k > 1 c) 0 > k < 1 d) 0 < k > 1

3) For increasing the voltage stability limit of over head transmission, series
compensation is ……………effective than shunt compensation of the same
MVA rating?
[ ]
a)much more b) much less c) equal d) none of the above

4) sustained oscillation below the fundamental system frequency can be caused by

series capacitive compensation , the phenomena referred as …………… [
]
a) synchronous resonance b) resonance
c) sub synchronous resonance d) none of the above

5) The electrical length of the line can be shortened to meet power transmission
requirements by …………..of the line ? [
]
a) compensation b) fixed compensation
c) series compensation d) none of the above
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6) When the GTO valve switch is closed the voltage across the capacitor is ……..….
and when the valve is open it is ……........?
[ ]
a) zero , maximum b) maximum , zero
c) maximum, maximum d) zero, zero

7) The TCR controlled by a turn on delay with respect to crest of the………… [

]
a) applied voltage b) applied current c) both a & b d) none of the above

8) The TCR valve is stipulated to close at current zero, the GCSC at voltage……… [
]
a) min b) zero c) max d) none of the above

9) The GCSC controls the voltage developed by a constant current source across the
fixed capacitor, there by presenting ……………………………. to the source.
[ ]
a) constant reactive admittance b) variable reactive impedance
c) constant reactive impedance d) none of the above

10) The TCR controls the current in a fixed inductor from a constant voltage source
there by presenting a ………………………….. as the load to this source .
[ ]
a) constant reactive admittance b) variable reactive admittance
c) constant reactive impedance d) none of the above

11) The fine duration of voltage reversal is dependent primarily on___________ ratio
but also on the magnitude of the line current?

12) series capacitive line compensation can cause the _________________

13) Controllable series line compensation is a ____________ of facts technology.

14) Series capacitive compensation can also be used to reduce the _______________
to minimize the receiving voltage variation.

15) control series compensation can be applied effectively to __________________

16) ______________improvement by controlled shunt compensation is achieved by
increasing the power transmission.

17) The series compensation is a ____________of the shunt compensator.

18) the voltage sourced converter –based series compensator

call_____________________________

19) The SSSC can provide capacitive or inductive compensating independent of the
line current up to its specified____________.
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20) The capability of the of the SSSC to exchange ____________has significant

application potential.

UNIT-VIII COMBINED COMPENSATORS

1) Controllers acting individually on the three transmission line operating parameters

which determine the transmitted power [
]
a) Voltage b) impedance c) angle d) all of the above

2) UPFC consists ………………voltage sourced converters. [

]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

3) UPFC consists of ………….voltage sourced converter. [

]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

4) UPFC independently control the …………. [

]
a) Real power b) reactive power c) real and reactive power d) either one

5) Synchronous voltage source generally exchanges both the real and reactive power
to the …….
[ ]
a) Generator b) transmission c) distribution d) all of the above

6) UPFC can full fill following functions [

]
a) reactive shunt compensation b) series compensation
c) phase angle regulation d)all of the above

7) In series reactive compensation technique voltage is injected in ………..with line

current i. [
]
a) In phase b) out of phase c) in quadrature d) none of the above

8) The shunt converter operates under a ……………current control structure [

]
a) Closed loop b) open loop c) a & b d) none of the above

9) Only the automatic power flow control mode providing ……….of real and reactive
power flow in the line. [
]
a) Independent control b) dependent control c) a & b d) none of the above
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10) Svc and tcsc which are unable to exchange ………… with a.c system [
]
a) Real power b) reactive power c) real and reactive power d) none of the above

11) The shunt converter is operated so as to draw a controlled current I _________

12) The converters do _________reactive power through the link

13) The compensating voltage of the sssc can be controlled totally independent of
the ___________

14) Phase angle regulation voltage is injected with an angular relationship with
respect to source voltage with out change __________.

15) Svc and TCSC which are unable to exchange ___________with a.c system.

16) TCVR and TCPAR which can exchange real power and reactive power but are
unable to generate__________.

17) The unified power flow controller concept was proposed by _________in 1991.

18) The control of the UPFC based upon the __________approach

19) Under balanced steady state conditions the p-axis and q-axis components of the
voltage and current vector are _____________

20) A feed back signal representing the dc ______________is also used to ensure the
necessary dc link voltage.