Experiment # 6

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) in a

Three Phase System using PS-120 Transmission Line Trainer

Objectives:

1. To familiarize with the basic operation of a PS-120 Transmission

Line Trainer.
2. To demonstrate three phase system with varying loads in the
trainer.
3. To simulate SCADA with three phase load in the trainer.
4. To demonstrate power factor correction in the three phase load.

Theoretical Discussion

Electrical systems have different parameters that should be known

for proper operation, like line currents, power factors, etc. In order to
manage this, we use different tools and equipment to measure this
parameters. So far, the usual equipment used are ammeters or digital
multimeter, wattmeters, and transformer. In the workplace, these were
replaced by apparatus that could measure most of the parameters of
the system. However, most of the time, different companies and
establishments use different brand name, which means that they look
differently from each other. One must be able to use the said apparatus
even with differences, based on the knowledge on how to operate other
apparatus with same functionality.
 This experiment demonstrate and simulate three phase system with
different types of load: resistive, capacitive, and inductive by using PS-
120 Transmission Line Trainer with a system called SCADA. This system uses
computers and graphic user interface to manage over and monitor
process plants and machinery.

Procedure:

1. Connect the wires in each of the three terminals of the sources in a

wye connection. Be sure that the power were off before connecting.
2. Connect the three wires in each of the terminals of the resistive
loads. Set each of the resistance to 25%. Then check the resistance to
see if it is working properly. Also, connect the two terminals at the
right side of the resistive loads terminals. This would serve as the
neutral.
3. Turn on the power (two knobs that activate the relay at the left side).
4. Record the required data found in the interface. Do the same thing
for the remaining trials with the given loads.
Pictorial Diagram:
Final Data Sheet

Trial V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3 P1 P2 P3

25% R 139.96 136.65 138.18 1.457 1.4414 1.4651 203.3 196 202.5
1

50% R 138.03 134.49 136.75 2.8977 2.8907 2.9123 399.92 388.74 398.2
2

25% R,
138.7 135.37 137.83 2.0947 2.049 2.0947 218.13 210.16 217.73
25% L

50% R,
137.53 134.3 136.7 4.2545 4.1832 4.2393 424.4 411.3 418.7
50% L

50% R,
50% L, 136.71 133.47 135.65 3.4395 3.377 3.3602 421 407.4 409.3
25% C

5
 Trial Q1 Q2 Q3 S1 S2 S3 PF1 PF2 PF3

1 25% R 0.3 1.55 1.28 203.3002 196.0061 202.504 0.999999 0.999969 0.99998

2 50% R 1.23 2.92 4.01 399.9219 388.751 398.2202 0.999995 0.999972 0.999949

25%
R,
3 25% L 192.02 182.33 192.22 290.6069 278.2291 290.4391 0.750602 0.755349 0.749658

50%
R,
4 50% L 401.1 379.6 397.65 583.9491 559.6998 577.4385 0.726776 0.734858 0.725099

50%
R,
50% L,
25% C
5 210.2 191.4 199.4 470.5582 450.1208 455.2877 0.894682 0.90509 0.898992
Graphs/ Curves

V Values
141
140
139
138
137
136
135
134
133
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Series1 Series2 Series3

I Values
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Series1 Series2 Series3

 P Q S Values
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

P1 Values P2 Values P3 Values Q1 Values Q2 Values

Q3 Values S1 Values S2 Values S3 Values

Power Factor Values

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

PF2 Values PF1 Values PF3 Values

Interpretation of Results

Using the PS-120 transmission line simulator, supervisory control

and data acquisition (SCADA) in a three phase system was simulated. This
is basically acquiring different parameters of the system using the said
simulator. Five trials were made: the first two being only pure resistive
(with different percentage), another two with inductive load, and the last
trial with resistive, inductive, and capacitive loads.

Based on the gathered data, the voltages, currents and power on

each of the line is almost equal, indicating that we have a balanced
system.

The power factor was also observed. With only resistive loads in the
first two trials, we have a power factor of 1. Then on the next two trials,
inductors were added, which reduced the power factor to about 0.75. then
on the last trial, capacitor loads were added, bringing the power factor
close to 1.

Conclusion

Based from the data gathered, the experiment was a success and
the objectives were satisfied.

There were a lot of differences of the PS-120 transmission line

trainer compared to the previous equipment we used, but still basically
work the same. In fact, the PS-120 trainer is a lot easier to use. We were
able to familiarize ourselves with the equipment by simulating a
balanced wye system with different types of load easily. This was
supported by the fact that the gathered in each of the line conforms to
the other, which indicates a balanced system.
 Also, the gathered data makes sense. For a resistive load only, we
have a power factor of 1. Adding an inductor, the power factor would be
reduced. Then finally, adding a capacitor load would bring the power
factor close to 1. This addition of capacitor played a role in the power
factor correction of the system, which is another objective of the
experiment.

Solved Problems

1. A 440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply has delta-connected load having 50

ohms between A and B, 159 mH between B and C and 15.9 F between C
and A. Find the phase current for the sequence ABC.

Solution:

VAB = 440(1 + j0) = 4400° V

VBC = 440(0.5 – j0.866) or 440 ∠- 120° V
VCA = 440(- 0.5 + j0.866) or 440 ∠120° V

ZBC = (j2πfL) = (j2π x 50 x 159 x 10-3) = (j50) or 50∠90°

Phase currents:

IAB = VAB/ZAB = 8.1 A

IBC = VBC/ZBC = 8.8∠-120 A

ICA = VCA/ZCA = 2.2∠210 A

2. A 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz system has the following load connected in
delta:
Between A and B lines: a non-reactive resistor of 50 Ω
Between B and C lines: a coil having a resistance of 10 ohms and
reactance of 30 ohms.
Between C and A lines: a loss free capacitor of 15 micro Farads.
Calculate the phase currents.

Solution:
ERY = 400 0° V
EYB = 400 - 120° V
EBR = 400 120° V
ZAB = 50 ohms
ZBC = 10 + j30 ohms
ZCA = -j/ 2πfC = 212∠-90

Phase Currents:

IAB = VAB/ZAB = 8∠0 A

IBC = VBC/ZBC = 12.65∠-191.56 A

ICA = VCA/ZCA = 1.886∠210 A

3. In a certain three phase Y-Y system, an unbalanced load is

connected to a source with VAN = 150∠30 V (positive sequence) if the
line currents of the load in each phase are: IA = 25∠21 A, IB = 23∠40
A, and IC = 24∠38 A; find the complex power in each phase.

Answer:
 𝑆𝐴 = 𝑉𝐼 ∗ = (150)(25)∠(30 − 21) = 3750∠9 𝑉𝐴
𝑆𝐵 = 𝑉𝐼 ∗ = (150)(23)∠(150 − 40) = 3450∠110 𝑉𝐴
𝑆𝐶 = 𝑉𝐼 ∗ = (150)(24)∠(−90 − 38) = 3600∠ − 128 𝑉𝐴

4. In a given balanced three phase system, the total complex power

was 3600∠-87.95 VA. Determine the power factor of the load.

Answer: 𝑝𝑓 = cos 𝜃 = cos −87.95 = 0.0358 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

5. The power factor of one phase of the load of a three phase

system is 0.63 lagging. If the real power according to a wattmeter
reading is 1750 watts. Determine the complex power of this
particular phase.

Answer: θ = cos −1 0.63 = 50.950

𝑃 𝑃 1750
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑓 = cos 𝜃 𝑜𝑟 ; 𝑆 = cos 𝜃 = cos 50.950 = 2777.785
𝑆

𝑆 = 2777.785∠50.95 𝑉𝐴