a) Describefour basic types and four sources of power loss associated withan

a.c. electricmotor. . (8 marks)

b) Describesuitable enclosures and coolingmethods for a motor operating in
i) dusty and damp conditions
ii) an area with an excessiveambient temperature. (4 marks)
(Total marks 12)

2 a) State three essential conditions necessary to be satisfiedbefore two

three-phase transformers maybe connected inparallel. (3marks)

Unit "S"Rated %Z
A 1 MVA (1 + j5)
B 500kVA (1.5 + j4)

Table 1

b) Twotransformers are connected inparallelto share a loadof 1.5MVa.8 lagging

power factor.Thetransformer details are givenintable 1.
Determine,and comment on, the load on each transformer.
Use a base of 1 MVA. (9marks)
. (Totalmarks 12)

3 a) State three essential conditions to be satisfied before a three-phase synchronous

generator may be parallel connected to a similar machine. (3 marks)
b) Describe, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the cross-lamp method of
synchronising a three-phase generator with infinite bus bars. (9 marks)
(Totalmarks 12)

4 a) Explainwhy a three-phase synchronous motor is not self starting. (4 marks)

b) Describe how a three-phase synchronous motor is started by using induction
motor techniques. (4 marks)
c) Explainhow a synchronous motor is used to improve the power factor of an
electrical installation. (4 marks)
(Totalmarks 12)

5 a) Describe, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the construction and principles of
operation of a split-phase single-phase motor. (6 marks)
b) i) Describe, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the auto-transformer method of
starting a cage-rotor induction motor.
ii) Explainwhy the starter in i)may be necessary. (6 marks)
(Totalmarks 12)

6 a) The rotor current ofan inductionmotor maybe calculated usingthe equation

IR= ERo/~(~Rr + (XRO)2

Draw the equivalentcircuitfor one phase ofan inductionmotor usingthis
equation to represent the rotor circuit. (4 marks)
b) A three-phase induction motor takes 50 kWfrom the supply and the stator losses
are 1.5 kw when operating on full~load.The mechanical windage and friction loss
is 2 kw and the slip is 4%.Determine the
i) rotor copper loss
ii) rating of the machine
iii) efficiency. (8 marks)
(Total marks 12)

2
 7 During a heat run on an induction motor, starting from cold, the average motor
temperature is measured to be
47 O( after 1 h
56 O( after 2 h.
The ambient temperature is 30°C. Determine the
a) time constant (T) (4 marks)
b) maximum temperature (Omax) (4 marks)
c) approximate time to reach the temperature in b). (4 marks)
Assume the temperature rise of the motor to be given by (Total marks 12)
0= Omax(1-e'tIT).

8 A d.c. compound motor has a torque speed characteristic defined by the table in
Figure 1 below.

Torque Nm 500 450 400 300 230 200

Speed rev/s(m) 1 2 4 10 20 25

Figure 1

a) Sketch and label the circuit of a compound motor. (2 marks)

b) Plot a graph of the characteristics given. (3 marks)
c) When the motor in a) drives a load whose torque equation is T = N2/O.9Nm plot a
. graph of the torque/speed characteristic using the same axes as in b). (4 marks)
d) Using the graph in b) determine the combined speed and torque. (3 marks)
(Total marks 12)

9 a) Explain why the time-delay is a necessary feature of the overload protection

provided in a motor circuit. (4 marks)
b) Explain, with reasons, the types of device used to protect a motor against
i) over-speeding
ii) excessive temperature. (8 marks)
(Total marks 12)

10 a) Describe the need for standby emergency supplies for

i) hospitals
ii) computer systems. (2 marks)
b) With the aid of a block diagram, describe a standby supply system suitable to
maintain the output of a factory with sensitive processes and office computers. (10marks)
(Total marks 12)