PLANING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A

SCHOOL BUILDING

A DESIGN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KALANIDHI RAJAH (150011601039)

KALIL RAHMAN (150011601040)
MUSTAQ AHAMED A (150011601124)
MD MADNI (150011601125)

Under the Guidance of

Ms.N. MANICKA PRIYA

Department of Civil Engineering

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING

NOVEMBER 2018
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this design project report ―PLANING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A
SCHOOL BUILDING” is the bonafide work of KALANIDHI RAJAH A
(150011601039), KALIL RAHMAN (150011601040), MUSTAQ AHAMED A
(150011601124) AND MD. MADNI (150011601125) who carried out the project
work. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein
does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a
degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Ms.N. MANICKA PRIYA Dr. VASANTHI PADMANABHAN
SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR & DEAN
Assistant Professor School of Infrastructure
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
B.S Abdur Rahman Crescent B.S Abdur Rahman Crescent
Institute Of Science And Technology Institute Of Science And Technology
Vandalur, Chennai – 600048. Vandalur, Chennai – 600048.
 VIVA – VOCE EXAMINATION

The viva – voce examination of the Design project work titled “PLANING,
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SCHOOL BUILDING” submitted by

KALANIDHI RAJAH (150011601039)

KALIL RAHMAN (150011601040)
MUSTAQ AHAMED A (150011601124)
MD MADNI (150011601125)

held on …………..

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express my gratitude to all the people behind the screen who
helped me to transform an idea into a real application.

We profoundly thank Dr. Vasanthi Padmanabhan, Professor and Dean of

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure, who has been an excellent
guide and also a great source of inspiration to my work.

We would like to extend our profound respect and sincere gratitude to

Dr. M.S.Haji Sheik Mohammed, Professor & Dean, and Academic Affairs.

We would like to thank my internal guide Ms.N.Manicka Priya, Assistant Professor

for her technical guidance, constant encouragement and support in carrying out my
project at college and for her support in giving suggestions during the project.

We would like to thank our Class Advisor Ms.P.M.Shanmuga Priya, Assistant

Professor who helped our team in all aspects.

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr.V.S.Priya, Associate

Professor for helping us immensely with her valuable guidance, and support for the
project.

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the task
would be great but incomplete without the mention of the people who made it
possible with their constant guidance and encouragement crowns all the efforts with
success.

We would like thank all the other staff members, both teaching and non-teaching,
which have extended their timely help and eased my task.

iv
 ABSTRACT

This project report in broad – spectrum contains five chapters. The content of all
chapters is broadly explained and it is constructed from the practical basis of the
project work. In the first chapter, we have given the details of the objectives and
methodology to be followed in this project. A brief introduction to various components
of the restaurant is provided in the second chapter. In the third chapter, the plan and
the layout of beams, columns with the respective figures. The fourth chapter deals
with the design and manual calculations of slabs, beams, columns and footings.

v
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
School buildings are the places where children come together to learn basic civics as
well as the skills they need to become productive members of society: Schools are
the locus of education. Local schools have been the center of efforts to provide equal
educational opportunities to all segments of the population. School buildings also
host other activities, including adult education classes, voting, and community
events. In some cases, a school may symbolize the community itself and may have
intrinsic value for social coherence. The concept that the design of school buildings
may affect students’ and teachers’ health and development is not new.

1.2 OBJECTIVES
A school site which is fit for its purpose: We aim to provide a safe and stimulating
physical environment in which our pupils can learn. We will maintain the school
grounds as a valuable educational resource & play area. We will invest in future
technologies to support our core aims of children's learning.

1.3 SITE SELECTION

The site is based on the needs of school for students. This is located in
Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu because there are more schools for children. The other
reason is because of the fast development of the town and the life style of people
and so it also valid for kids to gain them knowledge to purse for higher levels.

1
1.4 SITE DETAILS
The site is located at Chengalpattu. Site lies on Ammanambakkam of which is shown
in Figure 1.1 The total area of the site is 6, 34,180 Sq. Feet

Figure 1.1 Location of school building

1.5 PLAN DETAILS

The plan has a built-up area of 7, 00,000 Sq. Feet. The building is rectangular in
shape.

1.6 DRAWING
All the drawing is done using AutoCAD software, the plan was plotted in the software
to scale of 1:1.

2
1.7 ANALYSIS
The structure is plotted as a framed structure and analysed in Staad Pro, analysis
software, to obtained design parameters such as maximum moments, shear and
axial force.

1.8 DESIGN
The design parameters obtained from Staad Pro are used for designing the
structure, taking the maximum values from the software, one of each structural
members are designed manually.

1.9 DESIGN CONDITIONS

The design is done manually using limit state method of IS 456:2000, and load
assumption from IS 875 [part 1 and 2] and required values are assumed as per
standards of school building of IS 8827 and also this building is constructed using
national building code (NBC).

3
 CHAPTER 2
DETAILS OF SCHOOL BUILDING

2.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS

The area requirements and other provisions are followed as per Indian Standard-
Bye laws for construction of school building.

2.1.1SCHOOL BUILDING
A School building is a place where children come together to learn basic civics as
well as the skills, they need to be protective members of society: Schools are the
locus of education.

2.1.2 COMPONENTS

 Class Rooms

 Library Room

 Headmaster's Room

 The School Office

 The Staff-room

 School Laboratories

 The School Hall

4
2.1.3 Class Rooms
Class-rooms are the major component of the school plant. There should have a
classroom for each section of students and there should be as many classrooms as
there are sections in different classes in secondary schools. The classrooms should
provide sitting arrangement to accommodate 40 to 50 students with adequate space
for students and teachers to sit, stand and move freely for using maps, charts,
pictures etc. The size of a classroom depends upon the number of students in the
class.

2.1.4 Library Room

Library should find a dominating position in the center of the academic life of the
school. It is the most important facility in the school and it improves academic life of a
school. Every school building should have a separate wing for library and reading
room. Where resources permit, reading room should be separated from the library
hall. The library room should be attractive, colourful and inviting. It should be well
decorated, so as to present a homely look. It should be centrally located so that it
may be easily accessible to pupils.

2.1.5 Headmaster's Room

In a secondary school, there should be a room for the headmaster. Site for this room
should be carefully chosen. It should be situated at some prominent place where the
headmaster’s presence may be felt strongly. It should be easily accessible to visitors,
teachers and pupils. So, the room should be a spacious one, so that whenever need
of calling a meeting arises, the whole staff may be seated there. It should be near the
school office and staff room, so that a proper-co-ordination may be kept among
these components.

5
2.1.6 The staff Room
There should be a common room for the teachers in a secondary school. This staff
room is meant for the teachers to meet each other, to work together or individually.
In this room teachers can rest in their vacant periods. This may be a waiting place for
teachers in between working periods. It should be spacious enough to accommodate
the whole teaching staff of the school. It should be situated at such a place where
there is least disturbance of the classes and also should not have much distance
from the headmaster’s office.

2.1.7 School Laboratories

Every secondary school must possess well-equipped and well-planned laboratories
for teaching science subjects. The size of this room should be more spacious to
accommodate all the laboratory equipment’s. It should also have one or two attached
rooms used as stores. The service connections for gas, electricity and water are to
be provided in the wall of this room. This arrangement will facilitate to use movable
tables in one position for classwork and in another for laboratory. Built in cup-boards
for storing the chemicals in a laboratory should be provided.

2.1.8 School Hall

Every school should have a big hall where assembly of the whole school may be
possible. Here all the pupils assemble for general meetings, dramatics, lectures,
exhibition and many other school activities for all the students whenever required by
the headmaster. It should be located on the ground floor ensuring easy access to the
pupils, teachers and the public.

2.2 Requirements of Parts of Building

The plinth of any part building must be so located with respect to the surrounding
ground level. Adequate drainage of the site must be assured. The height of the plinth
shall not be less than 45cm. The exhaust ventilation must be located in toilet that will
be effective in removing excess moisture, odours and grease-laden vapours (i.e.
located directly over the cooking appliances or ware washing equipment).Toilet and
hand washing facilities must be provided for staff and must be located in a
convenient way. All outer openings are to be screened or have other adequate
controls (i.e. proper application of air current devices). All outer doors must be
equipped with self-closing mechanisms and tight fitting. Most important part of a
school building is it must have a fire safety and proper drainage system.
6
 CHAPTER 3
PLANNING AND ANALYSIS

3.1 SCHOOL BUILDING PLAN

Figure 3.1 School building plan

7
3.2. COLUMN LAYOUT

Figure 3.2 Layout of column

8
3.3 ANALYSIS DETAILS

3.3.1 AXIAL FORCE

The below figure 3.3 shows the axial force diagram caused by the loads in the
structure.

Figure 3.3 Axial force

3.3.2 BENDING MOMENT Y

A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external
force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend. The most
common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam.
The bending moment at a section through a structural element may be defined as
"the sum of the moments about that section of all external forces acting to one side
of that section". The forces and moments on either side of the section must be equal
in order to counteract each other and maintain a state of equilibrium so the same
bending moment will result from summing the moments, regardless of which side of
the section is selected. If clockwise bending moments are taken as negative, then a
negative bending moment within an element will cause "sagging", and a positive
moment will cause "hogging". It is therefore clear that a point of zero bending
moment within a beam is a point of contra flexure—that is the point of transition from
hogging to sagging or vice versa.

9
The bending moment diagram as shown in figure 3.4 will give the maximum positive
and negative moment of the beams to be adopted for the further manual design.

Figure 3.4 Bending moment Y

3.3.3 DISPLACEMENT
The below figure 3.5 shows the displacement caused in the structure.

Figure 3.5 Displacement

10
3.3.4 SHEAR FORCE Y
The below figure 3.6 shows the Shear force caused in the structure.

Figure 3.6 Shear force Y

11
 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB

A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings. Slabs are
constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building roofs and floors,
bridges, and other types of structures. The slab may be supported by walls, by
reinforced concrete beams, by columns, or by the ground. Horizontal slabs of steel
reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 mm) thick, are
most often used to construct floors & ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for
exterior paving.

4.1.1 REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

 A one-way slab needs moment resisting reinforcement only in its short-

direction because the moment along long axes is so small that it can be
neglected. When the ratio of the length of long direction to short direction of a
slab is greater than 2 it can be considered as a one way slab. Long direction
= ly, Short direction = lx One way slab: ly / lx > 2
 A two-way slab needs moment resisting reinforcement in both directions. If
the ratio of the lengths of long and short side is less than two then moment in
both direction should be considered in design. Two way slab: ly / lx < 2

Figure 4.1 Reinforcement design of slab

12
Live load = 3 kN

Fck = 15 N/mm2
Ly / Lx = 6.0 / 7.3 = 0.8 < 2
0.8 < 2
Hence it is consider being as a two way slab
Lx / d = 28
25 / d = 28
d = (6000 / 28) = 215 mm
Overall depth = 300 mm
Effective span = clear span + effective depth
= 6698 + 215
= 6913 mm

4.2 LOAD CALCULATION

2
Self-weight of the slab = (3.30 x 20) = 6 kN/m
2
Live load = 3 kN/m
2
Floor finishes = 0.6 kN/m
2
Total Load = 9 kN/m
2
Factored Load = (1.5 x 9) = 13.5 kN/m

4.3 MOMENT CALCULATION

αx (-ve) = 0.075: αx (+ve) = 0.056

2
Mux = αx wlex
2
Mux (-ve) = 0.075 x 13.5 x (4.25 ) = 18.28 kN/m
2
Mux (+ve) = 0.056 x 13.5 x (4.25 ) =13.65 kN/m

αy (-ve) = 0.047: αy (+ve) = 0.035

2
Muy = αy wlex
2
Muy (-ve) = 0.047x 13.5 x (4.25 ) = 11.46 kN/m
2
Muy (+ve) = 0.035x 13.5 x (4.25 ) = 08.53kN/m
2
Shear force (Vu) = 13.5 x 4.25 /2
= (57.37 / 2) = 28.68kN

13
4.4 CHECK FOR DEPTH
2
Mulimit = 0.36 Xu max / d [1-0.42 (Xumax / d)] bd fck
6 2
13.95x10 = 0.36 x 0.48 [1- 0.42(0.48)] x 1000 x d x 25
6 2
13.95 x10 = 3449.088 d
2
d = 4043.488
d= 63.16mm < provided= 215 mm
Hence the section is safe.

4.5 SHORT SPAN REINFORCEMENT

Mux (-ve) = 0.87fy Ast d {(1- Ast fy) / (fck bd)}

6 2
18.28x10 = 90262.5 Ast -7.49 Ast
Ast (-ve) =199.2mm
2
Provide 8mm dia spacing = (1000 x (π/4) x 8 ) / 199.2= 252.3mm
Mux (+ve) = 0.87 x fy Ast d {(1- Ast fy) / (fck bd)}
6 2
13.65x10 = 90262.5 Ast – 7.49Ast = 149.3mm
Provide 8mm dia spacing = (1000 x (π/4) x 82) / 149.3 = 165.6mm

4.6 LONG SPAN REINFORCEMENT

Muy (-ve) =0.87 x fy Ast d {(1- Ast fy) / (fck bd)}

11.46x106 = 90262.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2 =125.6mm
2
Provide 8mm dia spacing = (1000 x (π/4) x 8 ) / 125.6 =400.2mm
Muy (+ve) = 0.87 x fy Ast d {(1- Ast fy) / (fck bd)}
6 2
8.53x10 = 90262.5 Ast – 7.49Ast = 93.7
2
Provide 8mm dia spacing = (1000 x (π/4) x 8 ) / 93.7 = 536.4 mm

4.7 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Ʈv= Vu / bd
3
= (28.6 x 10 /1000 x 250)
2
= 0.17N/mm
Percentage shear = 100 x 199.2 /1000 x 250
Ʈc =0.30
2
kƮC = 0.39 N/mm
Ʈc > Ʈv

Hence no shear reinforcement is required.

14
4.8 TORSIONAL REINFORCEMENT

Ast = ¾ x 199.5 = 149.5

Min Ast = 120mm
Provide 6mm dia bars @ 120mm c/c

4.9 REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP

2
Ast = Min Ast = 180mm
Provide 8mmdia bar, spacing= 300mm

6000mm

7300mm

Figure 4.2 Reinforcement detailing of slab

15
4.2 DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam is horizontal structural member and generally it transfers the load acting on it
to the support. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to
the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all
the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments
within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the
beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-
section), length, and their material. Beam has to be designed for resisting bending
moment, shear force and twisting moment developed by the transverse load is
parallel to the plan of geometry of the cross-section of the beam and it passes
through the shear centre. The bending moment in a beam is maximum at certain
sections and it varies at other section. The size of the beam is designed with respect
to maximum bending moment in it and is generally kept uniform throughout the span.

Figure 4.3 Design of beam

4.2.1 DESIGN OF BEAM NUMBER 195

Beam number = 195

Grade of Concrete = M20

Grade of Steel = Fe415

b = 230 mm
D =300 mm
Span =7m

16
Assume cover = 50 mm
D = 300-50 = 250 mm
2
fck = 25N/mm

Maximum positive bending moment from staad pro Mu (+ve) = 38.86 kNm
2
Mulimit = 0.138 bd fck

= 0.138 x 230 x 250 2 x 20 = 49.2 kNm

Mulimit > Mu, therefore the section is singly reinforced

4.2.2 AREA OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Mu (+ve) = 0.87 fy x Ast x d [1- (Ast fy) / (bd fck)]

38.44 x 106 =0.87x415x Ast x250[1-(Ast x 415 /230 x 250 x 20)]

38.44 x 106 = 90262.5 Ast [1-(2.88x10-4 Ast)]

2
38.44 x 106 = 90262.5 Ast - 25.99 Ast
2
Ast (+ve) = 503.6 mm

Provide 25 mm dia bar

2
No. of bars = 503.6/ [(π/4) x 25 ] = 1.2 = 2 bars

Maximum negative bending moment from staad pro

Mu (+ve) = -80.71 kNm

Mu (-ve) = 0.87fy x Ast x d [1-(Ast fy) / (bd fck)]

-80.71 x 106 = 0.87x415 Ast x 250 [1-(Ast x 415) / (230 x 250 x 20)]
2
-80.71 x 106 = 90262.5 Ast -25.99 Ast
2
Ast (-ve) = 737 mm

Using 12 mm diameter bars

No. of bars=780 / (π/4 x 122) =2 bars
Spacing = 1000 x 113.9 / 400 = 280 mm
Provide 2 bars of 25 mm diameter on tension side
Provide 2 hanger bars of 12 mm diameter on compression zone.

17
4.2.3 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Vu = 0.6 x L (g + q) 1.5
0.6 x 3.5 (8.12 + 3) 1.5

Vu = 35.06 kN

Ʈ v = VU / bd = 35.06 x 103 /450 x 280

= 0.27 N/mm2
Pt = 100 Ast / bd
= (100) 400 / 450 x 280
= 0.30
From table-19 (Is 456:2000) for M20
2
Ʈc = 0.37 N/mm

Since Ʈv < Ʈc shear reinforcement are designed as, Using 8mm diameter 2 legged
stirrups

4.2.4 MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Sv = [0.87 x 415 x 2 x (π x 82 / 4) x 350] / (Vu fck bd)]

Sv = 110.9 mm < 150 mm

Provide 6 mm φ 2 legged stirrups at a spacing of 150 mm c/c

Figure 4.4 Reinforcement detailing of a beam

18
4.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN
Compression members are called as column and struts. A column is a vertical member
in a structure used to transfers the loads from the slabs and beams to the soil through
the footings. The vertical member in a structure whose slenderness ratio is greater than
three is called as columns. The column design was done through staad.pro software for
all the columns. A sample of column design results are shown with the reinforcement
details. Column footings are the structural element that transfers the loads from the
building to the earth. In order to transfer these loads properly column footing must be
designed.

Figure 4.5 Design of column

4.3.1 DESIGN OF COLUMN

Column number = 61
Grade of Concrete = M25
Grade of Steel = Fe415
Bar size = 16 mm
b = 304mm
d = 304mm

From staad pro, Load (Pu) = 551.54 kN

From staad pro, Muz = 149.62 kNm

19
 2 (1/2)
Equivalent Moment, Mu = 1.15 (Muz ) = 172.06 kNm

My = 24.35 kNm Provide 12mm dia bar with 40 mm cover dʹ

= 40 + (12/2) = 46 mm
(i) dʹ/d = 46 / 350 = 0.1
2
(ii) Adopt M25 grade of concrete,Fe415 grade of steel fy = 415 N/mm
(iii) Consider reinforcement is distributed equally on four sides

3
Pu / fck bd = 49.6 x 10 / 25 x 300 x 300 = 0.30
6
Mu / fck bd =24 x 10 / 25 x 300 x 300 = 0.02 P / fck =0.02
Percentage of steel = 0.75 %
Ast = P x b x D/100 = 1 x 300 x 300 / 100
2
Ast = 915 mm
Use 16 mm ϕ bars
Number of bars = 4 bars

4.3.2 LATERAL TIES

i. Diameter of lateral from pg-49, IS456:2000
ii. (¼) x16 = 4 mm
iii.6 mm diameter is adopted
4.3.3 SPACING
i. Least lateral dimension = 300 mm
ii.16 x 16 ~ 256 mm = 300 mm
iii. Pitch provided is 300 mm c/c spacing of 6 mm ϕ

Figure 4.6 Reinforcement Details of Column

20
4.4 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Rise = 100 mm

Thread = 400 mm

Number of steps = 15

Width of landing beam = 300 mm

Grade of concrete= M30

Grade of steel = Fe415

4.4.1CALCULATE EFFECTIVE SPAN

Effective span = nt + width of the landing beam

15 x 400 + 300
6300 mm
L = 6.3 m
Thickness of waist slab = span / 20
6300 / 20 = 315 mm
= 0.315 m
Effective depth = 0.315 - 0.025 = 0.29 m
Loads Dead load slab on step (ws) = (1 x 0.315 x 25) =7.875 m
Dead load of step of horizontal span = (7.875 x √0.12 + 0.42 / 0.4) = 3.77
Dead load on step (Do) = 0.5 x RxT x 25
0.5 x 0.1 x 0.4 x 25
(Do) = 0.5 kN/m

Load step per m length = [Do x 1000 / T]

= (0.5) x (1 / 0.4)
2
= 1.25 kN/m

21
Total service load = D.L + L.L + F.L
Live load for residential building = 2 to 3 kN/m2
Live load for public building = 5 kN/m2
2
Weight of floor load = 0.6 kN/m

Dead load = 8.11+ 1.25

= 9.36 kN/m2
W = 9.36 + 5 + 0.6
= 14.96 kN/m2
Factored load (wu) = 1.5xw
= 1.5 x 14.96 = 22.44 kN/m2

4.4.2 BENDING MOMENT

Bending moment at the center of span (mu) = wul2/8
= 22.44 x 4.32
= 51.86 kNm

4.4.3 CHECK FOR DEPTH OF WAIST SLAB

D = (√ mu/0.138 fck bd)
D =√ (51.86 x 106/0.138 x 30 x 1000)
D = 111.92 D = 112 < 315mm.

22
4.4.4 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 fy x Ast x d {(1- (Ast) x (fy) / fck (bd)}

Ast = 513.62 mm2

Use 12 mm φ bars

Spacing = Ast (provided) / Ast (required)

= [(π/4 x 122) / (513.62) x 1000]

= 220 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm φ bars @ 220mm c/c as main reinforcement hence safe.

Figure.4.7 Reinforcement details of staircase

23
4.5 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Figure 4.8 Design of footing

4.5.1 FOOTING GEOMTERY

Design type = calculate dimension
Footing thickness (Ft) = 305.00 mm
Footing length - x (Fl) = 1000.00 mm
Footing width - z (Fw) = 1000.00 mm
Eccentricity along x = 0.00 mm
Eccentricity along z = 0.00 mm

24
4.5.2 COLUMN DIMENSIONS
Column shape = Rectangular

Column length (Pl) = 0.305 m

Column width (Pw) = 0.305 m

4.5.3 SOIL PROPERTIES

Soil type = Drained
3
Unit weight = 22.0 kN/m
2
Soil Bearing Capacity = 100.00 kN/m
2
Soil Surcharge = 0.00 kN/m
Depth of soil footing = 0.00 mm
2
Cohesion= 0.00 kN/m
Min % of slab = 0.00

4.5.4 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Initial length = 1.00 m
Initial width = 1.00 m
2
Area from initial length and width A0 = L0 x W0 = 1.00 m
Min. area required from bearing pressure, Amin= p / qmax = 6.03 m2
4.5.5 FINAL FOOTING SIZE
Length = 2.8 m
Width = 2.8 m
Depth = 0.3 m
2
Area = 8.1 m

Figure 4.9 Pressure at four corners

25
4.5.6 MOMENT CALCULATION

Effective Depth = D – (cc + 0.5 x db) =0.302m

Governing moment (Mu) = 273.462 kNm

As per IS 456 2000 ANNEX G

Limiting factor (Kumax) = 700 / (1100 + 0.87 x fy) = 0.47

Limiting factor (Rumax) = 0.36 x fck x kumax x (1 - 0.42 x Kumax) = 3444.2 kNm2

Limit moment of resistance (Mumax) = Rumax x B x de2 = 895.26 kNm

MU < = Mumax hence, safe

Figure 4.10 Check for trial depth for one way shear along X axis

DX = 0.302 m
Shear force(S) = 326.354 kN
2
Shear stress (Tv) = 379.17 kN/m

Percentage of Steel (Pt) = 0.3131

As per IS 456 2000 clause 40 Table 19
Shear strength of concrete (TC) = 401.93
TV< TC hence, safe

26
4.5.7 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION
Bar diameter corresponding to max size (db) = 25mm
As per IS 456 2000 clause 26.2.1
Development length (ld) = (db x 0.87 x fy) / (4 x bd) = 1.007 m
Allowable length (lbd) = {(B – d) / 2 – cc} = 1.223 m Ldb > = ld hence safe

Figure 4.11 Check for two way shear

4.5.8 FOR MOMENT W.R.T. X AXIS (MX)

As per IS 456 2000 clause 26.5.2.1

Minimum area of steel (Ast min) = 1217.520 mm2

Calculated area of steel (Ast) = 2642.717 mm2

Provided area of steel (Ast provided) = 2342.717 mm2

Astmin< = Ast provided Steel area is accepted

Steel bar size (db) = 8

Min. spacing allowed (Smin) = 48 m

Selected spacing = 52.731mm

Smin < = s < = Smax and selected bar size < selected max. Bar size The reinforcement

is accepted.
27
 Figure 4.12 Plan for isolated footing

Figure 4.13 Elevation for isolated footing

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 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION

The analysis and design of a school building is completed using various software and
calculated it manually and has thus made us to do the various calculation and all the
fundamental considerations which are followed while designing a structure. This has
helped us to learn the importance of designing a structure completely. We gained more
knowledge by doing this project about the conditions to be considered for constructing a
structure.

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 CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES

 IS 456:2000 for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

 IS 8827 for design of school building for std Dimension

 IS 875 - Part 1 – Code of practise for designed load ( dead load )

 IS 875 - Part 1 – Code of practise for designed load ( live load )

 www.nptel.ac.in

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