Air pollution is one of the

most serious problems in

the world. It refers to the
contamination of the
atmosphere by harmful
chemicals or biological
materials. According to
the World's Worst Polluted
Places by Blacksmith
Institute in 2008, two of
the worst pollution problems in the world are urban air quality
and indoor air pollution. To solve the problem of air pollution,
it's necessary to understand the issues and look for ways to
counter it.
Air Pollution Statistics
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) collects air pollution statistics. It's important to study
these statistics because they show how polluted the air has
become in various places around the country. Generally, the
statistics reflect the levels of six pollutants, namely, ozone,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, and
particulate matter. There are maximum allowable limits for
each pollutant.
 Air Quality Index: Provides information on the index for daily
reporting of air quality.
 Air Trends: The EPA offers statistics on air quality trends.
 Air Quality & Emissions: A collection of air data for the State of
California.
 Air Pollution Statistics: Provides statistics on the problem of air
pollution in countries around the world.
 Canada: Offers information on air quality indicators in Canada.
 Air Quality Data: Good place to find air quality data for various
states.
Health Effects
Air pollution can cause long-term and short-term health
effects. It's found that the elderly and young children are more
affected by air pollution. Short-term health effects include eye,
nose, and throat irritation, headaches, allergic reactions, and
upper respiratory infections. Some long-term health effects are
lung cancer, brain damage, liver damage, kidney damage,
heart disease, and respiratory disease.
 Health: Read about how air pollution can affect your health.
 Air Pollution: A great resource on the health effects of air
pollution.
 On Children: Explains how air pollution has such an impact of
children's health.
 Health Effects: Excellent overview of the health effects of air
pollution.
 Dirty Air: Highlights some of the common health problems
caused by air pollution.
 Respiratory Health: Discusses the effects of air pollution on
respiratory health.
 Health & Air Pollution: Provides information on the various
health effects of air pollution.
 Environmental Effects
Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and
bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the
ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's UV rays.
Another negative effect of air pollution is the formation of acid
rain, which harms trees, soils, rivers, and wildlife. Some of the
other environmental effects of air pollution are haze,
eutrophication, and global climate change.
 Environmental Effects: An overview of the environmental
effects of air pollution.
 Climate Change: Discusses how air pollution has an impact on
climate change.
 Climate Control: A study on the effects of air pollution on
climate.
 Ozone: Read about ozone and ozone layer depletion in
relation to air pollution.
 Acid Rain: Offers great information on the subject of acid rain.
 Ozone & Air Pollution: Describes how air pollution has an
impact on the Earth's ozone.
 Human Causes of Air Pollution
Human activities have been highlighted as the major causes of
air pollution, especially in the cities. To support a larger
population, there's a need for energy production,
transportation, and industries, resulting in the emission of
harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. A list of the human
causes of air pollution includes vehicles, domestic smoke and
heating, aircraft pollution, outdoor fires, and incineration of
waste. To reduce the problems of air pollution, people should
be more aware of their actions in these areas.
 Human Activity: An overview of how human activity affects air
pollution.
 Air Toxics: A look at mercury and other air toxic emissions
associated with production of electricity.
 Transportation: The report focuses on how transportation can
affect air quality.
 Cars: Discusses the impact of cars on air pollution.
 Pollution Sources: Provides information on atmospheric
structure and the sources of pollution.
 Major Causes: Describes the major causes of air pollution,
including human activity.
 Natural Causes of Air Pollution
Other than human actions, air pollution is also caused by
natural events. Biological decay and volcanoes release natural
sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides, affecting air quality in
negative ways. Most of the ozone around the ground level is
formed when chemical reactions occur in the sunlight but
there's also about 10 to 15 percent transported from the
stratosphere. Other natural causes of air pollution are natural
sources of particulate matters like volcanoes and dust storms,
volatile organic compounds, pollen, forest fires, oceans, and
forest fires.
 Natural Air Pollution: Highlights the main natural causes of air
pollution.
 Volcanic Gases: A look at volcanic gases and the effects on
the Earth.
 Mt. Sakurajima: A study on the air pollution brought about by
the eruption of this volcano.
 Forest Fires: Explains how forest fires can affect air quality.
 Ground Level Ozone: The primer explains how ground level
ozone can cause air pollution.
Kanpur is one of the most populous urban agglomeration in
India and largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh.
Kanpur is the ‘leather city of world’ and Manchester of the
India become bulk of industries situated in Kanpur.
List of industries in Kanpur:
Top 80 best major chemical, leather, textile, mechanical and
plastic industries etc.
Existence of heavy industries in Kanpur made the atmosphere
of Kanpur badly affected. Air pollution in Kanpur is major
problem that the people of Kanpur is facing.
 Have a view of how air is polluted in Kanpur

As per the WHO report one can see that air pollution is
extremely high . The fast development in the field of industrial
area day by day is affects the atmosphere very badly. The
toxic fumes smokes released by the industries make the air
poisonous which affects people and environment very badly.
The report showing air quality measured on 28Oct.2018.

As per report here PM10 extremely high.

PM10 is particular mater of 10 micrometer or less in diameter.
PM2.5 is particular mater of 2.5 micrometer or less in diameter.
PM2.5 is generally described as fine particles. By way of
comparison, a human hair is about 100 micrometers, so
roughly 40 fine particles could be placed on its width. Particles
in this size range make up on large proportion of dust that can
be drawn deep into the lungs, larger particles to be trapped in
the nose, mouth or throat.
How these impurities that are present in atmosphere of
Kanpur affect the health.
Toxic effect by absorption of such toxic material into the blood.
Allergic or hypersensitivity effect (e.g. some wounds, flour
grain, chemicals).
Bacterial and fungal infections (from live organisms).
Particles in the PM10 size range are commonly present in air
and may be drawn into body with every breath. In the lungs
particles can have a direct physical effect and /or be absorbed
into the blood.
Airborne particles, not only the PM10 function, may deposited
in the mouth, throat or nose and be ingested

PM10 way affect animals in the same way i.e. in Kanpur the air
pollution affects the animals also at the same rate, These
PM10 and PM2.5 affect the aesthetics and utilities of area
through visibility reduction and may affect building and
vegetation.
PM10 and PM2.5 are very fine and light and are therefore easily
entrained into the air by wind or chemical changes may occur
as may reactions with other substances depending on the
composition of the particles. It may stick together or break
apart changing the size distribution over time.
Sources of Emission:

 PM10 and PM2.5 are produced from wide range of

industrial process through bulk material handling,
combustion and minerals processing.
 As there is bulk hub of industries in Kanpur these
industries using these process include brickworks, cement
works, fertilizers.
 Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests
and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of
the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the Sun’s
UV rays.
 Another negative effect of air pollution is the formation of
acid rain, which harms tree soils, rivers, wildlife’s.
 Ways to Help Keep the Air Cleaner
There are some things you can do to help keep the air
cleaner. Generally, it's important to conserve energy because
sources of energy like electricity, diesel, gasoline, and wood
would contribute to air pollution. Rather than driving a car or
riding a motorcycle, you can ride a bicycle or walk to perform
errands. Try to reduce trips and use public transportation.
Gas-powered garden equipment should be avoided as well as
the burning of trash, leaves, and other materials. It's also a
good idea to perform regular car maintenance and engine tune
ups, making a point to replace the car's air filter and oil on a
regular basis. If everybody does the small things to reduce air
pollution, the environment would benefit collectively.
 Clean the Air: Offers 50 ways for keeping the air cleaner.
 It All Adds Up: The site is dedicated to encouraging people to
do small things to clean the air collectively.
 Keeping the Air Clean: Excellent resource center to find tips
and other information on how to keep the air cleaner.
 Cleaner Air: Follow these steps to keep the air cleaner.
 What Can You Do?: Help to stop air pollution with these tips.
More than a million people are thought to die a year from air
pollution in China, but now the country is fighting back with
innovative solutions.

Tangshan today is a hub of heavy industry and coal-burning,

a city that produces cement, chemicals, and more than five
percent of the world’s steel. From the rubble of 1976,
clusters of tall, concrete apartment buildings have risen to
house the workers who keep the mills and factories running
and the towering smokestacks pumping.
Three years ago, at the Communist Party’s annual congress,
Premier Li Keqiang declared war on air pollution in China. At
the party congress this past March, he renewed his vow “to
make our skies blue again.” Among Li’s main weapons:
Reducing the production of steel and of coal-fired electricity.
To replace coal, China is rolling out the world’s biggest
investment in wind and solar power.