Q= V.

A V
Q= .V.A A=
 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Orifice Plate
Venturi
Flow Nozzle
Pitot tube
Elbow
ORIFICE PLATE
(or FLOW TUBE)
VENA CONTRACTA

Direction of Flow

2 2
P1 1 v1 P2 1 v 2
MANOMETER
h (or DP TRANSMITTER) g 2 g g 2 g
P1 ,P2 :pressure at point P and point Q
v1 ,v 2 :velocity at point P and point Q
: gravity
 1 2 P
v2
2
A2
1
A1
Flow Rate
1 2 P P
Q A2 v 2 A2 KA2
2
A2
1
A1

1
M A2 2 P KA2 P
2
A2
1
A1
 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
 CAt
mactual 4 12
2 p1 p2
[1 ]
For 0.2 0.75 and 104 Re 107
6.53 0.5
Cd 0.9975
Re0.5
 Flow Meter Type Head Loss Cost

Orifice D1 Dt High Low

Flow Nozzle D1 Dt Intermediate intermediate

Venturi D1 Dt Low High

Bernoulli Equation:

( P2 P1) (V22 V12 )

0 1 P2 2
g 2g
P1,V1 Stagnation
In the Pitot V2 0 Point V2=0

1 2 P2 P1
P2 P1 V1 2 or V1
2
mactual Cd . A t . 2 p1 p2
 -
-
-
-
-

-
Q = Kelbow Aelbow 2 g Dh
 m. tan
f KQ K
2 . A.R
R m
A= - -
 use
muse mcal
cal
 -
-
-
Magm eter
L
B v

E BV L

E . .D
Q
4 .B
 .mho
10
cm

-
-
-
-

-
-
 -

0.5Mhz 20 Mhz

c. f
V c
2 f t . cos
 -

-
-

-
--
Z -
V -
W -
Td , Tu

L L
Td Tu
c v cos c v cos
c
2v cos :v
f fu fd
L L

Q v. A
 Z:
-
-
-
-

-
0.5% -
-
V
 k .d . T
V
sin 2 .(T0 )2

k
v
d
T 0

:
O.5~1.5
Transit T im e

-
-
-
-

-
-
-
 shedding

bluff
body
bluff body
 bluff body

2 f .d
Q V1.A1 D D.d
4 S
A1 :D
d V1
(0.18- 0.25) S
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
RTD
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
Micro
m otion
 C t
M t
8r 2 C
U r
-
-
-

-
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-
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-
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