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Part 2
Memo Tutorial- Heat Integration-
1 Cold(C1) 10 45 120
2 Hot(H1) 45 15 110
3 Cold(C2) 50 85 5
4 Hot(H2) 85 15 5
5 Cold(C3) 10 75 25
6 Cold(C4) 45 80 20
7 Hot(H3) 40 10 120
The first step to calculate hot and cold utilities is to find out the shifted temperatures for the hot
and cold streams as shown below:
Values of shifted temperatures of hot and cold streams are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Shifted temperature data for stream data of Table 1
The shifted temperatures are arranged in decreasing order where the temperature, which appears
more than one, should be written only once. It gives temperature intervals as shown in column
no. 1 of Table 3.
Enthalpy balances can easily be calculated for each temperature interval using Eq. 3:
∆ ∑ ∑ ∆ ∗ ∑ ∑ (3)
This equation is valid for any temperature interval i. The computed heat balance in all the
temperature intervals are shown in the Table 3. The last column of this table indicates whether
the interval is in heat surplus or heat deficit.
Table 3: Temperature interval and heat balance in each interval
After constructing the Problem table and defining intervals with surplus and deficit of heat, the
next step is to develop a heat cascade based on key feature of problem table that any heat
available in interval i is hot enough to supply its duty in interval i+1. The cascading is shown in
column no. 3 of Table 4. Further, the column shows negative values of heat in a interval, which
is infeasible. To make the problem feasible most negative value of heat, which is 3025 kW
(column 3 in Table 4), is cascaded from top and considered as hot utility. The cascading is
shown in last column of Table 4.
Table 4: Problem table cascade 3025kW
From the problem table cascade shown in Table 4 following information are extracted:
Pinch point: 35 0C
Hot pinch : 40 0C
Cold pinch : 30 0C
Problem 2: For a process the stream data together with utility data and heat transfer
coefficients are shown in Table 2, where ∆Tmin is selected as 10 °C. Steam from 250°C to 249°C
is to be used as hot utility, however, cold water at 25 °C and returning to the cooling tower at
35 °C is to be used as cold utility. Target the heat exchange area for this process.
CP of hot and cold utility are computed as 12.9 MW/˚C and 0.89 MW/˚C, respectively.
300
Th4
150 Tc6
Th3
Tc4
100 Th2
Th1
Tc3
Tc1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Enthalpy MW
Given:
(a) The capital cost of the individual heat exchangers is according to following relationship:
(c) Plant life and rate of interest are assumed as 5 years and 10%, respectively.
Solution : To calculate the area target for the given stream data in Table 3, first the
amount of hot and cold utility and the pinch temperature should be known.
Cold utility : 0 kW
120 Th1
Series1
100
Tc3 Tc4 and Tc5 series 2
80
Tc2
60
Tc1
Balanced cold composite curve
40 Show Tc1 to Tc6 in this figure
20
0
0 50 100 15
en0thalpy KW
2 00 250 300 350
ENTHALPY(kW)
The total heat transfer area is 68.866 m2. Now cost targeting can be described as -be
Capital cost = 30,000 + 400 (A) 0.9 = 30,000 + 400 (68.866)0.9 = 48041.156
Conversion of the capital cost into annual capital cost :
i 1 i
n
Conversion factor :
1 i n 1
where n and i are 5 and 10, respectively.
0.1* 1 0.1
5
= 48041.156*
1 0.15 1
= 12673.1359 $yr -1
For the present problem hot and cold utility are found as 114 kW and 0 kW, respectively, as
computed for Problem 1 of Tutorial-03. Thus,
Similarly,