F. SYNTHESIS OF SULPHANILAMIDE Aim: To Synthesize Sulphanilamide from p-acetamidobenzenesulfonamide by Hydrolysis Reaction. Reactio NHCOCHs HCHO fon. foun ° 1 midobenzenc Sulfanilamice 0H chloro sulfonic acid SO,NH, P-acctamido benzcno sulfonamideProcedure: 4-aeetamidobenzenesulfonamide is weighed and placed in a $0 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Dilute hydrochloric acid (6 M) is added to the flask in an amount equal to twice the weight of the 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonamide, The flask is fitted with a cold water condenser and heated at reflux with constant stinring for 45 minutes, after which it is allowed to cool to room temperature, If any solid appears upon cooling, the mixture is reheated at reflux for another 15 minutes. Afier cooling. the reaction mixture is neutralized by slow addition of a saturated Na2CO3 solution with stirring until it tests slightly alkaline to pH poper. A precipitate may have begun to form during neutralization. Cool the beaker in an ice bath to complete the precipitation of product. It may be necessary to gently seratch the inside bottom of the beaker to induce crystallization. The product is collected by vacuum filtration, washed with a small amount of ice cold water and air dried. A small sample of the crude produet is saved, ond the remainder is purified by recrystallization by dissolving in a minimum amount of boiling hot water, allowing the solution to slowly cool to room temperature, then futher cooling in an ice bath to crystallize as much product from solution as possible, The recrystallized product is collected by vacuum filtration. The product is weighed and % yield is calculated. The overall yield for the five-step synthesis of sulfanilamide from nitrobenzene is calculated and reported. IR and NMR spectra are obtained on the final produet.To Syathesize Benzoic Acid from Benzyl Alcohol by Cannizaro’s Reaction. Reaction: benzyl alcohol benzoic acid Procedure: Benzaldehyde (20g) are treated in a stoppered cylinder or a thick-walled vessel with a cold solution of 18 g of potassium hydroxide in 12 g of water, and mixed until a permanent emulsion is formed. The mixture is then allowed to stand over night. The vessel is closed by a cork, and not a glass stopper. since at times a glass stopper becomes so firmly fastened that it can be removed only with great difficulty. To the crystalline paste (potassium benzoate) separating out, water is added until a clear solution is obtained from which the benzyl alechol is extracted by repeatedly shaking with ether. After the evaporation of the ether the residue is subjected to distillation; benzyl alcohol passes over at 206° C. Yield, about-8 g. The benzoic acid is precipitated from the alkaline solution on acidifying with hydrochloric acid and purified fiom hot water yielding final product with melting point 121° C.