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10/11/2011
What is the Relationship Between the Heat Release in a Neutralization Reaction and Acid
Strength?
Beginning Ideas: The more likely a neutralization reaction is able to occur, the more heat is able
to be released. By this understanding, a stronger acid should be able to release more heat than a
weaker acid. The reason being is that strong acids give away their protons more freely than weak
acids. So if we test two different neutralization reactions with different acids and measure the
heat of the solution, we can test this hypothesis. The two neutralization reactions tested are as
follows:
Tests:
Two reactions were prepared by initially gathering three beakers. The beakers contained 50mL
3M HCl, 50mL 3M acetic acid, and 100mL of 3M NaOH. To calibrate the thermometers, a large
beaker was filled with water and the thermometers were placed inside and allowed 5 minutes to
attain the temperature. Two calorimeters were then prepared by inserting a coffee cup into
another coffee cup. After calibrating the thermometers, the thermometers were put into the acid
beakers to test if the temperatures were the same. 50mL of each acid was poured into separate
calorimeters and the thermometers were placed inside as well. 50mL of NaOH was poured into
the calorimeters to start the reaction. Immediately the lid was placed onto the calorimeters. The
initial temperature change was taken and was periodically recorded every minute.
Note: To properly attain all valuable data, the calorimeter constant should be found before the
Observations:
Time(min) Temperature(C)
0 40.0
1 40.0
2 40.0
3 40.0
4 40.0
5 39.0
6 38.0
7 38.0
8 37.0
9 37.0
10 36.0
Initial temperature: 20.0C
Time(min) Temperature(C)
0 39.0
1 39.0
2 38.5
3 38.0
4 38.0
5 38.0
6 37.5
7 37.0
8 37.0
9 37.0
10 37.0
Initial temperature: 20.0C
Evidence:
40.5
40
39.5
39
Temperature
38.5
38
37.5
37
36.5
36
35.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
39.5
39
38.5
Temperature
38
37.5
37
36.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Although the energy absorbed by the calorimeter was not calculated due to not finding the
solution and the energy absorbed by the calorimeter. Lastly, you can find the molar heat of
Claim: A strong acid like HCl will release more heat in a neutralization reaction than
CH3COOH. This is because HCl is more likely to give away its proton atom than a weaker acid,
Reading:
According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, acids are proton donors while
bases are proton acceptors2. One quality about strong acids is that they can almost be completely
ionized in a polar solvent2. This means that weak acids don't completely ionize2. Neutralization
reactions are exothermic reactions and one can expect a negative change in enthalpy2. When
using a weak acid in a neutralization reaction, more energy is required to break the proton
bonds2. Thus, you have a smaller change in enthalpy. When using a strong acid, less energy is
required to break the proton bonds and so the excess energy is released as heat2. The reason
strong acids readily ionize is because of the large positive charge of the H atom2. The more
positive it is the more proton-like it becomes. A polar water molecule for instance can then easily
In this experiment, equations like q=mCdeltaT become important in finding the heat absorbed by
the solution1. The mxC part is important because it gives the amount of joules of that particular
solution but only accounts for one degree of temperature change. That is why the temperature
change is then multiplied. This however does not take account of the total energy produced by
neutralization. The calorimeter absorbs some of the heat in the reaction and must be accounted
for1. To find this value you need to find the calorimeter constant and multiply by the temperature
change. The reason there are different calorimeter constants is that different materials absorb
heat at various rates2. Metal for instance will absorb much of the heat released by the reaction
unlike styrofoam cups. Once the total amount of energy is calculated one can find the molar heat
Reflection:
The key step missed in the procedure was not finding the calorimeter constant. This is important
in determining the energy absorbed by the calorimeter. The energy absorbed by the calorimeter
plus the energy absorbed by the solution equals the total energy produced by neutralization.
What we do know from the data is that HCl had a greater temperature change than the weaker
acetic acid. The energy absorbed by the HCl/NaOH solution was 9626J as opposed to the
neutralization will be larger than the acetic acid's reaction. Unfortunately without the calorimeter
constant I can't get a specific answer but in terms of relativity, a strong acid's neutralization
reaction like HCl will produce more heat than a weak acid like CH3COOH. This is due to the
fact that a strong acid has better tendency to give off proton atoms. A weak acid may not
completely ionize. In the equation, q=mCdeltaT it is easy to see what components are important
to find energy. The specific heat capacity, mass, and change in temperature are directly
News Brief:
If you've ever had stomach indigestion, you may have tried taking antacids to counter the
problem. Stomach indigestion problems arise due to excess amounts of acids produced by the
stomach lining. An antacid is a base which can counter the effects of the acid. This mixing of
acids and bases is called a neutralization reaction and creates water. In our experiment we used a
device called a calorimeter to measure the heat produced by two different neutralization
reactions. One of them contained a strong acid, while the other contained a weak acid. The result
was that the strong acid solution produced more heat than the weak one. Why is this? Strong
acids like HCl which can be found in your stomach are more likely break apart when they are
near a strong base. Since energy cannot be lost or made, the excess energy is transferred as heat.
More energy is needed to break apart weak acids and thus less energy is released as heat.
Citations:
1
Chemistry 2046L Laboratory Manual for Chemistry Fundamentals II
2
Tro, Nivaldo J. Chemistry: a Molecular Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice
News Brief:
If you've ever had stomach indigestion, you may have tried taking antacids to counter the
problem. Stomach indigestion problems arise due to excess amounts of acids produced by the
stomach lining. An antacid is a base which can counter the effects of the acid. This mixing of
acids and bases is called a neutralization reaction and creates water. In our experiment we used a
device called a calorimeter to measure the heat produced by two different neutralization
reactions. One of them contained a strong acid, while the other contained a weak acid. The result
was that the strong acid solution produced more heat than the weak one. Why is this? Strong
acids like HCl which can be found in your stomach are more likely break apart when they are
near a strong base. Since energy cannot be lost or made, the excess energy is transferred as heat.
More energy is needed to break apart weak acids and thus less energy is released as heat.