‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮیﮑﺎﻝ ﭘﻠﻨﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ ﻭ ﭘﺴﺖ‬
 ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ) ‪ ( LV‬ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ‪ 1000‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫)‪.( VL ≤1000V‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ )‪ ( MV‬ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1000‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ 63000‬ﻭﻟﺖ‬

‫< ‪.(1000 V‬‬ ‫)‪VL <63000V‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ )‪ ( HV‬ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 63000‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫‪.( 63000‬‬ ‫‪ 230000‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪V ≤ VL <230000V‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ )‪ (E HV‬ﮐﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 230000‬ﻭﻟﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.( VL≥230000V‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
3
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺀ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎﹰ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻭ ‪SF6‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ ) ‪( CVT‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ) ‪( CT‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻂ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﮋﻧﮑﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ) ﺍﺗﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ(‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺎﺭﺩ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫‪(Power Line Carrier ) PLC‬‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻴﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺳﻨﮑﺮﻭﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻟﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪SCADA‬‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊﺭ‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫‪.18‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.19‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪.20‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﮋﻧﮑﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻴﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ) ‪( CT‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ) ‪( PT‬‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪.11‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪.13‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﮑﻬﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﯼ ﺷﺎﺭﮊﺭ‬ ‫‪.16‬‬
‫‪UPS‬‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻠﻔﯽ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺯﻧﯽ )‪( SVC‬‬ ‫‪.18‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪.19‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪SCADA‬‬ ‫‪.20‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
7
• Shunt capacitors for cost efficient
reactive power compensation 1-500 kV
system voltage up to 300 MVAr

8
9
 ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮑﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ‪ 馛‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻﻥ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻳﮑﻠﻮﺯﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ‪ 馛‬ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮋﻧﮑﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﺯ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﺍ‪ 馛‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﯽ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻳﮏ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺧﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ‪ 1 KV‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻦ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 1‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ) ﺩﻳﮋﻧﮑﺘﻮﺭ( ﺧﻂ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪1‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﮐﺸﻮﻳﯽ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﭽﯽ ﺍﯼ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ‪ 30 KV‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺗﺎﻳﯽ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻼﮎ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 4‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪4‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 5‬ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 6‬ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ ‪ 220 KV‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 8 ، 7‬ﻭ ‪ 9‬ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪5‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪8‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪7‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ‪ 11‬ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ 6‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪10‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪6‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪11‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻴﻮﺳﮏ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻋﻤﻖ ﮐﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 14، 13 ، 12‬ﻭ ‪ 15‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪12‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪13‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪14‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪15‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 60‬ﻭ ‪ 110 KV‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 20 ، 19 ، 18 ، 17 ، 16‬ﻭ ‪ 21‬ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪17‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪16‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪18‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪19‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪20‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪21‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮﻗﻴﭽﯽ ﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻗﻴﭽﯽ ﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ ﻭﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﯼ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﮐﻨﺘﺎﮐﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺷﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 22‬ﻭ ‪ 23‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﻗﻄﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪23‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪22‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻮﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 25 ، 24‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ 26‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪25‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪24‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪26‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺎﮐﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ )‪1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﮑﺴﻴﻮﻧﺮ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
18
19
20
21
22
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪24‬‬
25
26
27
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪28‬‬
 ‫‪29‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬

‫‪30‬‬
31
32
33
‫ﮐﻠﻴﺪ ‪SF6‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
‫ﺸﮑﻞ‪46‬‬ ‫ﺸﮑﻞ ‪45‬‬

‫ﺸﮑﻞ ‪48‬‬ ‫ﺸﮑﻞ ‪47‬‬

‫‪44‬‬
‫ﻣﺷﺧﺻﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻣﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻁﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻝ ﮐﻠﻳﺩﻫﺎی ﻓﺷﺎﺭ ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ‬

‫‪45‬‬
AIS design
Different bus arrangements

Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

Single Bus Main & Transfer Double Bus Conventional
Double bus with
Ring, 11/2 or
by pass
Double Breaker

Withdrawable Disconnecting Disconnecting Disconnecting

Withdrawable Withdrawable
D-Bus S-Bus D-Bus R/DX-Bus
S-Bus R/DX-Bus

46
AIS design The ”old fashioned” solution

Based on old type of breakers with air blast, oil or older SF6 design
with many components = relatively high failure rate and maintenance rate

“Old fashioned solution” = Use many conventional disconnectors to isolate and by-pass
equipment which may fail and need maintenance. But what will isolate and by-pass
the many disconnectors?

Conventional Single Bus Conventional Main & Transfer Bus Conventional Double Bus

47
AIS design The ”right” solution for a ”small” station

S H S D

Disconnecting switchgear (DCB)

S H S R

Withdrawable switchgear (WCB)

48
AIS design The ”right” solution for a ”large” station

Compact T- Triple bus

Combined T- Triple bus

Compact R- Ring bus

Compact D- Double bus with
DX- Duplex in/out feed

49
AIS design The ”right” solution for ”any” station

Traditional single + aux bus Disconnecting single Withdrawable single

or ”double” bus or ”double”bus

Traditional double breaker Disconnecting double breaker DCB/WCB 11/2

50
Freedom of
choice
The ”right” solution for any
application

Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

Single Bus Double Bus Conventional
Main & Transfer Double bus with
Ring, 11/2 or
by pass
Double Breaker

WCBt WCBt DCB DCB DCB

WCBt
S-Bus D-Bus S-Bus D-Bus R/DX-Bus
R/DX-Bus

51
Freedom of
choice
The ”right” solution for any
application

With DCB

With WCB

52
Freedom of
choice
The ”right” solution for any
application
Traditional single + aux bus DCB D bus
or double bus (with by pass) ( with Compact bus interconnection)

WCB D bus

Traditional double breaker

or Breaker -and-a-half DCB DX bus

53
54
55
56
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪57‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪58‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪59‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪60‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪61‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪62‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪63‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ )ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪64‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ )ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪65‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪66‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪67‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪68‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪69‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻂ)ﻓﻴﺪﺭ(‬

‫‪70‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ‬

‫‪71‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻴﺪﺭ‬

‫‪72‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫‪73‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ)ﺷﻴﻦ(‬

‫‪74‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ)ﺷﻴﻦ(‬

‫‪75‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ)ﺷﻴﻦ(‬

‫‪76‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ)ﺷﻴﻦ(‬

‫‪77‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪78‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪79‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪81‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪82‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪83‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫‪84‬‬
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93