1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the

problem, hypothesis, and conceptual framework, and theoretical framework,

significance of the study, scope and limitation, definition of terms and Review of

Related Literature.

Background of the Study

Education is commonly referred to as the process of learning and obtaining

knowledge at school, in form of formal education. Generally, at the start of a very

young age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral and physical

powers, which they acquire through various types of education. The process of

education does not only start when a child first attend school. Education begins at

home when the parent started to give knowledge to the child.

In education, it involves study habits and it is the ways that you study; the

habits that you have formed during your school years. Study conducted by Bhan

and Gupta (2010) investigate that education is the most important innovation of

mankind, it has very exact content it is possible to contribute a correct meaning.

Other philosopher and scholars have defined education based on their own ideas

and philosophies. Education improve personal identity. It is not limited to the walls

of classroom, but also outside of surroundings. Education begins from womb end

with the death of individual. An individual may have reasonable socio-economic

 2

status, except when he/she does not have correct advice for study habits, and then

proper education stay unexposed.

According to, Ozsoy, Memis and Tamur (2009) stated that study habits is

the amount and kinds study routines which student used during a regular period of

study occurred in conductive environment. In the literature, study skills are usually

defined as student’s ability to manage time and other resources to complete an

academic task successfully. The students approach to learning is highly

individualistic with a wide variation of technique observable.

However, Crede and Kuncel (2008) define study habits as study routines

including, but not restricted to frequency of studying sessions, review of material,

self-testing, rehearsal of learned material. In Addition, Ozsoy, Memis and Tamur

(2009) stated that study habits the amount and kinds study routines which student

used during a regular period of study occurred in conductive environment. In the

literature, study skills are usually defined as student’s ability to manage time and

other resources to complete an academic task successfully. The students

approach to learning is highly individualistic with a wide variation of technique

observable.

However, Crede and Kuncel (2008) define study habits as study routines

including, but not restricted to frequency of studying sessions, review of material,

self-testing, rehearsal of learned material and According to Ogbodo (2010)

examined that study habits refer to learning which leads to the achievement of a

learner’s goal, though a prescribed pattern of steady behavior. A student must

comprehend learning strategy and steady habits, which improves them to

 3

accomplish the goal of education. Knowledge through proper study habits is the

highest process in human behavior.

However, Kumar (2015) in India particularly in Radjhani College University,

mostly students do not succeed in study habits. Survey found out that the students

don’t have enough time for self-study that’s the argument why they got lower

percentage of grade. Similarly, Sawar et al. (2009) in their analysis on study

orientation of high and low academic achievers at secondary school level on

Pakistan discover that the high achievers had excel study aspect than the low

achievers.

In previous study of Mendezabal (2010) showed that the students of

University of Saint Louis, Tuguegaro City do not have complimentary study habits

and attitudes. She noted certain of negative study attitudes of students such as not

enough time management, poor reading comprehension, ineffective examination

techniques, and failure in question for help of teachers.

Because of the issues and concerns stated above the researcher was urged

to find out an investigate what would be the reasons and factors affecting academic

performance of the Grade 10 students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc. Due to

lack of study habits, likewise we also moved to contribute improvement of

instruction by looking into the student’s techniques and interest towards study

habits as well as their performance in school.

Statement of the Problem

 4

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of study habits

and academic performance of the students. It is specifically aimed to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the level of study habits of the Grade-10 students of Davao Winchester

Colleges, Inc.?

2. What is the level of Academic Performance of the Grade-10 students of Davao

Winchester Colleges, Inc.?

3. Is there significance relationship between study habits and academic

performance of the Grade-10 students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc.?

Hypothesis

Ho: There is no significant relationship between study habits and academic

performance.
 5

Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

STUDY HABITS ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study

 6

Theoretical Framework

According to Ayodele and Adebiyi (2013) suggest that effective study habits

produce good academic performance while inefficient study habits guide to

academic failure. Study habits are termed as the strategy of study of students.

Moreover, Marquez (2009) also pointed out that the students has a good study

habit becomes successful in their desire. In line with this, she said that students

may apply their classes in this kind of habits. She also indicates that students will

not try to study in just a single period. Moreover, each student has their own style

in studying it depend on the duration of time, what is the best venue to study.

This studies skills and techniques will students apply throughout their

studies and more. It will depend against the students if she or he willing in studying

or be generated by the confusion of social networking sites such as Facebook,

Twitter, Instagram, Tumbler, etc. That’s why all of this can easy to fit through their

phones, studying is the key to excel in one’s academic performance because it’s

not only prepares a student to excel in class but back the lesson that already been

taught.

Significant of the Study

This research aims to benefit of the students, especially the Grade-10

students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc. in a way for them to be able to

understand the factor in the student’s study habits which affect their academic

performance.
 7

Students. The students will be given an idea to know more about their

shelves and on how they going to determine their study habits so they can improve

it for the people. It is not just their study habits will change but also to their school

performance.

Parents/Guardian. The results of this study can be an awareness tool for

them to take part in motivating their child for the development of scholastic

performance.

Teacher. The result of this study can be useful companion for them in

designing imperative condition that enhance encouragement of the student’s ton

involve in the learning procedure.

School Administrator. The result of this study will provide them input

planning schedule that will help the students attainment regarding onj achievement

of desirable learning development.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the terms were defined operationally;

Study Habits. These are the behaviors used when preparing for tests

or learning academic material.

Academic Performance. It is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution

has achieved their short or long-term educational goals.

 8

Scope and Delimitation

This study limits its courage only the Grade-10 students of Davao

Winchester Colleges, Inc. for the school year 2018-2019. This study will focus on

the factor affecting the study habits on the academic performance of the students.

It was conducted inside the school campus, starting June to October 2018.

Review of Related Literature

Study Habits

According to How-to-study.com (2008), students who are very successful

in their desire career have good study habits. It is stated in the websites that

students pertain this habits to all their classes. The websites also deliver certain

tips in improving study habits. The websites also implied that the students should

attempt not to study all the subjects in just period. The website also added that if

you try to do too much studying at one time you will tire in your studying will not be

very efficient. Place your work you have to do over shorter periods. Taking short

breaks will refresh your mental energy.

As cited by Li (2009) you don’t need to pursue yourself to study within six

hours every day, rather they advise three to four hours of study each school days

has a healthy amount that’s why it is prudent to maximize at time to hinder

excessive school works. Most of students spend so much time of allotted sleeping

hours to forget their assignment that are due to tomorrow. It is unhealthy not to

sleep for enough hours because it can cause tardiness during class hours.
 9

Otherwise, Manila Bulletin (2011) stress out that the purpose of having good

study habits is to be impressive. Effective understanding and having a good

comprehend of the subject matter. Efficiency: managing the time you study for as

to spend as little of it as possible. Having good study habits improve in achieving

goal in college.

A substantial amount of research has examined the role of students study

habits and their attitudes to study on academic performance. This study of Osa-

Edoh and Alutu (2012) which investigate the use of built down in the student’s

study habits, as a means of improve their academic performance, revealed a high

correlation between study habits and students’ academic performance.

In contrast, Parua and Archana (2011) conducted a study on study habits

of secondary school students in relation to their academic performance this study

intended to explore the study habit of secondary school students in relation to their

scholastic children in Yumana Nagar district of Haryana. The sample of study

selected through simple random sampling technique. The sample comprised of

100 secondary school students. The result of this study revealed that there is

significant positive correlation between the habit and the scholastic achievement

of secondary school students as whole dimension wise. Further, there is a

significant difference between high and low scholastic achievements on study

habits in general.

Otherwise, Neeru Mohini Aggarwaland Vinay Kumar (2010) conducted a

study on study habits of secondary level arts and science students. The objectives

of the were to study the comparison in study habits of secondary level students
 10

belonging to arts in science streams, to study the comparison in study habits of

secondary level male students and to study habits of female students.

According to Dr. Anwar Ehtesham (2013) did a correlational study to

investigate the degree of relationship between study habits and academic

performance of senior secondary school students. The study revealed high and

positive relationship between study habits and academic achievement and good

study habits result in high academic performance. It was suggested that necessary

study skills must be taught to the students with a view to improve their academic

performance.

In contrast, Patil, Deepa (2013) found out the correlational between study

habits and academic achievement with the help of Dr. M.N Palsanes study habits

inventory. The study identified positive and high correlational between study habits

and academic achievement. The suggestion given by the researcher, was it is

necessary to guide the students to develop proper study habits.

Academic Performance

However, Kyoshaba (2009) investigate the academic performance is an

important role in an individual placing. Due to this, there are many people worried

in the ways they can improve their academic achievement. The accent of academic

excellence which is also widespread worldwide has motivate many studies about

the conditions promoting it. The task of academic performance has one of the

predictors of once life success and also in the side of academic placement in
 11

schools in higher institutions as well as to level of employed in once career is

necessary.

Otherwise, Ali et al. (2013) also observed that the learning outcomes and

educational performance of students are strongly affected by the type of education

institution where they received their education. However, this is a function of

number of facilities a school offers, which usually determines their quality, and

which in turn affect the performance and accomplishment of its students.

According to, Raychaudhuri et al. (2010) examined that various studies

have been concluded to recognize those variables which are influencing academic

performance of the students. The academic performance of the students also

relies on a various socio economic variables like student’s participation in the

class, family pay, and teacher-student ratio, presence of quailed teachers in school

and gender of the students.

In contrast, Garikai (2010) empirically predicted the causes of poor

academic performance of the school students on a sample of 200 high school

students of Zimbabwe. Data were gathered through interview conducted with the

students. The findings indicated that there was a difference in academic

performance of male and female students with male students performing better

and education of parents had significant effect on academic achievement of the

students.
 12

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Presented in this section are the discussion of the research design,

research locale, research respondents, research instrument, data gathering

procedure and data analysis.

Research Design

The descriptive correlation method was utilized in this study. In addition,

Fellows and Liu (2008) said that quantitative research method are generally

adopted because they are scientific method and give instant conclusion. Other

explanation for preferred approach is that it is more effective, can test hypothesis

and constantly target at clear quality, count them and construct statistical models

to clarify what is observed through research. According to Given (2008),

quantitative research is a systematized objective approach to explore a

phenomenon through statistical, mathematical, or numerical data or computational

methodology is mostly natural sciences. The quantitative methodology

concentrates on measurement with cause and effect prediction and hypothesis

estimate. On the other hand, Matthews and Ross (2010), quantitative research

methods are mostly applied to the collection of data that is structured in which

could be represented numerically. Commonly quantitative data is collected when

researcher has embrace the positive epistemology approach and data is

recollected that can be scientifically analyzed.

 13

According to Aggarwal (2008) that descriptive research is devoted to the

gathering of information about prevailing conditions or situation for the purpose of

description and interpretation. This type of research method is not simply amassing

and tabulating facts but include proper analysis, interpretation, comparison,

identification of trends and relationship.

Addition Calderon (2012) descriptive research involves the description,

according, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition or

processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing conditions, or how a person,

group or things behaves or function in the present. It often involves some types of

comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive research maybe defined as a

purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about

prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause effect

relationship and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such

data will or without the aid of statistical methods. Similarly, Ritchie et al. (2013)

opined that by using the descriptive method the researcher will be able to observe

a large mass of target population and make required conclusions about the

variables. The researcher by using descriptive research can effectively design a

pre- structured questionnaire with both open ended and closed ended questions.

The information collected from the responses of can be statistically presented in

this type of research method for the easy interpretation of the report users. Since

the researcher is trying to analyze the customer opinion, attitude, behavior, and

satisfaction level in relation to services and products hence the researcher should

effectively use the descriptive method in order to statistically analyze the data.
 14

However, Leedy and Ormrod (2012). The intent purpose of correlational

research is to examine “The extent to which differences in one characteristics or

variable are related to disagreement in one or more different feature or variables:

A correlation occurs if one variable (x) expand and variable (y) increases or

decreases:

Research Locale

The study will be conducting at Davao Winchester Colleges Inc. it is located

at Feeder road 4, Sto.Tomas Davao Del Norte. The school consists variety of

levels from kindergarten, Elementary, Junior High school, Sunday High school and

College Department.
15
 16

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the Grade-10 Junior High School

students of Davao Winchester Colleges Inc. This study chooses the Grade 10

students as the research respondents with the total population of 90 respondents.

Distribution of Research Respondents

Table 1.
Shows The Distribution of Research Population of the Grade 10 Junior
High School Students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc.

Section Male Female

10- Kindness 26 21

10- Knowledge 24 19

Total 50 40
 17

Research Instrument

The study will be use checklist questionnaire pattern adopted from Hazel

Mae P. Peters (2018), to gather data on study habits while the Academic

Performance of the Grade 10 students will be from the registrar of Davao

Winchester Colleges Inc.

Data Gathering Procedures

The following were the steps in the gathering data:

1. Permission and Approval. The researcher asked the permission and

approval from the school head of the Junior High School of Davao

Winchester Colleges, Inc. to conduct a study.

2. Administration of the standardized survey questionnaire. After the

approval, the study commenced questionnaire were personally

administered to the Junior High School students of Davao Winchester

Colleges, Inc. by the researchers.

3. Treatment of the Data. The gather data was analyzed trough the following

statistical tools.

Data Analysis

The gathering data of this study was analyzed using mean and Person r.

through the following statistical tools. This tool was used to determine the level

of a Study Habits and the level of Academic Performance of the Senior High

School Students of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc. respondents. It also used

 18

to determine the significant relationship between Study Habits and Academic

Performance.
 19

CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Level of Study Habits

The Table 2 shows that Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10 has

descriptive equivalent of Low while Q4 has a descriptive equivalent of moderate

Study Habits. The overall is Low Study Habits.

Table 2
Level of Study Habits
STATEMENT MEAN SD DESCRIPTIVE
LEVEL

Q1. I am spending enough time planning on 2.46 0.78 LOW

academic performance matters.
Q2. I find time to study my lesson. 2.44 0.70 LOW
Q3. I do task in order of their importance. 2.47 0.81 LOW
Q4. I am making to do list on the things I’m going 3.08 0.70 MODERATE
to do for a month, week or day.
Q5. I organize my time to meet deadlines. 2.51 0.78 LOW
Q6. I take down note during the discussion. 2.37 0.90 LOW
Q7. I use initials and acronyms when I am 2.44 0.88 LOW
studying.
Q8. I make a list of what I intend to study. 2.50 0.88 LOW
Q9. I highlighted words that seem to be important. 2.05 0.90 LOW
Q10. I love to play rather than studying. 2.12 0.93 LOW
OVERALL 2.55 0.46 LOW

In the article published by the Manila Bulletin (2011), it was stressed out

that the purpose of having good study habits is to be impressive. Effective

understanding and having a good comprehend of the subject matter. Efficiency:

 20

managing the time you study for as to spend as little of it as possible. Having good

study habits improve in achieving goal in college.

The Level of Academic Performance

Table 3 shows that the level of Academic performance is satisfactory. This

means that the students need more time to prepare for their subject so that their

performance would improve into very satisfactory or better outstanding.

Table 3.
Academic Performance of the Grade 10 students of Davao Winchester
Colleges, Inc.
Dependent Mean Standard Descriptive
Variable Deviation Level
Academic 82.84 5.00 Satisfactory
Performance

According to Kyoshaba (2009) stated that the academic performance is an

important role in an individual placing. Due to this, there are many people worried

in the ways they can improve their academic achievement. The accent of academic

excellence which is also widespread worldwide has motivate many studies about

the conditions promoting it. The task of academic performance has one of the

predictors of once life success and also in the side of academic placement in

schools in higher institutions as well as to level of employed in once career is

necessary.

Relationship between Study Habits and Academic Performance

The Table 4 shows the result that the Study Habits and Academic

Performance has Pearson product correlation coefficient value (r) of 0.28 which
 21

means very low correlation between two quantities. Since the p-value is 0.006 is

less than 0.05 level of significant, therefore, the decision should reject the null

hypothesis.

Table 4
Test of Relationship between Study Habits and Academic Performance
Variables r Description p-value Decision

Study Habits vs 0.29 Low 0.006 Reject Ho

Academic Correlation

Performance

It implies that the academic performance is related to study habits. The

greater the study habits, the higher the academic performance. This is supported

by Parua and Archana (2011) that there is significant positive correlation between

the habit and the scholastic achievement of secondary school students as whole

dimension wise. Further, there is a significant difference between high and low

scholastic achievements on study habits in general.

 22

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter present the summary, conclusion and recommendations

based on the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained.

Summary

This aims to determine the significant relationship of study habits and

academic performance of the Grade-10 students of Davao Winchester Colleges,

Inc. The data was gathered through requesting a list of all Grade-10 students. It

reveals that the level of study habits is low. However, the level of performance is

satisfactory. Moreover, there significant relationship between study habits and

academic Performance of Grade 10 students in Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc.

Conclusion

On the basis of the foregoing findings, it can be concluded that:

1. The level of study habits of the grade 10 students of Davao Winchester Colleges,
Inc. is low.

2. In this study, the level of learning outcomes of the Grade 10 students of Davao
Winchester Colleges, Inc. in terms of grades is average.

3. The Study Habits of Grade 10 student of Davao Winchester Colleges, Inc. has
significant relationship to the level of their Academic Performance.

Recommendation
The following recommendations present the Study Habits providing

suggestions for future researchers in exceeding the scope of this study.

 23

Recommendations are based on the result of this study.

1. It would be worthwhile for all stake holders in education, parents, teachers

and government to encourage students in their respective areas of

responsibilities, such as providing study materials, conductive place of

study, recognizing excellence, and appreciating student’s hard work as

soon as possible among others. These will help to motivate the students

positively towards their study and academic achievement.

2. Students should be taught study skills so that they can cultivate good and

effective study skills.

3. Parents should improve the level of control and care of their children, show

more interest and concern in the academic work of their wards by way of

providing conductive atmosphere for studies, providing materials for studies

and helping in their studies.

4. Study habits are important as they influence the academic performance of

students so parents and teachers must help in improving the study habits

of students. Some investigators have sought to determine what study habits

are characteristically used by students when left to work by themselves with

little or no direction. Hence, teachers in school should be facilitators of

learning. The infinite treasure within every learner should be discovered and

nurtured for the purpose of improving study skills.

5. Further study may be conducted to address other factors not included in

this study which may have an influence in the learning outcomes of the

students.
 24

REFERENCES

Bhan, I.&Gupta,R.(2010) Study Habits And Academic Achievements Among

Students Belonging To Scheduled Caste And Non Schedule Caste Group.
Journal Of Applied Research In Education 15(1)Pp.1-9
Ogbodo, R.O (2010) Effective Study Habits In Educational Sector: Counseling
Implications. Edo Journal Of Counselling, Vol.3,No.2.Pp.1-11
Kumar V,Et Al.(2015) Expression Of Rck2 Mapkap(Mapk-Activated Protein
Kinase)Rescue Yeast Cells Sensitivity To Osmotic Stress. Microb Fact 14:85
Mandezabal, M. J. N. (2013). Study Habits And Attitudes: The Road To Academic
Success. Open Science Repository Education, Online (Open-
Access).E70081928.Doi:10.7392/Education.70081928 Received: January 21,
2013 Published: February 15, 2013.
Ayodele, C. S., & Adebiyi, D. R. (2013). Study Habits As Influence Of Academic
Performance Of Students Nurses Of Banquet State University. International
Journal Of Nursing Science, 5(2), 60-65.
Márquez (2009) Plasma Membrane Sterols Are Involved In Yeast's Ability To
Adsorb Polyphenolic Compounds Resulting From Wine Model Solution Browning.
J Agric Food Chem57(17):8026-32
Osa-Edoh, G. And Alutu, A. (2012) A Survey Of Students Study Habits In Selected
Secondary Schools: Implication For Counselling. Current Research Journal Of
Social Sciences, 4, 228-234.
Paura R.K. And Ms. Archana (2011) Study Habits Of Secondary School Students
In Relation To Their Scholastic Achievement. International Referred Research
Journal, June 2011, Vol Ii , 21
Sarath And Gail (2010) Performance Of College Students: Impact Of Study Time
And Study Habits Journal Of Education For Business, Taylor & Francis Group, Llc
85: 229-238, 2010
Neeru Mohini Aggarwal And Vinay Kumar (2010) Study Habits Of Secondary Level
Arts And Science Students. Edutracts 10, 01, 37-39 September.
Nalini Ganesha Bhatta, (2009), Study Habit And Students And Students
Achievement In Relation To Some Influencing Factors Edutracks Vol.9 No.2
Neelkamal Publications Pvt., Ltd., Hydrabad, India.
Kyoshaba, M. (2009). Factors Afectng Academic Performance Of Undergraduate
Students At Uganda Christan University. Available At: (Retrieved: December
2013).
Ali Et Al.(2013). Factors Contributing To Student’s Academic Performance: A Case
Study Of Islamia University Sub Campus. American Journal Of Educational
Research, 1(8), 283-289. December2013).
 25

Raychaudhuri, Amitava, Debnath, Manojit, Sen, Seswata & Majundra, Braja

Gopal. (2010). Factors Affecting Student’s Academic Performance: A Case Study
In Agartala Municipal Concial Area. Bangladesh E-Journal Of Sociology, Vol.7,
Number.2.
Garikai (2010) Determinants Of Poor Academic Performance. Retrieved From
Internet On March 13, 2011.
Fellows, R. & Liu, A. (2008) Research Methods For Construction, 3rd Ed,
Chichester, Wiley Blackwell.
Given (2008). Sage Encyclopedia Of Quantitative Research Methods. Thousand
Oaks, Ca: Sage.
Matthews And Ross, L. (2010). Research Methods. A Practical Guide For The
Social Sciences. Harlow: Lo
Aggarwal (2008). Statistics Of Education. (2nd Ed.) Delhi: Sterlingngman.
Ritchie Et Al. (2013). Quantitative Research Practice: A Guide For Social Science
Students And Researchers. Sage (Pdf) What Makes Qualitative Research Good
Research? An Exploratory Analysis Of Critical Elements. Available From:
Leedy, P. And Ormrod, J. (2010). Practical Research. Upper Saddle River, Nj:
Merrill.

.
 26

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: _______________________________________ Section:

_____________________

Average: ___________ Gender: ___ Female

___ Male

1. (At all times) 3. (Sometimes)

2. (Most of the time) 4. (Never)

1 2 3 4
1. I am spending enough time planning
on academic matters.
2. I find time to study my lesson.

3. I do task in order of their importance.

4. I am making to do list on the things I’m

going to do for a month, week or day.
5. I organize my time to meet deadlines.

6. I take down note during the discussion.

7. I use initials and acronyms when I am

studying.

8. I make a list of what I intend to study.

9. I highlighted words that seem to be

important.

10. I love to play rather than studying.

 27

APPENDIX

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Fely Jean E. Baron

Age: 17 Years old

Address: La Libertad Sto.Tomas DDN

Birth Date: July 06, 2001

Name: Jolina G. Cabanes

Age: 17 Years old

Birth Date: July 02, 2001

Name: Paul B. Seniel

Age: 18 Years old

Address: Menzi, Prk 1. Sto. Tomas DDN

Birth Date: September 01, 2000

 28

Name: Rubelyn A. Tumaytay

Age: 17 Years old

Address: Fd. Rd 02, Pascual Area Sto. Tomas DDN

Birth Date: May 11, 2001

Name: Judelyn D. Soriano